托业考试综合辅导(1a)

allowance n. grant; pocket money; stipend¹; discount; acknowledgement; deduction²; concession³

allude⁴ v. to make an indirect reference

already adv. previously⁵; before a certain time

alter v. to change; to modify; to be changed; to be modified

alternate adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging

alternate v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute

alternative n. choice; option

altitude n. height; distance above sea level

altruistic⁶ adj. unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness

ambiguity⁷ n. vagueness; lack of clarity

ambiguous adj. open to dispute; having many possible interpretations⁸; obscure; vague

ambition n. aspiration⁹; hope; goal; dream

ambitious adj. aspiring¹⁰; desirous of success; requiring great effort

ambivalence¹¹ n. state of having both positive and negative feelings towards a subject

amend¹² v. to change; to alter; to improve; to improve oneself

amortization¹³ n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of an asset

amount n. quantity; sum

amount v. to come to a sum; to become; to total

ample adj. much; plenty; large; spacious¹⁴

analysis n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it; examination

analyze¹⁵ v. to examine; to make an analysis; to break down into parts and study (as in a subject)

anchor n. newsreader; main broadcaster on a TV or radio program; heavy object placed in the water in order to hold boats in place; source of security or stability

anchor v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly

angle n. point of view; perspective; space between two or more lines which are joined at a common point

angle v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction; to present from a prejudiced point of view

anniversary n. yearly date commemorating¹⁶ a special event; birthday

announcement n. declaration; notice; statement; the act of informing the public

annoy v. to bother; to trouble; to irritate; to disturb; to distress¹⁷; to upset; to harass¹⁸

annoying adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing¹⁹

annual adj. occurring once a year; yearly

anticipate v. to expect; to predict; to assume

anticipation²⁰ n. expectation; hope; intuition

anyhow adv. in some way; in any event; in any case

anyway adv. at any rate; in any event; in any way; anyhow

apartment n. flat; living area consisting of several rooms such as a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom, a hall, etc.

apologize v. to express regret; to say sorry

apology n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense²¹; justification²²

appall²³ v. to fill with consternation²⁴ or dismay

apparatus²⁵ n. device; system; machine; gadget²⁶; appliance

apparel n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb²⁷

apparel v. to dress; to adorn²⁸ wear

apparent adj. evident; obvious

appeal n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment²⁹

appeal v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or judgment

appealing adj. begging; attractive; interesting

appear v. to come into view; to show up; to seem

appearance n. act of coming into view; impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance³⁰

appease³¹ v. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe³²; to satisfy or relieve; to pacify³³ or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions³⁴, often at the expense of principle

append v. to add as a supplement or appendix; to fix to; attach

appliance n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus

applicant³⁵ n. person who requests (for a position, job, etc.); candidate; nominee³⁶

application n. computer program; act of officially requesting for a position, job, etc.; written request; formal letter; implementation³⁸

apply v. to make a request; to implement³⁷; to enforce; to realize; to put into practice; to embrace; to refer

appoint v. to nominate; to designate

appointment n. official date, meeting; interview; nomination³⁹

appreciate v. to esteem⁴⁰; to regard highly; to raise the value; to become more valuable

approach n. access; method; system; procedure

approach v. to appeal to; to turn to; to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation); to solve (a problem or question)

approbation⁴¹ n. an expression of warm approval; praise; official approval

appropriate adj. suitable; fitting

appropriate v. to set aside; to allot⁴², to adapt; to embrace; to accept

approval n. confirmation⁴³; endorsement⁴⁵; positive opinion

approve v. to agree; to concur⁴⁶; to confirm; to endorse⁴⁴

approximately adv. nearly; about; around; circa

apt adj. suitable; appropriate; able to learn quickly; intelligent; sophisticated; savvy⁴⁷; clever; capable

aptitude⁴⁸ n. ability; skill; talent

arable⁴⁹ adj. fit for cultivation⁵⁰, as by plowing⁵¹

arbitrary adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted

argue v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons

argument n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause

arise v. to get up, as from a sitting or prone⁵² position; rise; to awaken⁵³ and get up; to move upward; ascend⁵⁴; to come into being; originate; to result, issue, or proceed

arrange v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to establish; to set up; to order; to systematize

arrangement n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment⁵⁵

array n. display; layout; clothing; arrangement of data elements (in computing); menu

arrest n. detention⁵⁶; imprisonment⁵⁸

arrest v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison⁵⁷

arrival n. reaching a destination; appearance; incoming; opposite of departure; comeback

article n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract

articulate adj. speaking fluently; lucid⁵⁹; eloquent⁶⁰; expressed using clear and distinct words; able to speak

articulate v. to express in a fluent and clear manner

artificial adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal

artisan n. creator; craftsman⁶¹; skilled workman

ASAPabbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast

ascend v. to go or move upward; rise; to rise from a lower level or station; advance; to go back in time or upward in genealogical succession

ascertain⁶³ v. to clarify; to verify; to confirm; to make sure; to strengthen; to reinforce; to underline; to emphasis

ascribe v. to attribute to a specified⁶⁴ cause, source, or origin; to assign as a quality or characteristic

aspect n. point of view; facet⁶⁵; appearance; outlook; direction; issue; point

assemble v. to gather together; to put together; to collect; to converge⁶⁶; to get together; to arrange; to meet

assembly n. meeting; conference; set; group of people; congregation

assent⁶⁷ n. agreement; concurrence⁶⁸; acquiescence⁶⁹; consent

assent v. to agree, as to a proposal; concur

assess v. to estimate; to appraise⁷⁰; to gauge⁷¹; to evaluate; to measure; to establish the level of something

assessment⁷² n. estimation; appraisal⁷³; measurement

asset n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.); item of quality; something beneficial

assign v. to allot; to apportion⁷⁴; to give somebody a task or responsibility; to delegate; to appoint

assignment n. task; mission; duty; responsibility; role; obligation

assimilate v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb

assist v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct

assistance n. aid; help, support; direction; upkeep

assistant adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary⁷⁵

assistant n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper

associate n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend

associate v. to share company; to connect; to unite; to be a partner; to relate to; to link to; to make a connection between two things; to combine

association n. organization; society; union; coalition⁷⁶; foundation, connection of ideas; relation between facts

assort v. to classify; to group; to categorize; to systematize; to structure; to put in order

assortment n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture

assume v. to suppose; to guess; to think; to surmise⁷⁷; to take on a position or duty; to adopt an idea; to accept an idea

assure v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to ascertain; to encourage

asylum⁷⁸ n. an institution for the care of people, especially those with physical or mental impairments, who require organized supervision⁷⁹ or assistance; a place offering protection and safety; a shelter; the protection afforded by a sanctuary⁸⁰

attach v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to

attachment⁸¹ n. emotional link; emotional bond; connection; confiscation⁸²; court-ordered seizure⁸³ of property or money; annexation⁸⁴; attached file; file that is sent along with an email message

attain⁸⁵ v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill⁸⁶; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.)

attainment⁸⁷ n. achievement; fulfillment; ability

attempt n. try; assay⁸⁸; test; trial

attempt v. to try to; to assay

attend v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to accompany

attendance n. being physically⁸⁹ present; act of accompanying or serving

attendant adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying

attendant n. servant; steward⁹⁰; stewardess⁹¹; person who serves others; person who accompanies others

attendee n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a conference or seminar; participant

attention n. concentration; consideration; focus; care; acknowledgement; recognition

attentive⁹² adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring

attentiveness⁹³ n. awareness⁹⁴; concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue

attest⁹⁵ v. to affirm to be correct, true, or genuine; to certify⁹⁶ in an official capacity; to supply or be evidence of

attire⁹⁷ n. dress; clothing; apparel

attire v. to dress; to put on clothes

attitude n. position; opinion; viewpoint; stance; way of thinking; outlook; perspective

attorney n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; a professional who represents clients in a court or advises them on legal matters

attribute n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature; adjective (grammar)

attribute v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to

auction⁹⁸ n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder⁹⁹ (eBay is a very popular auction site)

auction v. to sell something through a bidding system

audience n. group of people who gathered to see or hear a performance, a seminar, a talk, etc.; viewers; official meeting; interview

audio adj. pertaining¹⁰⁰ to hearing and listening; sound

audit¹⁰¹ n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation¹⁰²

audit v. to examine accounts and other financial records; to investigate; to look into accounts; to verify accounts

auditorium¹⁰³ n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and other events

augment¹⁰⁴ v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply

authority n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction¹⁰⁵

authorize¹⁰⁶ v. to permit; to approve; to empower

autograph n. a person's handwritten signature

autograph v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name

automobile¹⁰⁷ n. car; vehicle; ride

avail n. advantage; profit; help; benefit

avail v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate

availability n. accessibility; attainability¹⁰⁸; obtainability

available adj. ready for use; attainable¹⁰⁹; present; valid¹¹⁰

average adj. immediate⁶²; regular; common; usual; plain; simple; standard

average n. mean, median

average v. to have a mean of a certain amount

averse¹¹¹ adj. having a feeling of opposition¹¹², distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined

avoid v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from happening; to evade¹¹³

award n. prize; grant; arbitration¹¹⁴

award v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule

awareness n. consciousness

awesome¹¹⁵ adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening