狗在驯化过程中可能引起有害的基因变化

The domestication¹ of dogs may have inadvertently caused harmful genetic² changes, a UCLA-led study suggests. Domesticating³ dogs from gray wolves more than 15,000 years ago involved artificial selection and inbreeding, but the effects of these processes on dog genomes have been little-studied.

 

UCLA researchers analyzed⁴ the complete genome sequences of 19 wolves; 25 wild dogs from 10 different countries; and 46 domesticated⁵ dogs from 34 different breeds. They found that domestication may have led to a rise in the number of harmful genetic changes in dogs, likely as a result of temporary reductions in population size known as bottlenecks⁶. 

 

"Population bottlenecks tied to domestication, rather than recent inbreeding, likely led to an increased frequency of deleterious genetic variations in dogs," said Kirk Lohmueller, senior author of the research and assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary⁷ biology in the UCLA College. 

 

"Our research suggests that such variants⁸ may have piggybacked onto positively⁹ selected regions, which were also enriched in disease-related genes," Lohmueller said. "Thus, the use of small populations artificially bred for desired traits, such as smaller body size or coat color, may have led to an accumulation of harmful genetic variations in dogs."

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