宇宙正在缓慢消亡

An international team of astronomers¹ studying 200,000 galaxies² has measured the energy generated within a large portion of space more precisely³ than ever before, discovering that it's only half what it was 2 billion years ago and fading - the Universe is slowly dying. Researchers from the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Western Australia used seven of the world's most powerful telescopes to observe galaxies at 21 different wavelengths⁵ from the far ultraviolet to the far infrared⁶. 

 

Initial observations were conducted using the Anglo-Australian Telescope in New South Wales and supporting observations were made by two orbiting space telescopes operated by NASA and another belonging to the European Space Agency. 

 

The research is part of the Galaxy⁷ and Mass Assembly (GAMA) project, the largest multi-wavelength⁴ survey ever put together.

 

"We used as many space and ground-based telescopes we could get our hands on, to measure the energy output of over 200,000 galaxies across as broad a wavelength range as possible," says ICRAR Professor Simon Driver, who presented the findings at the International Astronomical⁸ Union's General Assembly in Honolulu.

 

The survey data, released to astronomers around the world, includes 200,000 galaxies each measured at 21 wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the far infrared and will help scientists better understand how different types of galaxies form.

 

Professor Driver, who heads up the GAMA team, says the study set out to map and model all of the energy generated within a set volume of space.

 

All energy in the Universe was created in the Big Bang with some portion locked up as mass. Stars shine by converting this mass into energy as described by Einstein's famous equation E=MC2.

 

"While most of the energy sloshing around was created in the aftermath of the Big Bang, additional energy is constantly being released by stars as they fuse elements like hydrogen and helium together," Professor Driver says. 

 

"This newly released energy is either absorbed by dust as it travels through the host galaxy, or escapes into intergalactic space and travels until it hits something such as another star, planet, or very occasionally a telescope mirror."

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