托业考试综合辅导(9a)

ideal n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing that embodies¹ a standard of perfection

idealize v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection; to view someone or something as ideal

identification n. verification of a person or thing; recognition; the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering

identify v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to relate; to associate oneself with a particular cause or idea

idle adj. lazy; vain; futile²; unoccupied; unemployed³; groundless; without foundation; worthless; unimportant

idle v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around; to waste time; to operate at minimum speed (of an engine or machine)

ignorance n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy⁴; lack of education; state of being uninformed

ignore v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to reject

illegible⁵ adj. not legible or decipherable

illegitimate adj. against the law; illegal; incorrectly deduced; illogical

illicit⁶ adj. not sanctioned by custom or law; unlawful

illuminate⁷ v. to provide or brighten with light; to make understandable; clarify; to enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand

illustrate⁸ v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict⁹; to elucidate¹⁰

illustration n. picture in a book or other work; explanation; clarification; explanation

imaginary adj. not real; fanciful

imagination n. ability of the mind to create mental images which do not exist in reality; creation of such mental images

imagine v. to envision; to create a mental image which does not literally¹¹ exist; to fantasize; to visualize¹²; to think; to suppose; to assume; to guess

imitate v. to use or follow as a model; to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic¹³; to copy exactly; reproduce; to appear like; resemble

immediate¹⁴ adj. instantaneous; prompt; accomplished¹⁵ quickly; direct; having no intermediary; close

immediately adv. right away; shortly; at once; without delay

immerse v. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge; to engage wholly or deeply; absorb

impair¹⁶ v. to cause to diminish, as in strength, value, or quality

impatient adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless

impede¹⁷ v. to delay; to obstruct¹⁸; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart¹⁹

impediment n. something that impedes²⁰; a hindrance²¹ or obstruction²²; an organic defect preventing clear articulation²³

imperative²⁴ adj. necessary; obligatory²⁵; commanding

imperative n. necessity; obligation; command; order

implement²⁶ n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment

implement v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to realize; to equip with tools

implementation²⁷ n. realization²⁸; carrying out; performing; putting into effect; execution; act of equipping with tools

implication n. consequence; outcome; result; act of implying; something implied; indirect suggestion; connotation; hint; state of being involved in an action or event

implicit²⁹ adj. implied or understood though not directly expressed; contained in the nature of something though not readily apparent; having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning

imply v. to suggest indirectly³⁰; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import

import n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of export; meaning; significance

import v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a foreign country; to signify; to imply; to be important; to be significant

important adj. significant; consequential³¹; influential³²; essential; crucial; critical; prominent

impose v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute

impossible adj. unbearable³³; cannot be done; cannot be endured

impress v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp; to make a mark using pressure

impression n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect; vague memory; stamp; imprint³⁴; stamping; impressing

impressive adj. grand; magnificent; striking

improve v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to become better; to evolve; to develop; to fix up; to repair; to increase the value of; to take advantage of; to make good use of; to recuperate³⁵

improvement n. state of being made better; something which enhances or improves; addition or change which adds value to something

improvident³⁶ adj. not providing for the future; thriftless; rash; incautious

imprudent adj. unwise or indiscreet; not prudent³⁷

impulse n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim³⁸; wave of energy sent via a nerve

inadvertent adj. not duly attentive³⁹; marked by unintentional lack of care

inalienable adj. non-transferable

inanimate adj. lifeless; spiritless

inbound adj. traveling in an inward direction

incentive⁴¹ adj. provocative⁴²; stimulating⁴³; encouraging

incentive n. stimulus⁴⁴; inducement; enticement⁴⁵; encouragement

incite⁴⁶ v. to provoke and urge on

incline n. slope; grade; slant⁴⁷

incline v. to slope; to tilt⁴⁸; to bend; to bow; to lean; to be disposed; to tend toward; to gravitate; to slant; to cause to bend; to influence

inclusive adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive; taking in

income n. amount of money received in payment for goods or services or from other sources; revenue; profits

inconvenience n. bother; disturbance⁴⁹; nuisance; discomfort⁵⁰

inconvenience v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb

increase n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation⁵¹; reproduction

increase v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify⁵²; to make bigger; to heighten

incredible adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; improbable; unlikely; fabulous⁵³; great; amazing

incredulous adj. skeptical⁵⁴; disbelieving; expressive⁵⁵ of disbelief

incriminate v. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act; to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate⁵⁶

incumbent⁵⁷ adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory⁵⁸; necessary; resting; lying

incumbent n. person who currently holds an office or position

incur⁵⁹ v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire; to become liable for (generally pertaining⁶⁰ to something unpleasant or undesirable)

indicate n. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to exhibit; to reveal; to suggest

indicator⁶¹ n. one that indicates, especially a pointer or an index; an instrument used to monitor the operation or condition of an engine, an electrical network, or another physical system; a meter or gauge⁶²

indoor adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside

induce v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence; to persuade; to impel⁶³; to infer; to deduce; to derive⁶⁴ a general proposition from certain facts

indulge v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor

indulgence n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; luxury; leniency⁶⁵; tolerance⁶⁶; humoring; pampering⁶⁷

industrial adj. of, relating to, or resulting from industry; having highly developed industries; employed, required, or used in industry

industrialize v. to innovate⁶⁸ and develop production

industrious⁶⁹ adj. assiduous in work or study; diligent⁷⁰

ineffable⁷¹ adj. incapable⁷² of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo⁷³

inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by entreaty⁷⁴; relentless⁷⁵

infallibility n. the quality of never making an error

infancy⁷⁶ n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood

infant adj. pertaining to a minor⁷⁷

infant n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor; beginner

infer v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise⁷⁸; to hint

inference n. act of deriving⁷⁹; speculation⁸⁰; drawing of a conclusion

inflammable adj. easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly; flammable; quickly or easily aroused to strong emotion; excitable

inflation n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices; act of filling with air or gas

inflict⁸¹ v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant

influence n. effect; impact; action of a person or thing which affects another; person or thing which has power to affect others

influence v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control

influx⁸² n. flowing in; inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into another body of water

inform v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to apprise⁸³; to notify; to tell on; to inspire; to animate⁴⁰

informal adj. unofficial; unceremonious; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back

information n. knowledge; intelligence; data; act of providing knowledge

infraction⁸⁴ n. the act or an instance of infringing; a violation