2000年英语专业八级考试全真试卷

时间：2006-09-15 00:33:51

（单词翻译:单击）

听力
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension  (40  min)

  In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully  and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.?

SECTION A TALK?
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk. ?
1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn2 up by  ___.?
A. the legislature            B. the librarian? C. John Harvard                        D. the faculty3 members?

2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription4 library bec ause books  ___.?
A. could be lent to everyone
B. could be lent by book stores?
C. were lent to students and the faculty
D. were lent on a membership basis?

3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries??
A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.?
B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.?
C. To serve the community’s cultural and recreational needs.?
D. To supply technical literature on specialized5 subjects.?

4. The major difference between modem6 private and public libraries lies i n  ___.?
A. readership  B. content    C. service    D.function?

5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.?
A. to introduce categories of books in US libraries?
B. to demonstrate the importance of US libraries?
C. to explain the roles of different US libraries?
D. to define the circulation system of US libraries?

SECTION B INTERVIEW?
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen  to the interview.?
6. Nancy became a taxi driver because  ___.
A. she owned a car
B. she drove well?
C. she liked drivers’ uniforms
D. it was her childhood dream?

7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver??
A. The right sense of direction.
B. The sense of judgment8.?
C. The skill of maneuvering9.
D. The size of vehicles.?

8. What does Nancy like best about her job??
A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.?
B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.?
C. Driving in unsettled weather.?
D. Taking long drives outside the city.?

9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth10 er.?
A. uncaring    B. strict          C. affectionate          D. perm issive?

10. The people Nancy meets are?
A. rather difficult to please
B. rude to women drivers?
C. talkative and generous with tips
D. different in personality?

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.?
11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.?
A. to tighten11 control on tobacco advertising12?
B. to impose penalties on tobacco companies?
C. to start a national anti-smoking campaign?
D. to ensure the health of American children?

Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
12. The French President’s visit to Japan aims at  ___.?
A. making more investments in Japan?
B. stimulating13 Japanese businesses in France?
C. helping14 boost the Japanese economy
D. launching a film festival in Japan?

13. This is Jacques Chirac’s ___ visit to Japan.?
A. second    B. fourteenth    C. fortieth    D. forty-first?

Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.

14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because  ___.?
A. melting snow begins to block the mountain paths?
B. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocks?
C. the Taliban are hindering food deliveries?
D. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled?

15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.?
A. 160,000      B. 16,000          C. 1,000,000        D. 100 ,000?

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?
Fill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.?

                          On Public Speaking?

    When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they? usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations.? In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)___  1.___? that people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a speaker to? (2)___ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free  2.___? to decide on the (3)___ of his speech.  3.___? Two key points to achieve success in public speaking:? —(4)___ of the subject matter.  4.___? —good preparation of the speech.? To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the? (5)___ of your speech, and end it with a summary.  5.___? Other key points to bear in mind:? —be aware of your audience through eye contact.? —vary the speed of (6)___  6.___? —use the microphone skillfully to (7)___ yourself in speech.  7.___? —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)___  8.___? Example: the best remembered inaugural17 speeches of the US presidents are? the (9)___ ones.  9.___? Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)___ of a speech.  10.___?

改错
Part Ⅱ Proofreading19 and Error Correction  (15  min)
The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread18 the passage and correct it in the following way.? For a wrong word,      underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.? For a missing word,        mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.? For an unnecessary word      cross out the unnecessary word with a slash20 “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example?
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit,          (1) an?
it never／  buys things in finished form and hangs        (2) never?
them on the wall. When a natural history museum          ?
wants an exhibition, it must often build it.            (3) exhibit?
?  The grammatical words which play so large a part in English?
grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different  1.___?
from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may?
seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less?
meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them  2.___?
“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary.  3.___?
But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.  4.___?
Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,?
it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp  5.___?
difference in meaning between “man is vile21 and” “the man is?
vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning.  6.___?
Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably23 among?
themselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the  7.___?
lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been?
“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for  8.___?
distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we?
consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart  9.___?
from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some?
people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity  10.___?
when we omit them. This is illustrated24 not only in the poetry of?
Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.?

阅读理解 A

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension  (40  min)
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30  min)?
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.??
TEXT A
    Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues26, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird27 in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yo urself.?
   It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the  Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w  have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze,  where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new— and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.?
      Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry29 of Busines s and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one’s heart  l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters30, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park. ?
      Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley31, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb32 and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. a n d there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that’s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than  Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability33; its future in Europe will be as a broker34, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly35 honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports36, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern  and well-maintained.?
      The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds37 and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly38 sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt39 its members from the hazards of life.?
      But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue25 of citizenship40, and you shouldn’t feel bad f o r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.?
16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.
A. boastful    B. modest    C. deprecating  D. mysterious?
17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage??
A. Fondness of foreign culture.        B. Equality in society.? C. Linguistic41 tolerance42.                D. Persistent43 planning.
18. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.
A. disapproving      B. approving      ?C. noncommittal    D. doubtful?
19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.?
A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes?
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting44 other people?
C. is considered economically essential to the country?
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles?
20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that  ___.?
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits?
B. Danes take for granted what is given to them?
C. the open system helps to tide the country over?
D. orderliness has alleviated45 unemployment?

TEXT B
   But if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification in to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of cour se s erve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The n ew boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight wor ds for things, and awe-inspiring pundits46 of six or seven look down on him for no t being aware that racksy means “dilapidated”, or hairy “out first ball”. Th e mi ner takes a certain pride in being “one up on the visitor or novice47 who calls t h e cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “u nde rpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “i ns ider” is seldom displeased48 that his language distinguishes him from the “outsi der”.?
    Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and profe ssions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invi te irritation49 or downright condemnation50. On the other hand, we know that other k inds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.?
    In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested tha t English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the in different. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” an d “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an uni mpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unself c onscious and easy flow which is often envied. ?
    At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable51 band, speak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned52 by others, they are supremely53 indifferent to the fact . The Mrs Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, a nd if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we “can lump i t ”. That is their attitude. Curiously54 enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in’ for ing. On the one hand, “w e’re goin’ huntin’, my dear sir”; on the other, “we’re goin’ racin’ , ma te.”?
      In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, th e anxious. These actively55 try to suppress what they believe to be bad English an d assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives  in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and thei r choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up wi th the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, a nd clothes, but also in speech.?
      And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiet y. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.?
      It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people t hus uncomfortably stilted56 on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent57 on“ going places and doing things”. The grea te r the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr Sharpless called“ this shabby obsession” with variant58 forms of English— espe ci ally if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected60 and ridiculous. “ Here”, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study  w ords and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion’ s frenzy61 is a good emble m …of this vanity: for words axe28 but the images of matter; and except they have l ife of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”?
21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.?
A. critical          B. anxious? C. self-conscious                    D. nonchalant?
22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.?
A. they feel they are socially looked down upon?
B. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attack?
C. they are inherently nervous and anxious people?
D. they are unable to meet standards of correctness?
23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.?
A. worthwhile        B. meaningless        C. praiseworthy    D. irrational62?

TEXT C
   Fred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven’t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.?
    If it sounds snobbish64 to draw attention to his humble65 origins, it should be reflected that the real snob63 is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted66 to renounce67 his British passport in 1941 — just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation.?
      Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue68 that has won Radio 4 many devoted69 adherents70. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world “mida tlantic”, the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.?
      He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke’s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities71.?
    He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly72 becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian73; instead he is an impressionist’s dream.?
      Cooke liked the sound of his first wife’s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord.? Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped74 showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam’s soldiers. His arrogance75 in not allo w ing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment76. His defenders77 said he could not help living with the 1930s values  he had acquired and somewhat dubiously78 went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke’s raconteur79 style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.?
24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.?
A. Cooke’s obscure origins?
B. Cooke’s broadcasting style?
C. Cooke’s American citizenship?
D. Cooke’s fondness of America?
25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied80 to Cooke EXCEPT ___.?
A. old-fashioned                        B. sincere? C. arrogant                              D. popular? 26. The writer comments on Cooke’s life and career in a slightly ___ tone.?
A. ironic  B. detached  ?C. scathing81 D. indifferent

TEXT D
  ? Mr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! Th e whole narrative82 of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter  won over to conceal84 the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stom ach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul’s comp a nion! He thought of the hobbling wretches85 whom he had seen carrying cans and bot tles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been u nfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey86 to habits, one of th e wrecks87 on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered  her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ev er done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.?
      As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand tou ched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the pu blic house at Chapel88 Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.?
      The proprietor89 served him obsequiously90 but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman’s e state in County Kildare. They drank at intervals91 from their huge pint92 tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled93 on the  counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swish ing along the lonely road outside.?
      As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking94 alternately the  two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night afte r night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ce ased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.?
27. Mr Duffy’s immediate95 reaction to the report of the woman’s death wa s that of ___.
A. disgust      B. guilt      C. grief      D. compassion96?
28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the  woman’s death in a ___ manner.?
A. detailed97 B. provocative      C. discreet        D. sens ational?
29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.?
A. angry          B. fretful          C. irritable    D. remorseful98?
30. According to the passage , which of the following statements is NOT t rue99??
A. Mr Duffy once confided100 in the woman.?
B. Mr Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.?
C. The woman wanted to end the relationship.?
D. They became estranged101 probably after a quarrel.


阅读理解 B

SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10  min)? 
    In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice q uestions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Colour ed Answer Sheet.?

TEXT E
First read the following question.?
31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.?
A. a person’s opportunity of a lifetime?
B. the success of the computer industry?
C. the importance of education?
D. high school education in the US?
Now go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.?
    Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about educa tion. They want to know what to study, or whether it’s OK to drop out of colleg e since that’s what I did.?
    My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.“ Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.”?
    It’s true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at H a rvard for three years before dropping out-and I’d love to have the time to go b a ck. As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.
  The computer industry has lots of people who didn’t finish college, but I 'm  not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don’t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successfu l ones.?
    In my company’s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threa tened to drop out of high school to work full-time102. We told him no.?
    Quite a few of our people didn’t finish college, but we discourage droppin g out.?
    College isn’t the only place where information exist. You can learn in a l i brary. But somebody handing you a book doesn’t automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way t o test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.?
    Education should be broad, although it’s fine to have deep interests, too.
? In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware16, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests . My parents encouraged this, and I’m grateful that they did.?
    One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son “lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, sh e said.?
  This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best ch ance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with ot her kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics103. It’s fine to take a dee p  interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it j eopardizes breadth.?
      In college it’s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real e x pertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty104 isn’t something high school s t udents should worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic sta rt.?
   There’s not a perfect correlation105 between attitudes in high school and su c cess in later life, of course. But it’s a real mistake not to take the opportun i ty to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high schoo l, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.?

TEXT F
First read the following question.?
32. The passage focuses on ___.?
A. the history and future of London?
B. London’s manufacturing skills
C. London’s status as a financial centrer?
D. the past and present roles of London?
Now go through Text F quickly and answer question 32.?
    What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bomba rdments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855,50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods h ad been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods106 of any but a few pleasure-boatmen. ?
    The second major cause of London’s wealth and success was that it was easi l y the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial  Revolution, Dutch looms107 and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in  London. The vast range of London’s manufacturing skills is another fact; almos t any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosper108 ity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of Great Britain was  based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically reduced. By 1993, there were a mere59 328,000 Londoners engaged in manufacturing. In other words, by our own time s, two of the chief reasons for London’s very existence-its life as a pert and as a centre of manufacture-had dwindled109 out of existence.?
    London’s third great function, since the seventeenth century, has been tha t  of national and international bourse: the exchange of stocks and shares, bankin g, commerce and, increasingly, insurance. Both In wood and Francis Sheppard, in London: A history, manage to make these potentially dry matters vivid to the gen eral reader, and both authors assure us that “The City” in the financial sense  i s still as important as ever it was. Both, however, record the diminution110 of the  City as an architectural and demographic entity111, with the emptying of many city offices (since the advent112 of the computer much of the work can be done anywhere ) and the removal of many distinctive113 landmarks114.?

TEXT G
First read the following question.?
33. The primary purpose of the passage is to  ___.?
A. discuss the impact of the internet?
B. forecast the future roles of the bookstore?
C. compare the publisher with the editor?
D. evaluate the limitations of the printed page?
Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 33.?
      Since the advent of television people have been prophesying115 the death of the book. Now the rise of the World Wide Web seems to have revived this smolderi ng controversy116 from the ashes. The very existence of paper copy has been brought  into question once more.? It might be the bookstore, rather than the book itself, that is on the br ink of extinction117. Many of you will have noted118 tom of bookseller websites poppin g up. They provide lists of books and let you read sample chapters, reviews from other customers and interviews with authors.?
      What does all this mean? Browsing119 a virtual bookstore may not afford you the same dusty pleasure as browsing round a real shop, but as far as service, pr ice and convenience are concerned there is really no competition. This may chang e before long, as publishers’ websites begin to offer direct access to new publ ications.?
      Perhaps it is actually the publisher who is endangered by the relentless120 advance of the Internet. There are a remarkable121 number of sites republishing tex ts online--an extensive virtual library of materials that used to be handled pri marily by publishing companies.?
      From the profusion122 of electronic-text sites available, it looks as if thi s virtual library is here to stay unless a proposed revision to copyright law ta kes many publications out of the public domain123. However, can electronic texts st ill be considered books??
      Then again, it might be the editor at risk, in danger of being cut out of  the publishing process. The Web not only makes it possible for just about anyon e to publish whatever they like whenever they like-there are virtually no costs involved. The editors would then be the millions of Internet users. And there is  little censor124 ship, either.?
      So possibly it is the printed page, with its many limitations, that is pe rishing as the implications of new technologies begin to be fully1 realized. Last  year Stanford University published the equivalent of a 6,000 page Business Engl ish dictionary, online. There seem to be quite obvious benefits to housing these multi-volume reference sets on the Web. The perceived benefits for other books, such as the novel, are perhaps less obvious.?

TEXT H
First read the following question.?
34. The reviewer’s attitude towards the books is ___.?
A. ambiguous    B. objective    C. doubtful    D. ho stile?
Now go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 34.?
    The 1990s have witnessed a striking revival125 of the idea that liberal democr atic political system are the best basis for international peace. Western states men and scholars have witnessed worldwide process of democratization, and tend t o see it as a sounder basis for peace than anything we have had in the past.?
      Central to the vision of a peaceful democratic world bas been the proposit ion that liberal democracies do not fight each other; that they may and frequent ly do get into fights with illiberal127 states, but not with other countries that a re basically similar in their political systems. The proposition appeals to poli tical leaders and scholars as well.?
      Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the va st weight of generalization128 that has been placed on it. Among the many difficult ies it poses, two stand out: first there are many possible exceptions to the rul e that democracies do not fight each other; and second, there is much uncertaint y about why democracies have, for the most part, not fought each other.?
      Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American politics and international security b y John M. Owen is an attempt to explain the twin phenomena129 of liberal peace (why democracies do not fight each other) and liberal war (why they fight other sta tes, sometimes with the intent of making them liberal).?
      Owen’s analysis in the book strongly suggests that political leaders on a l l sides judged a given foreign country largely on the basis of its political sys tem; and this heavily influenced decisions on whether or not to wage war against  it. However, be also shows that military factors, including calculations of the  cost of going to war, were often influential130 in tipping the balance against war . In other words, democratic peace does not mean the end of power politics.?
      Owen hints at, but never addresses directly, a sinister131 aspect of democrat126 ic peace theory: its assumption that there would be peace if only everybody else was like us. This can lead only too easily to attempts to impose the favoured s ystem on benighted132 foreigners by force-regardless of the circumstances and sensi bilities that make the undertaking133 hazardous134, Owen’s central argument is not st r engthened by the occasional repetition nor by the remorselessly academic tone of the more theoretical chapters. However, most of the writing is succinct135; the hi storical accounts are clear and to the point; and the investigation136 of the causa l links between liberalism and war is admirably thorough.?
      There are several grounds on which the book’s thesis might be criticized. The most obvious is that some twentieth-century experience goes against the argu ment that liberal states ally with others, above all, because they perceive them as fellow liberals. In our own time, several liberal democracies have maintaine d long and close relations with autocracies137. However, Owen’s argument for a deg r ee of solidarity138 between liberal states provides at least part of the explanatio n for the continuation and even expansion of NATO in the post-Cold War era.?

TEXT I
First read the following questions.?
35. In ___, the table of contents of the magazine was placed on its back cover.?
A. 1922    B. 1948    C. the 1930s  D. the 1960s?
36. The magazine was criticized for failing to ___.?
A. appeal to the young                        B. attract old people    C. interest readers aged15 47                        D. captivate rea ders in their 50s?
Now go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 35 and 36.?
    New York-Reader’s Digest, the most widely read magazine in the world, will get a new look in a bid to attract younger readers, Reader’ Digest Association Inc. announced on March 29. Beginning with the May issue, the world’s largest- circulation magazine will move its table of contents off the front cover to mode rnize its look and make it easier for readers to navigate139, editor in chief Chris top her Willcox said. “When you have the table of contents on the cover, it limits w hat you can say about what’s in the magazine, ”Willcox said. The magazine’s f ami liar140 table of contents will be replaced with a photograph. The small size and fo cus of the editorial content will be unchanged, publisher Gregory Coleman said. “It will be a much more visual magazine, with more photography and less illustr ation,” he said in an interview.?
      Reader’s digest was first published in 1922, with line drawings on the c o vers, and in the 1930s began listing the contents on the front. For a couple of years in the 1960s, Willcox said,the table of contents was shifted to the back c over. The May issue will feature a cover photo of a woman firefighter in San Fra ncisco for an except from a new book,“ Fighting Fire. ”The names of a few arti cl es are listed on the cover, but the full table of contents will be on papes 2 an d 3. The issue began reaching subscribers on April 10 and will be on newsstands two weeks later. All 48 of the Digest’s worldwide editions—27 million copies in 19 languages—are making the change. Publisher Gregory Coleman said he expe cted the redesign to boost advertising sales. “We’ve done a lot of research, a nd have tested the concept in the US, Sweden, and New Zealand,” Coleman said.?
      The move comes as Reader’s Digest Association Inc. has struggled to boost profits. But industry analysts142 said its problems stretch beyond changes that wer e needed at the magazine. Publishing industry executives and Wall Street analyst141 s have criticized the magazine for failing to attract the next generation of rea ders. The company says its average reader is about 47,the same as the age for th e weekly new magazines, “They’ve been looking for ways to make the magazine a li ttle bit more the ’90s than the ’50s,” said Doug Arthur at Morgan Stanley Dea n W itter & Co. “The company has to be addressing the response rate on its direct m a rketing campaign, ”where its main problems lie. The company earned USD 133.5 mi l lion on sales of USD 2.8 billion in the year which ended last June. But it said, when it reported results, that profits would fall in the current year.?
    In answer to a question, Coleman said the redesign was not done because of advertisers, although they were enthusiastic about the changes. “This is being done from a reader-driven standpoint, ”he said. ?

TEXT J
First read the following questions.?
37. Words in both the OWF and Longman Activator143 are  ___.?
A. listed according to alphabetical144 order?
B. listed according to use frequency?
C. grouped according to similarities only?
D. grouped according to differences only?
38. To know the correct word for “boiling with a low heat”, you will pr obably turn to first ___.?
A. page 10        B. page 99        C. page 100          D. page 448?
Now go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 37 and 38.?
    The Oxford145 Wordfinder (OWF)is a “production dictionary” designed for learn er s of English at Intermediate level and above, It is a useful tool with which to discover and encode (produce) meaning, rather than just to simply check the mean ing, grammar and pronunciation of words. The OWF encourages a reversal of the tr aditional role of the language learners’ dictionary, which is normally to help decode146 and explain aspects of words that appear in a text.?
    The OWF is based upon similar lines to the ground breaking Longman Activato r in that words in each dictionary are not simply listed in alphabetical order. Instead, they are grouped according to their similarities and differences in bot h meaning and use. Twenty-three main groups of 630 “keywords” (concepts) in al ph abetical order, assist the learner in exploring semantic areas such as: “People ” , “Food and drink”, and “Language and Communication”. Each of these rather l arge areas contains cross-referencing in order to provide further helpful lexical in formation. Some of the keywords helpfully direct the learner to another keyword. Most keywords, however, have an index that shows how lexical items and their re lated terms are organized. Other keywords point to smaller sub-section headings whilst a few contain sections labeled “More”, which deal with less frequently occurring vocabulary.?
    The majority of words in the OWF are grouped together because they are clea rly related in meaning. Examples include: rucksack, “suitcase”,  trunk and hol d- all, on page 28, under the keyword “Bag”. Other words are grouped together bec au se statistically147 they tend to “collocate”, i.e. appear in English very near, i f not next to each other. The reader would, more often than not, find them in the same sentence or phrase. Examples include those for “butter”, “spread” and “melt ”, and those for Television on page 448: “watching”, “turn on/off” and “pr ogramme”.?
    The OWF is an ideal supplementary148 resource for learners to engage in word-b uilding activities during topic based lessons. How is it best used? Let’s say t h e learner wishes to know the correct word for “boiling with a low heat”. The i nt ermediate learner, who will probably begin her search under “Cook” on page 99,  l ocates the sub-section: “heating food in order to cook it” on page 100,then th e further sub-section “cooking food in water” and finally finds the definition f ol lowed by the word:—to boil slowly and gently: simmer. With the help of the OWF teachers could design a variety of such vocabulary exercises for a class, or eve n go on to designing a vocabulary-based syllabus149.?
      Definitions in the OWF are, as with all good dictionaries, concise150 but cle ar. They are obviously written according to a controlled defining vocabulary. Li nguistic varieties are also taken into consideration: formal/in formal labels ar e provided and, where it occurs, American English (AmE) is pointed151 out, e. g. fo r alcohol, liquor in AmE on page 10. The OWF also contains many drawings that ou tline meaning where words could not possibly do so or would require too much spa ce. Items chosen for inclusion in the OWF, along with example phrases outlining meaning are, it is assumed, based on evidence of frequency from a carefully cons22 tructed linguistic corpus, although this is not made clear.?

TEXT K
  First read the following questions.?
39. Students who wish to take courses in Dutch or French ___.?
A. should pass the TOEFL test first?
B. must speak Dutch or French fluently?
C. may receive language training?
D. must have a good command of English?
40. Belgian universities do NOT offer courses on ___.?
A. medical sciences
B. computer science?
C. political and social sciences
D. archaeology152 and art sciences?
Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 39 and 40.?
      To qualify to study in Belgium, it is essential to meet relevant requireme nts in (1) academic credentials153,  (2)linguistic skills, (3) academic objectives and (4) financial resources. Let us review these four points:?
1. Academic credentials?
Equivalence and admissibility of degrees will be assessed according to Belgian l aw and individual university regulations. Please submit a copy of your degree wi th a translation to the chosen university’s admission board. ?
2. Language skills?
Chinese students who wish to follow courses in Dutch or French must realize that  a superficial knowledge of the language will not do. The ability to speak Dutch or French is imperative154 in order to follow lectures and to pass examinations. A  preparatory year of language instruction is available in some universities for already enrolled155 students. Please apply for information at the university of you r choice. Students who wish to attend lectures in English (post-academic trainin g international courses)must of course have a good command of that language. Uni versities will inform you about their individual TOEFL requirements.?
3. Programmes?
Belgian universities offer basic academic courses, advance academic training cou rses, doctoral programmes, post-academic training and various international stud y programmes (Master’s) in the field of technology, law, economics and applied e conomics, political and social sciences, dentistry, pharmaceutical156 sciences, lan guage and literature/history, archaeology and art sciences, psychology157 and educa tional sciences, medical sciences, engineering and applied biological sciences.
4. Financing?
Although precise determination of study and living expenses depends on individua l life style, one can assess that about 350,000 Belgian Francs (BEF)( about 88,0 00 RMB) is necessary for one year’s study. This amount should include books, ho u sing, food, transport, and health insurance. It does not include registration158 fe es which can vary from about 25,000 BEF for a student under scholarship to 290,0 00 BEF for a self-financing student, according to the chosen study program.

翻译
试卷二 (120  min)??
Part Ⅳ Translation  (60  min)


SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH?

Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your tra nslation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.?
    中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足， 后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 。?
    世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生 物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果 。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者 。?
    世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自 己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。?
    中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力 学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。?

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE?

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SH EET THREE.?
    If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they m us t believe that some deaths nm on a better schedule than others. Death in old age  is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with th e passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the m easure of that life was still to be taken.?
    History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLarry Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and co mplete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only h alf playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The id ea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measure d by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity159 and virtue.

写作
Part Ⅴ  Writing  (60  min)
   Some people simply see education as going to schools or colleges, or as a m eans to secure good jobs; most people view education as a lifelong process. In y our opinion, how important is education to modem man??
  Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:?
EDUCATION AS A LIFELONG PROCESS?
    In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate deta ils. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclu sion or a summary.?
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failur e to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.?
Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

答案部分

听力原文
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION?
SECTION A TALK?

    The earliest libraries existed thousands of years ago in China and Egypt wh ere collections of records on tablets of baked clay were kept in temples and roy al palaces. In the western world, libraries were first established is Ancient Gr eece. For example, Aristotle once had a research library in the 3rd century B. C

. ? The first library in the Unites States was a private library, which could only b e used by authorized160 readers. In 1633, John Harvard gave money and more than 300 books to a newly-established college in Massachusetts. In return for his genero sity, the legislature voted the school be named Harvard College. The librarian t here set rules for the new library. Only college students and faculty members co uld use the books. No book could be lent for more than one month. ?

        The earliest public library was established in Philadelphia in 1731. Although th is library was open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscri ption fee in order to borrow books. Very few subscription libraries exist today.  Some book and stationary161 stores maintain small rental162 libraries, where anyone m ay borrow books for a daily charge. The first truly free public library that cir7 culated books to every one at no cost was started at a small New England town in  1833. Today, there are more than 7,000 free public libraries throughout the US.  They contain about 160 million books which were circulated to over 52 million r eaders.?

      Historically, the major purpose of free public libraries was educational. They were expected to provide adults with the opportunity to continue their educ ation after they left school. So the function of public library was once describ ed as “less reservoir than a fountain”. In other words, emphasis was to be pla ce d on wide circulation rather than on collecting and storing books. Over the year s public library services have greatly expanded. In addition to their continuing and important educational role, public libraries provide culture and recreation , and they are trying to fill many changing community needs. Most libraries offe r browsing rooms where readers can relax on comfortable chairs and read current newspapers and magazines. Many also circulate music records. Library programs of films, lectures, reading clubs, and concerts also attract library users. ? In addition to books, records, periodicals, and reference material, libraries pr ovide technical information such as books and pamphlets on gardening, carpentry and other specialized fields of interests. The largest public library in the US is the Library of Congress. It was originally planned as the reference library f or the federal legislature. Today in addition to that important function, it ser ves as the reference library for the public, and sends out many books to other l ibraries on inter-library-loan system.?

    Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyone, private libraries can be u sed only by authorized readers. Many industrial and scientific organizations and  business firms have collections of books, journals and research data for their staffs. Several private historical associations have research collections of spe cial interest to their members. In addition, many elementary and secondary schoo ls operate libraries for use by students and teachers. Prisons and hospitals mai ntain libraries too. ? The largest and the most important private libraries are operated by colleges an d universities, and axe used by students, faculty members, and occasionally by v isiting scholars. Many universities have special libraries for research in parti cular fields, such as law, medicine and education. Recent surveys report that me re than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries and they are regularly used by over 8 million students.?

SECTION B INTERVIEW?

(I: Interviewer N: Nancy)?

I: Hello, Nancy, I know you are one of a few women taxi drivers in the c ity now, and you drive for a living.? What made you want to be a common taxi driver in the first place??

N: I took pride in driving well, even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive. When I finally learned, it was something I reall y enjoyed and still enjoy. I remember how smart those taxi drivers have seemed driving so well, and dressed so neatly163 in their uniforms. I thought I’d like to do that myself.?

I: You really enjoy driving, I see. And how long have you been a taxi driver??

N: Eh, altogether 12 years.?

I: Mm, it’s been quite some time already, hasn’t it??

N: Yeah.?

I: Then, what did you find the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver??

N: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive. It was scary I didn ’ t know yet how to judge distance. And when a big truck came near, it seemed like  a wheel was just coming right over me. Anyway, soon I learned to judge distance . I began to look ahead, stopped worrying about trucks and about what was moving  on either side.?

I: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good taxi driver??

N: Eh, besides driving well, the most important thing to a taxi driver needs to know is the streets and I know the city well because I have lived in it for a long time. I know all the main streets, and even the side streets. And of course, you ha ve to keep updating your knowledge of the streets because the city changes. Ther e might be a new road appearing somewhere one day.?

I: Now, what about annual leaves? Do you have them??

N: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only 10 days. Now I have 3 weeks every y ear with pay.?

I: Just out of curiosity. When you go on vacation to another place or city, do y ou drive there as well??

N: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others if I go by car. I would a lso prefer to go by train or plane, if there is a choice. I have already had too  much driving in my life, so when I’m on holiday, I just want to relax.?

I: Oh, I see. Let’s come back to your work. Are there any unpleasant aspects in  your job??

N: The only serious difficulty in this work is that it’s sometimes dangerous to drive at night. But you have choices, and I always choose to work days rather than at night.?

I: What’ s the best part of your job??

N: I soon found that what I like best about the job was being outdoors, seeing h ow this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I woul d probably never have seen in another job. And I love all kinds of weather. I li ke to leave the window down in a fine rain, and, and when I have a long drive, m aybe end-of the day, I sometimes go pass my home to tell my two little children I’ll be home soon, when they always want to come along in my car.?

I: Do they? I guess kids all like to be taken for a ride sometimes.?

N: Yes, but you can not take any all along, and thus they pay or you pay for the m. So I’ve to pay their fares one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, b ecause I really think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, wit h the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At lea st that is how it’s for me.?

I: Being a taxi driver, you have to meet all kinds of people. How do you feel ab out that??

N: I enjoy meeting many different people. I might not have met some of them if n ot for this job. I learned a lot how people behave in these years.?

I: Can you tell us a bit more about it??

N: The biggest advantage is that you come across various characters in your work . Some people are interesting, some rushed, some pleasant, some funny, some talk ative, some so pressed for time that they change clothes in the taxi. Those who are in greatest rush would sometimes forget to pay.?

I: Have you ever met some people who don’t like women drivers??

N: Yeah. Once a passenger really objected to having a woman driver. That I laugh ed him so much that he stopped his fussing. Although there has been one or two c ases like this, I still think most people are nice to woman drivers. So this is really an interesting part of my work.?

I: Now my last question. Have you ever thought of changing your job??

N: Not yet. I might in a few years time, but not at this moment, because I reall y enjoy my work. And I do get lots of satisfaction out of it. So why should I??

I: Ok. Our interview is coming to the end. I’d like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck in your job. Thank you very much for your time, Nancy.?

N: Pleasure.?

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

News Item 1(For Question 11)?

    President Clinton has renewed his attacks on the American tobacco industry. Accusing of using delaying tactics to block anti-smoking legislation, the US co ngress is considering a bill which will place tight restrictions164 on tobacco adve rtising and impose penalties on tobacco companies if they continue to sell cigar ettes to children. Mr. Clinton said, it was a fight with the lives of the Amer i can children, and he urged congress to move ahead with the bill. But a spokesman f or one of the big tobacco companies called the legislation totally unreasonable165, and he said the process had become wholly politicized.??

News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)?

      The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the efforts to stimulate166 Japan’s economy during his visit to Japan which begins today. The French P r esident is no stranger to Japan. He’s visited the country 40 times before and t h is will be his second visit as President. Mr. Chirac will hold summit talks wit h Japanese Prime Minister next Monday. He is expected to discuss efforts to boos t Japanese economy as well as investment by Japanese companies in France. He’ll also meet the Emperor and Empress at a luncheon167 on Tuesday. But perhaps the event that will draw most attention is the launch of a-year-long festival of French ar t and culture in Japan. A replica168 of Arch de Triomphe that usually stands in Pad s has been transported to Tokyo Bay for the festival. And Mr. Chirac will unveil  it. The festival includes films, theatrical169 performance, dance and exhibitions,  as well as promotions170 for French food and wine, both of which are very popular in Japan.??

News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)?

      Officials of the World Food Program (WFP) say they are receiving informati on that famine has great part of central Afghanistan. WFP officials say as the w inter’s snow begins to melt and high mountain paths begin to clear, local leade r s and international aid workers are reporting some people are dying of starvatio n. Officials say a major disaster affecting hundreds of thousands of people may be in the making. The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to central Afghanista n. The UN has warned for several months that more than one million people are su ffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation. An emergency air-lift of food to central Bombay province was cancelled earlier this year when the Taliban bom bed the local airport. WFP officials say the existing food stocks in that area a re exhausted171 and an emergency effort will be launched to bring wheat and potatoe s into the area.??

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

      Good morning. Today I’d like to discuss with you the secrets of good conv ersation, that is, how to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.?

      When someone tells you that you have to give a speech, your response may b e ”I’ve got to do what? But it’s important to remember that speeches are like an ything else in life there’s always a “first time”. People, even those who are  wo nderful talkers in a conversational172 setting, are often terrified over the prospe ct of giving their first speech. Some are scared about it no matter how many spe eches they have given before. I suspect you may have the same experience, or hav e seen others in similar situations. I give speeches many times a year to groups of every possible description. My secret is simply that I think of public speak ing as no different from any other form of talk. It’s a way of sharing my thoug h t with other people. You know, in one sense, it’s actually easier than social c o nversation because you are in complete control of where the talk is going. At th e same time you have to have something to say, of course. This leads us to the f irst key of being a successful public speaker: Talk about something you know abo ut.?

    The second key to being a good speaker is to follow the motto of the Boy Sc outs-Be well prepared. Never go to a speech without some prior work on it. If yo u are talking about a subject you know well, as I’ve just advised, preparing th e  speech itself should not be too difficult. If you let the audience know where y ou’re going at the beginning, they will follow you more easily through the body of your speech. At the end of your speech, try to summarize your most important points in slightly different words from the ones you used in your opening.?

      Here are some other key tips based on my own speaking experience and what I’ve noticed in other good speakers. Look at your audience. I’ve already said ho w important it is to make eye contact. First, be sure to look up from you text o r notes. Second, don’t talk to the wall in the back, or to the window or to the side. They are not your audience. Each time you look up from your text, look at a different part of the audience, so the whole group feels they’re being addres s ed. Note the pacing and inflection you want to use in speech. Some speakers, if they’re reading from a complete text, underline the words they want to emphasiz e . If you are using an outline or notes, highlight ideas or phrases you should st ress in your speech with different-colored pen or something. This accomplishes t wo things: It guarantees that your emphasis will be where you intended it to be, and it assures your audience that you won’t be speaking in a dull monotone tha t will put them to sleep, especially if you’re talking after a heavy meal. Stand up straight. I don’ t mean that you have to assume a parade ground posture173, but stand in a comfortable, natural way rather than hunching175 over the lectern. Hunch174 ing constricts176 your breathing, and it makes you look bad as well. If there’s a m icrophone in front of you, adjust it to the right height rather than forcing you rself to stoop during the speech. If you can, check this out before it’s your t u rn to speak. Talk normally into the microphone. If you speak at a high volume in to it, you will actually be harder to hear. And be careful to keep your mouth in the range of the mike; don’t wave around or turn away to answer a question fro m the side. ?

    Last but not the least, a speaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity.  It’s not easy to be brief, especially on a topic you know a lot about. But in a ny kind of communication, it’s always worth taking the time to boil your messag e down to its essentials. That emphasis on brevity applies even more when you are delivering a speech. The show business expression “know when to get off” come s into play again. And the best public speakers always know when. Some of the long est speeches ever inflicted177 on the American public have been the inaugural addre sses of their presidents. However one of the shortest inaugural addresses is als o one of the best remembered and most often quoted. It was delivered on January 20,1960 by John F. Kennedy. Kennedy spoke83 for less than 15 minutes. We can learn  from these speakers, whose ability to talk effectively was central to their suc cess, as is the case with so many successful people in every profession. Brevity  is the first thing we can learn from them. If people like Kennedy are willing t o keep it short to maximize their effectiveness as speakers, we should be smart enough to do the same thing.?

      To sum up, I’ve mentioned several key points in becoming a successful pub l ic speaker, such as good preparation, audience awareness178, brevity, etc. I hope y ou find them very useful in making your speeches effective. Thank you.?


PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENTION?

SECTION A TALK?

1.答案：B?

【问句译文】是谁起草了美国第一所私人图书馆的规章制度的？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】由谈话可知，哈佛投资建成了美国的第一所私人图书馆，但是“The librarian there set rules for the new library.”故答案选B。?

2.答案：D?

【问句译文】最早的公共图书馆也被称为捐献图书馆，因为那里的图书如何？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】在介绍建于1731的第一所公共图书馆时，谈话者说“Although this library wa s open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscription fee in order to borrow books.”由此可知，所有借书者必须交纳一定的会费，故答案选D。  ?

3.答案：A?

【问句译文】下列哪一项不是建立公共图书馆的目的？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?

【详细解答】这四个选项在录音中都提到了，但是“comfortable reading rooms”只是图书 馆提供的服务，不是建立的目的，故答案选A。?

4.答案：A?

【问句译文】现代私人图书馆和公共图书馆的主要区别是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyon e, private libraries can be used only by authorized readers.”由此可知，私人图书 馆只供特定的读者阅读，而公共图书馆则面向所有的读者。故答案选A。?

5.答案：C?

【问句译文】该谈话的目的是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?

【详细解答】这段录音是对美国的私人图书馆和公共图书馆作比较，介绍了不同类的图书馆的 功用。故答案选C。?

SECTION B INTERVIEW?

6.答案：D?

【问句译文】南茜为何成了出租车司机？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】采访者一开始就问南茜这个问题，她的回答是“…even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive.”由此可知，当一名司机是南茜 儿时的梦想，故答案选D。?

7.答案：B?

【问句译文】根据她所说的，成为一名出租车司机最难的是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“It was scary I didn’t know yet how to judge distan ce.”这就是她所说到的难事，故答案选B。?

8.答案：B?

【问句译文】就她的工作而言，南茜最喜欢的是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】当采访者问到她工作的最大优点时，南茜说道“I like best about the job wa s being outdoors, seeing how this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I would probably never have seen in another job.”由此可知， 她非常喜欢车窗外的各种景色。故答案选B。?

9.答案：C?

【问句译文】由采访可以推知，南茜是一位什么样的母亲？?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。?

【详细解答】当采访者说她的孩子们一定喜欢经常坐她的车时，南茜的回答是“So I’ve to p ay their fates one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, because I really  think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, with the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At least that is how it’s for me.”由此可知南茜是一位对孩子非常慈爱的母亲。故答案选C。?

10.答案：D?

【问句译文】南茜遇到的都是什么人?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】南茜说她喜欢接触不同个性的人，如“Some people are interesting, some ru shed, some pleasant, some funny, some talkative, some so pressed for time that t hey change clothes in the taxi.”由此可知，她所遇到的人个性各不相同。故答案选D。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

News Item 1?

11.答案：D?

【问句译文】美国制定禁烟法的主要目的是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】本题可从克林顿的话中得出答案，“It was a fight with the lives of the A merican children,…”即制定禁烟法是为了保护儿童。故答案选D。?

News Item 2?

12.答案：C?

【问句译文】法国总统访问日本的目的是什么？?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?

【详细解答】新闻首句说“The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the effo rts to stimulate the Japan’s economy during his visit to Japan which begins toda y.”因此答案选C。?

13.答案：D?

【问句译文】这是Jacques Chime第几次访问日本？?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。?

【详细解答】根据新闻中：“He’s visited the country 40 times before and this would be his second visit as President.”由此可知，他以前曾访问过40次，那么这次即是第4 1次。?

注意点：要区别，以总统身份，这是他第二次访问日本。?

News Item 3?

14.答案：C?

【问句译文】阿富汗人民为和遭受饥荒？?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?

【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to centra l Afghanistan.”由此可知，是由于塔利班封锁食品发放所造成的。故答案选C。?

15.答案：A?

【问句译文】有多少阿富汗人正面临饥饿？?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】新闻中说“The UN has warned for several months that more than one mill ion people are suffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation.”故答案选A。

注意点：要区别受封锁的人数与受饥饿的人数。?

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

1.答案：talk    ?

【详细解答】有人害怕演讲，于是讲话者根据自己的经验说“My secret is simply that I t hink of public speaking as no different from any other form of talk.”?

2.答案：share    ?

【详细解答】只要听清关键句“It’s a way of sharing my thought with other people.” 就可知道此处应填原形动词share。?

3.答案：subject    ?

【详细解答】根据关键句“If you are talking about a subject you know well, as I’ve just advised, preparing the speech itself should not be too difficult.”这里说的 是自由决定演讲的主题（subject）。?

4.答案：knowledge    ?

【详细解答】在谈到如何取得演讲的成功时，第一要点是“Talk about something you know about.”也就是要掌握“knowledge of the subject matter”。?

5.答案：theme／idea?

【详细解答】录音中说“If you let the audience know where you’re going at the begin ning, they will follow you more easily through the body of your speech.”这句话 告诉了我们演讲一开始就告知听众主题“theme／idea”的重要性。?

6.答案：speaking ?

【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的其他要点时说“Note the pacing and inflecti on you want to use in speech.”即要注意演讲语速（the speed of speaking）的变化。

7.答案：comfort ?

【详细解答】录音中提到要调整麦克风的高度，“If there’s a microphone in front of yo u, adjust it to the right height rather than forcing yourself to stoop during th e speech.”这样做的目的是为了让你在演讲过程中感觉舒服（comfort）。?

8.答案：short ?

【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的最后一点时说“Last but not the least, a sp eaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity.”这里的brevity意为shortness，即t ry to make your message short。?

9.答案：shortest    ?

【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的最后一点时举例说“However one of the short est inaugural addresses is also one of the best remembered and most often quoted .”由此可知，此处应填写shortest。 ?

10.答案：success?

【详细解答】谈话者以美国总统肯尼迪的著名演讲仅用时15分钟为例，旨在说明演讲要尽量简 洁。即简洁是成功（success）的关键。

改错
1.答案： the?
【详细解答】本句中的most为副词，修饰形容词obvious，意为“十分，非常”，由于obvious 不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。?
2.答案：but→and?
【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。?
3.答案：in→to?
【详细解答】as opposed to为固定搭配，意为“与……对照，与……相比”。?
4.答案：misled→misleading?
【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用m islead的现在分词表示主动的含义。?
5.答案：away?
【详细解答】far away from意为“距离某处很远”，而far from being则意为“远不是，远 够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语far from being。?
6.答案：single→only?
【详细解答】此处用only修饰vehicle比用single更符合习惯用法。?
7.答案：as→in?
【详细解答】本句中的介词in表示“在……方面”，as则无此意。?
8.答案：mean→means?
【详细解答】by no means为固定搭配，意为“丝毫不，绝不”。?
9.答案：have∧→such?
【详细解答】such as是常见表达方式，用来举例说明。?
10.答案：obscurity→obscurities?
【详细解答】a number of 意为“大量的”，应修饰可数名词复数形式。

阅读理解 A

SECTION A?
TEXT A  ?
短文大意：本文是有关丹麦社会秩序的介绍。?
16.答案：B?
【参考译文】作者认为丹麦人对他们的国家持什么样的态度？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段首句说“Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.”由此可知，丹麦人对他们的国家持谦虚态度， 故答案选B。?
17.答案：A?
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是文中所评价的丹麦人的特征？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“…and despite all the English that Danish absorbs — there is no Danish Academy to defend against it — old dialects persist in J utland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners.”由此可知，丹麦是一个在语 言上有容忍性的国家，故可排除选项C；下一句接着说“It is the land where, as the sa ying goes,“ Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is str uck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,…”由此可知丹麦社会是个人人平等的 社会，故可排除选项B；由本段最后一句“It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains r un on time. Things operate well in general.”可知，丹麦是个有秩序守时的国家，故 可排除选项D。文中并没有提到丹麦人喜欢外国文化，故选项A为正确答案。?
18.答案：D?
【参考译文】作者对工商业部长所说的话的反应是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】工商部长在讲话中说到丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，没有污染，没有 犯罪与贫穷等等，作者并没有直接地表达自己的态度，而是列举了一些与该部长谈话相反的 社会现象，由此可知，作者是持怀疑的态度，故答案选D。?
19.答案：C?
【参考译文】根据该短文，丹麦社会的井然有序怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第四段中说到“Orderliness is a main selling point.”由于丹麦缺乏自 然资源，井然有序的社会秩序对该国经济发展起到重要作用，故选项C为正确答案。?
20.答案：D?
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是作者在文中最后一段陈述的内容？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】由本段第三句“The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone,… ”，可排除选项A；由第二句中的“…you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re e ntitled to,…”可排除选项B；由最后一句“the orderliness of the system makes it p ossible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.”可排除选项C。本段并没有提到“井然有序的社会秩序有可能减轻失业 问题”，故答案选D。?
TEXT B  ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是三类使用英语的人。?
21.答案：D?
【参考译文】自信类的人对语言的态度如何？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第三段在谈到自信类的人时说“…who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable179 form of English: no fear of being critici zed or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech tha t characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.”由此 可知，自信类的人总是泰然自若、无所畏惧的样子，故答案选D。?
22.答案：B?
【参考译文】为何焦虑类的人被认为是不幸的？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第五段第三句说“They live their lives in some degree of nervousnes s over their grammar,…”第六段第二句说“Their lot is also the open or veiled co ntempt of the ‘assured’on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the oth er.”由此可知，内外受困使得焦虑类的人成为不幸者，故答案选B。?
23.答案：D?
【参考译文】作者认为应该如何看待焦虑者为实现他心中的好英语所做出的努力？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文最后一段首句说“It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at t he anxious.”这些人可能会在语言方面花费过多的精力，以致被英语的各种形式所困扰。 作者认为这些做法是不明智的。故答案选D“不合理的，荒谬的”。?
TEXT C  ?
短文大意：本文是对著名广播节目主持人库克的一生的评论。?
24.答案：C?
【参考译文】短文的开头，作者似乎对库克的哪一方面进行了批评？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第二段首句中说“…it should be reflected that the real snob is Coo ke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them.” 这句话表明作者对于库克放 弃英国护照的做法是持批评态度，认为这一点是不能容忍的，故答案选C。?
25.答案：B?
【参考译文】不能用下列哪一个形容词来描述库克？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文第一段描写的是库克过90岁生日的盛况，由此可知库克相当有名，故可首先 排除选项D；短文最后一段第二句说“His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to se e his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment.”由此 可知他的傲慢个性，故可排除选项C；这里接着说“His defenders said he could not hel p living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief among them.”由此可知他是一位保守人物，故可排除选项A ；全文没有提到他的“真诚”一面，故答案选B。?
26.答案：C?
【参考译文】在评论库克的一生和他的职业时，作者的语气有点怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】文中在谈到库克的事业成功给予了肯定。而当谈到他的国籍、婚姻、军队中性犯 罪、为人处事等问题时，作者提出了极其严厉地批评。故选项C“尖锐的，讽刺的”为正确 答案。?
TEXT D ?
短文大意：本文主要是对Duffy先生得知旧情人死讯后心情的描写。?
27.答案：A?
【参考译文】当Duffy先生看到有关那位女士死亡的报道时，他的第一反应是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段第三句说“The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. ”这里两次用到revolt（厌恶，反感）一词，因此答案选A。?
28.答案：C?
【参考译文】从文章中能推断出记者在报道该女土死亡时用的什么方式？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段第四句说“The cautious words of a reporter won over to conce al the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach.”由此可知选项 C“谨慎的”为正确答案。?
29.答案：D?
【参考译文】我们可以从文章最后一段推断出Duffy先生的心情如何？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文最后—段提到，当Duffy先生坐在房间里回想与“她”的往事的时，“He be gan to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame?”从这里我们可以看出他处于一种自责、懊悔的情绪之中。故选项D“懊悔的” 为正确答案。?
30.答案：C?
【参考译文】根据该短文，下列哪一种说法是不正确的？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文第一段第四句说“…he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred .”，由此可知他曾经十分信任她，故可排除选项A。第六句说“Not merely had she degra ded herself, she had degraded him.”这表明他感到非常羞耻，故可排除选项B；该段还 提到Duffy先生和“她”发生了一次激烈的争吵，于是他提出分手，最后一句说“He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.”这表明是Duffy先生想要 结束他们之间的关系。故答案选项C。
阅读理解 B

TEXT E  ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是比尔·盖茨的教育观，强调了学校教育的重要性。?
31.答案：C?
【参考译文】在该短文中，比尔·盖茨主要讨论了什么？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】快速阅读全文，便知谈的是学校教育。短文第二段比尔·盖茨说道“Get the be st education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to le arn.”故这篇短文主要讨论的是“教育的重要性”。?
TEXT F  ?
短文大意：本文主要论述的是伦敦在当今社会的重要地位。?
32.答案：D?
【参考译文】这篇文章着重论述了什么？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】这篇文章从三个方面论述了伦敦地位的重要性：重要的港口城市、最大的制造中 心以及国内国际商贸中心。在回顾伦敦历史的同时，又提到伦敦的现状。故选项D为正确答 案。?
TEXT G  ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是网络技术的发展对印刷业带来的冲击。?
33.答案：A?
【参考译文】本文的写作目的是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段最后一句首先引出话题“The very existence of paper copy has b een brought into question once more.”接着文中从四个方面论述了网络技术给印刷业所 带来的影响。故答案选A。?
TEXT H  ?
短文大意：这篇短文是有关Owen先生所著书的书评。?
34.答案：B?
【参考译文】评论者对（Owen先生的）书的态度如何？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】本文先介绍的是Owen先生的书的内容，指出了值得肯定的方面，接着谈到书中的 不足之处。作者知识客观地去评论。故答案选B。?
TEXT I  ?
短文大意：本文介绍的是《读者文摘》改版后的内容、原因以及人们对它的看法。?
35.答案：D?
【参考译文】该杂志的目录是何时放在封底的？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“For a couple of years in the 1960s, Willcox said, the table of contents was shifted to the back cover.”，由此可知，时间为二十世纪 六十年代。?
36.答案：A?
【参考译文】该杂志为何受到指责？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第三段第三句说“Publishing industry executives and Wall Street ana lysts have criticized the magazine for failing to attract the next generation of readers.”由此可知，不能吸引年青人是其受到指责的原因。故答案选A。?
TEXT J ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是Oxford Wordfinder（OWF）这部字典的诸多优点。?
37.答案：A?
【参考译文】OWF与Longman Activator这两部字典的词汇怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第二段开头说“The OWF is based upon similar lines to the ground br eaking Longman Activator in that words in each dictionary are not simply listed in alphabetical order.”由此可知，这两部字典除了按字母表顺序排列单词之外，还根据 词意、用法的异同排列。故答案选A。?
38.答案：B?
【参考译文】要查到一个意为“boiling with a low heat”的词，你可能首先翻到第几页？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。? 详细解答短文第四段第二句说“Let’s say the learner wishes to know the correct wor d for “boiling with a low heat”. The intermediate learner, who will probably beg in her search under “Cook” on page 99,…”由此可知，正确答案为B。?
TEXT K  ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是留学比利时的条件。?
39.答案：C?
【参考译文】那些想去荷兰或法国读书的学生应该怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】首先快速查找有关“Dutch or French”的文字，发现它在Language skills中， 由此可知，这些学生可能要接受语言培训。故答案选C。?
40.答案：B?
【参考译文】比利时大学不开设什么课程？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】快速查找programmes项，可分别查到选项A、C和D，只有选项B没有提到，故为正 确答案。

翻译
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION?
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH?
    The first-generation museums in the world are museums of natural history. W ith fossils and specimens180 they introduce to people the evolution of the earth an d various living organisms on it. The second-generation museums are those of ind ustrial technology. Fruits of various stages of industrial civilization are on d isplay here. Although these two generations of muslins have played the role of s preading scientific knowledge, they regard visitors as passive spectators.?
    The world’s third-generation museums are full of completely new concepts. H ere visitors can carry out operations and careful observations themselves. In th is way they come closer to advanced achievements in science and technology so as to probe their mystery.?
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE?
        提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者美好时光尚未到来，一生之评说尚未做出。然而，历史却否认这点,提起杰出的早逝者，人们定会亿起玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆士·迪恩。两人生命短暂，却完美无缺。诗人约翰·济慈26岁与世长辞，作家们对此难以接受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这—观念荒谬无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、它的贡献及它的美德。

写作
Education as a Lifelong Process?
    When education is mentioned, we can easily think of school, colleges and yo ung people. In fact, education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process.?
    First, it’s the requirement of fast-developing society, to accept education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in 7 0s or 80s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems  might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an acco untant now must master the skills of accounting181 through computers, which is the basic tools for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer.  No matter how old is he.?
    Secondly182, education creates human character and moralities. Through educati on, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may lear n new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can beco me stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure by accepting education.?
    Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone the chance to accept educa tion. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, ad ult colleges, training centers and even long-distance education through Internet and TV.?
    In one word, knowledge is limitless. And life is limited. So education is a lifelong process.?
本套真题测试的语言重点：
重点单词：?
improviser  即兴诗人，即兴演讲者，即席演出者?
distributor  发行人?
stratification  层化，阶层的形成?
downright  明白的，明显的?
frenzy  狂暴，狂怒?
adherent  信徒，追随者，拥护者?
benighted  愚昧的?
jeopardize  危害?
重点词组：?
persist in  坚持?
creep into  开始发生于，溜进……?
drop out of  退出……,不参与……?
cut out  切掉, 取代, 停止

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1 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
2 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的
参考例句：
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
3 faculty HhkzK     
n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句：
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
4 subscription qH8zt     
n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方）
参考例句：
  • We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly.我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
  • Subscription selling bloomed splendidly.订阅销售量激增。
5 specialized Chuzwe     
adj.专门的，专业化的
参考例句：
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
6 modem sEaxr     
n.调制解调器
参考例句：
  • Does your computer have a modem?你的电脑有调制解调器吗？
  • Provides a connection to your computer via a modem.通过调制解调器连接到计算机上。
7 cir 200a0788aebd9afa51a778331cb0d3c8     
abbr.circular 通知；circulation （货币，货物等的）流通；circle 圆；circa (Latin=about) （拉丁语）大约
参考例句：
  • The regime-switching model about interest rate extends Vasicek and CIR models. 利率的结构转换模型是对Vasicek模型和CIR模型的推广。 来自互联网
  • The CIR blending DFS algorithm is introduced. 介绍了CIR混合动态频率选择 (DFS)算法 。 来自互联网
8 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
9 maneuvering maneuvering     
v.移动，用策略( maneuver的现在分词 )；操纵
参考例句：
  • This Manstein did, with some brilliant maneuvering under the worse winter conditions. 曼施坦因在最恶劣的严冬条件下，出色地施展了灵活机动的战术，终于完成了任务。 来自辞典例句
  • In short, large goals required farsighted policies, not tactical maneuvering. 一句话，大的目标需要有高瞻远瞩的政策，玩弄策略是不行的。 来自辞典例句
10 moth a10y1     
n.蛾，蛀虫
参考例句：
  • A moth was fluttering round the lamp.有一只蛾子扑打着翅膀绕着灯飞。
  • The sweater is moth-eaten.毛衣让蛀虫咬坏了。
11 tighten 9oYwI     
v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧
参考例句：
  • Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
  • Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。
12 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的
参考例句：
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
13 stimulating ShBz7A     
adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的
参考例句：
  • shower gel containing plant extracts that have a stimulating effect on the skin 含有对皮肤有益的植物精华的沐浴凝胶
  • This is a drug for stimulating nerves. 这是一种兴奋剂。
14 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的
参考例句：
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
15 aged 6zWzdI     
adj.年老的，陈年的
参考例句：
  • He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
  • He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。
16 ware sh9wZ     
n.(常用复数)商品，货物
参考例句：
  • The shop sells a great variety of porcelain ware.这家店铺出售品种繁多的瓷器。
  • Good ware will never want a chapman.好货不须叫卖。
17 inaugural 7cRzQ     
adj.就职的；n.就职典礼
参考例句：
  • We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
  • Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。
18 proofread ekszrH     
vt.校正，校对
参考例句：
  • I didn't even have the chance to proofread my own report.我甚至没有机会校对自己的报告。
  • Before handing in his application to his teacher,he proofread it again.交给老师之前，他又将申请书补正了一遍。
19 proofreading dbf4e2729ffc7098a6c478afffebd64e     
校对，校勘( proofread的现在分词 )； 做校对工作； 校读
参考例句：
  • Martha, when can you finish proofreading the script? 玛莎，你什么时候可以校对完剧本？ 来自轻松英语会话---联想3000词(上)
  • Attention, an important factor in editing and proofreading, affects editing quality directly. 注意力是编校过程中重要的心理因素，直接影响编辑质量。
20 slash Hrsyq     
vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩
参考例句：
  • The shop plans to slash fur prices after Spring Festival.该店计划在春节之后把皮货降价。
  • Don't slash your horse in that cruel way.不要那样残忍地鞭打你的马。
21 vile YLWz0     
adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的
参考例句：
  • Who could have carried out such a vile attack?会是谁发起这么卑鄙的攻击呢？
  • Her talk was full of vile curses.她的话里充满着恶毒的咒骂。
22 cons eec38a6d10735a91d1247a80b5e213a6     
n.欺骗，骗局( con的名词复数 )v.诈骗，哄骗( con的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • The pros and cons cancel out. 正反两种意见抵消。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • We should hear all the pros and cons of the matter before we make a decision. 我们在对这事做出决定之前，应该先听取正反两方面的意见。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 considerably 0YWyQ     
adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上
参考例句：
  • The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
  • The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。
24 illustrated 2a891807ad5907f0499171bb879a36aa     
adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
  • The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。
25 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力
参考例句：
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
26 virtues cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53     
美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处
参考例句：
  • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
  • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
27 weird bghw8     
adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的
参考例句：
  • From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来，他好像有点怪。
  • His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
28 axe 2oVyI     
n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减
参考例句：
  • Be careful with that sharp axe.那把斧子很锋利，你要当心。
  • The edge of this axe has turned.这把斧子卷了刃了。
29 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部；牧师
参考例句：
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
30 gutters 498deb49a59c1db2896b69c1523f128c     
（路边）排水沟( gutter的名词复数 )； 阴沟； （屋顶的）天沟； 贫贱的境地
参考例句：
  • Gutters lead the water into the ditch. 排水沟把水排到这条水沟里。
  • They were born, they grew up in the gutters. 他们生了下来，以后就在街头长大。
31 barley 2dQyq     
n.大麦，大麦粒
参考例句：
  • They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
  • He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。
32 curb LmRyy     
n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制
参考例句：
  • I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
  • You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。
33 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句：
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
34 broker ESjyi     
n.中间人，经纪人；v.作为中间人来安排
参考例句：
  • He baited the broker by promises of higher commissions.他答应给更高的佣金来引诱那位经纪人。
  • I'm a real estate broker.我是不动产经纪人。
35 utterly ZfpzM1     
adv.完全地，绝对地
参考例句：
  • Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
  • I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。
36 seaports 22265e136112321fc4d0c90878592e02     
n.海港( seaport的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Airports have joined seaports as ports of entry for the visiting foreigner. 机场和海港一样成为来访的外国人的入境关口。 来自互联网
  • Sanya has 16 seaports, 10 islands and 180km of coastline. 三亚有16个港口、10个海岛和180公里的海岸线。 来自互联网
37 feuds 7bdb739907464aa302e14a39815b23c0     
n.长期不和，世仇( feud的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Quarrels and feuds between tribes became incessant. 部落间的争吵、反目成仇的事件接连不断。 来自英汉非文学 - 文明史
  • There were feuds in the palace, no one can deny. 宫里也有斗争，这是无可否认的。 来自辞典例句
38 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地
参考例句：
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
39 exempt wmgxo     
adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者
参考例句：
  • These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
  • He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。
40 citizenship AV3yA     
n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)
参考例句：
  • He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
  • Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。
41 linguistic k0zxn     
adj.语言的，语言学的
参考例句：
  • She is pursuing her linguistic researches.她在从事语言学的研究。
  • The ability to write is a supreme test of linguistic competence.写作能力是对语言能力的最高形式的测试。
42 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差
参考例句：
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
43 persistent BSUzg     
adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的
参考例句：
  • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。
44 besetting 85f0362e7fd8b00cc5e729aa394fcf2f     
adj.不断攻击的v.困扰( beset的现在分词 )；不断围攻；镶；嵌
参考例句：
  • Laziness is my besetting sin. 懒惰是我积重难返的恶习。 来自辞典例句
  • His besetting sin is laziness. 他所易犯的毛病就是懒惰。 来自辞典例句
45 alleviated a4745257ebd55707de96128297f486e1     
减轻，缓解，缓和( alleviate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • It is always completely alleviated by total gastrectomy. 全胃切除永远完全缓解症状。
  • Toxicity problem in manufacturing and storage might be alleviated by coating beryllium with aluminum. 但如果用铝包覆铍，则可避免加工过程中及储存期间的中毒问题。
46 pundits 4813757cd059c9e2328eac9ecbfb70d1     
n.某一学科的权威，专家( pundit的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。 来自辞典例句
  • That did not stop Chinese pundits from making a fuss over it. 这并没有阻止中国的博学之士对此大惊小怪。 来自互联网
47 novice 1H4x1     
adj.新手的，生手的
参考例句：
  • As a novice writer,this is something I'm interested in.作为初涉写作的人，我对此很感兴趣。
  • She realized that she was a novice.她知道自己初出茅庐。
48 displeased 1uFz5L     
a.不快的
参考例句：
  • The old man was displeased and darted an angry look at me. 老人不高兴了，瞪了我一眼。
  • He was displeased about the whole affair. 他对整个事情感到很不高兴。
49 irritation la9zf     
n.激怒，恼怒，生气
参考例句：
  • He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。
  • Barbicane said nothing,but his silence covered serious irritation.巴比康什么也不说，但是他的沉默里潜伏着阴郁的怒火。
50 condemnation 2pSzp     
n.谴责; 定罪
参考例句：
  • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
  • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
51 imperturbable dcQzG     
adj.镇静的
参考例句：
  • Thomas,of course,was cool and aloof and imperturbable.当然，托马斯沉着、冷漠，不易激动。
  • Edward was a model of good temper and his equanimity imperturbable.爱德华是个典型的好性子，他总是沉着镇定。
52 condemned condemned     
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
  • The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。
53 supremely MhpzUo     
adv.无上地，崇高地
参考例句：
  • They managed it all supremely well. 这件事他们干得极其出色。
  • I consider a supremely beautiful gesture. 我觉得这是非常优雅的姿态。
54 curiously 3v0zIc     
adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地
参考例句：
  • He looked curiously at the people.他好奇地看着那些人。
  • He took long stealthy strides. His hands were curiously cold.他迈着悄没声息的大步。他的双手出奇地冷。
55 actively lzezni     
adv.积极地，勤奋地
参考例句：
  • During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
  • We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。
56 stilted 5Gaz0     
adj.虚饰的；夸张的
参考例句：
  • All too soon the stilted conversation ran out.很快这种做作的交谈就结束了。
  • His delivery was stilted and occasionally stumbling.他的发言很生硬，有时还打结巴。
57 bent QQ8yD     
n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的
参考例句：
  • He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
  • We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。
58 variant GfuzRt     
adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体
参考例句：
  • We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
  • In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。
59 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过
参考例句：
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
60 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的，假装的
参考例句：
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
61 frenzy jQbzs     
n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动
参考例句：
  • He was able to work the young students up into a frenzy.他能激起青年学生的狂热。
  • They were singing in a frenzy of joy.他们欣喜若狂地高声歌唱。
62 irrational UaDzl     
adj.无理性的，失去理性的
参考例句：
  • After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
  • There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。
63 snob YFMzo     
n.势利小人，自以为高雅、有学问的人
参考例句：
  • Going to a private school had made her a snob.上私立学校后，她变得很势利。
  • If you think that way, you are a snob already.如果你那样想的话，你已经是势利小人了。
64 snobbish UhCyE     
adj.势利的，谄上欺下的
参考例句：
  • She's much too snobbish to stay at that plain hotel.她很势利，不愿住在那个普通旅馆。
  • I'd expected her to be snobbish but she was warm and friendly.我原以为她会非常势利，但她却非常热情和友好。
65 humble ddjzU     
adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低
参考例句：
  • In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
  • Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。
66 opted 9ec34da056d6601471a0808ebc89b126     
v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
  • After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。
67 renounce 8BNzi     
v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系
参考例句：
  • She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。
  • It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
68 monologue sElx2     
n.长篇大论，（戏剧等中的）独白
参考例句：
  • The comedian gave a long monologue of jokes.喜剧演员讲了一长段由笑话组成的独白。
  • He went into a long monologue.他一个人滔滔不绝地讲话。
69 devoted xu9zka     
adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的
参考例句：
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
70 adherents a7d1f4a0ad662df68ab1a5f1828bd8d9     
n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙
参考例句：
  • He is a leader with many adherents. 他是个有众多追随者的领袖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The proposal is gaining more and more adherents. 该建议得到越来越多的支持者。 来自《简明英汉词典》
71 celebrities d38f03cca59ea1056c17b4467ee0b769     
n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉
参考例句：
  • He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
  • a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目
72 briefly 9Styo     
adv.简单地，简短地
参考例句：
  • I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
73 comedian jWfyW     
n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员
参考例句：
  • The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.喜剧演员的笑话把人们逗乐了。
  • The comedian enjoyed great popularity during the 30's.那位喜剧演员在三十年代非常走红。
74 raped 7a6e3e7dd30eb1e3b61716af0e54d4a2     
v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸
参考例句：
  • A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
  • We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句
75 arrogance pNpyD     
n.傲慢，自大
参考例句：
  • His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes.他每次讲话都表现得骄傲自大。
  • Arrogance arrested his progress.骄傲阻碍了他的进步。
76 detriment zlHzx     
n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源
参考例句：
  • Smoking is a detriment to one's health.吸烟危害健康。
  • His lack of education is a serious detriment to his career.他的未受教育对他的事业是一种严重的妨碍。
77 defenders fe417584d64537baa7cd5e48222ccdf8     
n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者
参考例句：
  • The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众，只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
78 dubiously dubiously     
adv.可疑地，怀疑地
参考例句：
  • "What does he have to do?" queried Chin dubiously. “他有什么心事？”琴向觉民问道，她的脸上现出疑惑不解的神情。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）
  • He walked out fast, leaving the head waiter staring dubiously at the flimsy blue paper. 他很快地走出去，撇下侍者头儿半信半疑地瞪着这张薄薄的蓝纸。 来自辞典例句
79 raconteur oTVxy     
n.善讲故事者
参考例句：
  • The raconteur mentioned that the quotation was from the Bible.说故事的那位个人，指出那句话是出自圣经。
  • His grandfather was a fine raconteur.他的祖父是位很好讲故事的人。
80 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
参考例句：
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
81 scathing 2Dmzu     
adj.（言词、文章）严厉的，尖刻的；不留情的adv.严厉地，尖刻地v.伤害，损害（尤指使之枯萎）( scathe的现在分词)
参考例句：
  • a scathing attack on the new management 针对新的管理层的猛烈抨击
  • Her speech was a scathing indictment of the government's record on crime. 她的演讲强烈指责了政府在犯罪问题上的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
82 narrative CFmxS     
n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的
参考例句：
  • He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
  • Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
83 spoke XryyC     
n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说
参考例句：
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
84 conceal DpYzt     
v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽
参考例句：
  • He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。
  • He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。
85 wretches 279ac1104342e09faf6a011b43f12d57     
n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋
参考例句：
  • The little wretches were all bedraggledfrom some roguery. 小淘气们由于恶作剧而弄得脏乎乎的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The best courage for us poor wretches is to fly from danger. 对我们这些可怜虫说来，最好的出路还是躲避危险。 来自辞典例句
86 prey g1czH     
n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨
参考例句：
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
87 wrecks 8d69da0aee97ed3f7157e10ff9dbd4ae     
n.沉船( wreck的名词复数 )；（事故中）遭严重毁坏的汽车（或飞机等）；（身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人；状况非常糟糕的车辆（或建筑物等）v.毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的第三人称单数 )；使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉
参考例句：
  • The shores are strewn with wrecks. 海岸上满布失事船只的残骸。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • My next care was to get together the wrecks of my fortune. 第二件我所关心的事就是集聚破产后的余财。 来自辞典例句
88 chapel UXNzg     
n.小教堂，殡仪馆
参考例句：
  • The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
  • She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。
89 proprietor zR2x5     
n.所有人；业主；经营者
参考例句：
  • The proprietor was an old acquaintance of his.业主是他的一位旧相识。
  • The proprietor of the corner grocery was a strange thing in my life.拐角杂货店店主是我生活中的一个怪物。
90 obsequiously 09ac939bd60863e6d9b9fc527330e0fb     
参考例句：
  • You must guard against those who fawn upon you and bow obsequiously before you! 对阿谀奉承、点头哈腰的人要格外警惕！ 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • When everyone saw the mayor, they all bowed obsequiously – he was the only exception. 所有人见到市长都点头哈腰，只有他是个例外。 来自互联网
91 intervals f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息
参考例句：
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴，有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
92 pint 1NNxL     
n.品脱
参考例句：
  • I'll have a pint of beer and a packet of crisps, please.我要一品脱啤酒和一袋炸马铃薯片。
  • In the old days you could get a pint of beer for a shilling.从前，花一先令就可以买到一品脱啤酒。
93 sprawled 6cc8223777584147c0ae6b08b9304472     
v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的过去式和过去分词)；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）
参考例句：
  • He was sprawled full-length across the bed. 他手脚摊开横躺在床上。
  • He was lying sprawled in an armchair, watching TV. 他四肢伸开正懒散地靠在扶手椅上看电视。
94 evoking e8ded81fad5a5e31b49da2070adc1faa     
产生，引起，唤起( evoke的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Some occur in organisms without evoking symptoms. 一些存在于生物体中，但不发生症状。
  • Nowadays, the protection of traditional knowledge is evoking heat discussion worldwide. 目前，全球都掀起了保护传统知识的热潮。
95 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
96 compassion 3q2zZ     
n.同情，怜悯
参考例句：
  • He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
  • Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
97 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的
参考例句：
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
98 remorseful IBBzo     
adj.悔恨的
参考例句：
  • He represented to the court that the accused was very remorseful.他代被告向法庭陈情说被告十分懊悔。
  • The minister well knew--subtle,but remorseful hypocrite that he was!牧师深知这一切——他是一个多么难以捉摸又懊悔不迭的伪君子啊！
99 rue 8DGy6     
n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔
参考例句：
  • You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
  • You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。
100 confided 724f3f12e93e38bec4dda1e47c06c3b1     
v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等）
参考例句：
  • She confided all her secrets to her best friend. 她向她最要好的朋友倾吐了自己所有的秘密。
  • He confided to me that he had spent five years in prison. 他私下向我透露，他蹲过五年监狱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
101 estranged estranged     
adj.疏远的，分离的
参考例句：
  • He became estranged from his family after the argument.那场争吵后他便与家人疏远了。
  • The argument estranged him from his brother.争吵使他同他的兄弟之间的关系疏远了。
102 full-time SsBz42     
adj.满工作日的或工作周的，全时间的
参考例句：
  • A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
  • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。
103 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态
参考例句：
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
104 specialty SrGy7     
n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长
参考例句：
  • Shell carvings are a specialty of the town.贝雕是该城的特产。
  • His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。
105 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系，相关，关连
参考例句：
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
106 livelihoods 53a2f8716b41c07918d6fc5d944b18a5     
生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。
107 looms 802b73dd60a3cebff17088fed01c2705     
n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近
参考例句：
  • All were busily engaged,men at their ploughs,women at their looms. 大家都很忙，男的耕田，女的织布。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The factory has twenty-five looms. 那家工厂有25台织布机。 来自《简明英汉词典》
108 prosper iRrxC     
v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣
参考例句：
  • With her at the wheel,the company began to prosper.有了她当主管，公司开始兴旺起来。
  • It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper.我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。
109 dwindled b4a0c814a8e67ec80c5f9a6cf7853aab     
v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing. 支持这个党派的人渐渐化为乌有。
  • His wealth dwindled to nothingness. 他的钱财化为乌有。 来自《简明英汉词典》
110 diminution 2l9zc     
n.减少；变小
参考例句：
  • They hope for a small diminution in taxes.他们希望捐税能稍有减少。
  • He experienced no diminution of his physical strength.他并未感觉体力衰落。
111 entity vo8xl     
n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物
参考例句：
  • The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
  • As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。
112 advent iKKyo     
n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临
参考例句：
  • Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
  • The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。
113 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的
参考例句：
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
114 landmarks 746a744ae0fc201cc2f97ab777d21b8c     
n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址）
参考例句：
  • The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science. 这部著作是现代科学发展史上著名的里程碑之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The baby was one of the big landmarks in our relationship. 孩子的出世是我们俩关系中的一个重要转折点。 来自辞典例句
115 prophesying bbadbfaf04e1e9235da3433ed9881b86     
v.预告，预言( prophesy的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head. 凡男人祷告或是讲道（道或作说预言下同）若蒙着头，就是羞辱自己的头。 来自互联网
  • Prophesying was the only human art that couldn't be improved by practice. 预言是唯一的一项无法经由练习而改善的人类技术。 来自互联网
116 controversy 6Z9y0     
n.争论，辩论，争吵
参考例句：
  • That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
  • We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
117 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种
参考例句：
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
118 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的，知名的
参考例句：
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
119 browsing 509387f2f01ecf46843ec18c927f7822     
v.吃草( browse的现在分词 )；随意翻阅；（在商店里）随便看看；（在计算机上）浏览信息
参考例句：
  • He sits browsing over[through] a book. 他坐着翻阅书籍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Cattle is browsing in the field. 牛正在田里吃草。 来自《简明英汉词典》
120 relentless VBjzv     
adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的
参考例句：
  • The traffic noise is relentless.交通车辆的噪音一刻也不停止。
  • Their training has to be relentless.他们的训练必须是无情的。
121 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的
参考例句：
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
122 profusion e1JzW     
n.挥霍；丰富
参考例句：
  • He is liberal to profusion.他挥霍无度。
  • The leaves are falling in profusion.落叶纷纷。
123 domain ys8xC     
n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围
参考例句：
  • This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
124 censor GrDz7     
n./vt.审查，审查员；删改
参考例句：
  • The film has not been viewed by the censor.这部影片还未经审查人员审查。
  • The play was banned by the censor.该剧本被查禁了。
125 revival UWixU     
n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振
参考例句：
  • The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
  • He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
126 democrat Xmkzf     
n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员
参考例句：
  • The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
  • About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。
127 illiberal BbgxW     
adj.气量狭小的，吝啬的
参考例句：
  • His views are markedly illiberal.他的观点非常狭隘。
  • Don't be illiberal in your words to show your love.不要吝啬自己的语言表达你的情感。
128 generalization 6g4xv     
n.普遍性，一般性，概括
参考例句：
  • This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy.这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
  • The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
129 phenomena 8N9xp     
n.现象
参考例句：
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
130 influential l7oxK     
adj.有影响的，有权势的
参考例句：
  • He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
131 sinister 6ETz6     
adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的
参考例句：
  • There is something sinister at the back of that series of crimes.在这一系列罪行背后有险恶的阴谋。
  • Their proposals are all worthless and designed out of sinister motives.他们的建议不仅一钱不值，而且包藏祸心。
132 benighted rQcyD     
adj.蒙昧的
参考例句：
  • Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened,heed only one side and you will be benighted.兼听则明，偏信则暗。
  • Famine hit that benighted country once more.饥荒再次席卷了那个蒙昧的国家。
133 undertaking Mfkz7S     
n.保证，许诺，事业
参考例句：
  • He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。
  • He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事任何事业。
134 hazardous Iddxz     
adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的
参考例句：
  • These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
  • Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。
135 succinct YHozq     
adj.简明的，简洁的
参考例句：
  • The last paragraph is a succinct summary.最后这段话概括性很强。
  • A succinct style lends vigour to writing.措辞简练使文笔有力。
136 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查，调查研究
参考例句：
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
137 autocracies fb2286fce7d88f3474d71b7d1fedbdd6     
n.独裁( autocracy的名词复数 )；独裁统治；独裁政体；独裁政府
参考例句：
  • She did persuade herself that there were no autocracies save that of Prussia. 她自己深信，除了普鲁士以外，世界上哪儿都没有独裁政府了。 来自辞典例句
  • Autocracies can function perfectly well without news, but democracies cannot. 独裁国家没有新闻业，可以依旧运转；民主国家却不行。 来自互联网
138 solidarity ww9wa     
n.团结；休戚相关
参考例句：
  • They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
  • The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
139 navigate 4Gyxu     
v.航行，飞行；导航，领航
参考例句：
  • He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
  • Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。
140 liar V1ixD     
n.说谎的人
参考例句：
  • I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了，一个又偷又骗的家伙！
  • She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。
141 analyst gw7zn     
n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家
参考例句：
  • What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
  • The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。
142 analysts 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448     
分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
  • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
143 activator 976ea5525b03c6bf418795490584daca     
催化剂，触媒剂
参考例句：
  • In a separate archive is the official localization and universal activator. 在单独的存档是正式的本地化和普遍激活。
  • From a certain angle, affections are the activator to carve out successfully. 从某种角度看，爱心是创业成功的“催化剂”。
144 alphabetical gfvyY     
adj.字母（表）的，依字母顺序的
参考例句：
  • Please arrange these books in alphabetical order.请把这些书按字母顺序整理一下。
  • There is no need to maintain a strict alphabetical sequence.不必保持严格的字顺。
145 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津（英国城市）
参考例句：
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
146 decode WxYxg     
vt.译（码），解（码）
参考例句：
  • All he had to do was decode it and pass it over.他需要做的就是将它破译然后转给他人。
  • The secret documents were intercepted and decoded.机密文件遭截获并被破译。
147 statistically Yuxwa     
ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看
参考例句：
  • The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
  • The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。
148 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
149 syllabus PqMyf     
n.教学大纲，课程大纲
参考例句：
  • Have you got next year's syllabus?你拿到明年的教学大纲了吗？
  • We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students.我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化，可以多吸引学生。
150 concise dY5yx     
adj.简洁的，简明的
参考例句：
  • The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
  • I gave a concise answer about this.我对于此事给了一个简要的答复。
151 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的，直截了当的
参考例句：
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
152 archaeology 0v2zi     
n.考古学
参考例句：
  • She teaches archaeology at the university.她在大学里教考古学。
  • He displayed interest in archaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。
153 credentials credentials     
n.证明，资格，证明书，证件
参考例句：
  • He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
  • Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。
154 imperative BcdzC     
n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的
参考例句：
  • He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
  • The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。
155 enrolled ff7af27948b380bff5d583359796d3c8     
adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起
参考例句：
  • They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》
156 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的
参考例句：
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
157 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理，心理学，心理状态
参考例句：
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
158 registration ASKzO     
n.登记，注册，挂号
参考例句：
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？
159 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度
参考例句：
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。
160 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的，许可的
参考例句：
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
161 stationary CuAwc     
adj.固定的，静止不动的
参考例句：
  • A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
  • Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。
162 rental cBezh     
n.租赁，出租，出租业
参考例句：
  • The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
  • We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。
163 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地
参考例句：
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
164 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）
参考例句：
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
165 unreasonable tjLwm     
adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的
参考例句：
  • I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
  • They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。
166 stimulate wuSwL     
vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋
参考例句：
  • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
  • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
167 luncheon V8az4     
n.午宴，午餐，便宴
参考例句：
  • We have luncheon at twelve o'clock.我们十二点钟用午餐。
  • I have a luncheon engagement.我午饭有约。
168 replica 9VoxN     
n.复制品
参考例句：
  • The original conservatory has been rebuilt in replica.温室已按原样重建。
  • The young artist made a replica of the famous painting.这位年轻的画家临摹了这幅著名的作品。
169 theatrical pIRzF     
adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的
参考例句：
  • The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果，叫人失望。
  • She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。
170 promotions ea6aeb050f871384f25fba9c869cfe21     
促进( promotion的名词复数 )； 提升； 推广； 宣传
参考例句：
  • All services or promotions must have an appeal and wide application. 所有服务或促销工作都必须具有吸引力和广泛的适用性。
  • He promptly directed the highest promotions and decorations for General MacArthur. 他授予麦克阿瑟将军以最高的官阶和勋奖。
171 exhausted 7taz4r     
adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的
参考例句：
  • It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
  • Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
172 conversational SZ2yH     
adj.对话的，会话的
参考例句：
  • The article is written in a conversational style.该文是以对话的形式写成的。
  • She values herself on her conversational powers.她常夸耀自己的能言善辩。
173 posture q1gzk     
n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势
参考例句：
  • The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
  • He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。
174 hunch CdVzZ     
n.预感，直觉
参考例句：
  • I have a hunch that he didn't really want to go.我有这么一种感觉，他并不真正想去。
  • I had a hunch that Susan and I would work well together.我有预感和苏珊共事会很融洽。
175 hunching f6cdc905619508b199f619856ecdd970     
隆起（hunch的现在分词形式）
参考例句：
  • She leaned forward, hunching over the desk. 她身体前倾，伏在写字台上。
176 constricts 47419b10f24d332fa4ea8d45250d3468     
压缩，压紧，使收缩( constrict的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The tumour constricts the nerves. 肿瘤压迫神经。
  • Fat constricts the blood vessels, making your circulation bad. 脂肪压缩血管，造成你的血液循环不畅。
177 inflicted cd6137b3bb7ad543500a72a112c6680f     
把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
  • Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。
178 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智
参考例句：
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
179 unimpeachable CkUwO     
adj.无可指责的；adv.无可怀疑地
参考例句：
  • He said all five were men of unimpeachable character.他说这五个都是品格完美无缺的人。
  • It is the revenge that nature takes on persons of unimpeachable character.这是自然对人品无瑕的人的报复。
180 specimens 91fc365099a256001af897127174fcce     
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人
参考例句：
  • Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
  • The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
181 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表
参考例句：
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
182 secondly cjazXx     
adv.第二，其次
参考例句：
  • Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
  • Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。

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