当前国家重点鼓励发展的产业、产品和技术目录

(Approved by the State Council on December 31, 1997 and promulgated¹ by the State Planning Commission on December 31, 1997)
颁布日期：19971229 　实施日期：19980101 　颁布单位：国务院

　　I. Agriculture

　　Technologies for the improvement of fine breeds of animals and good strains of plant seeds and control of major diseases and pests

　　Toxin-free seedlings²

　　So illness cultivation³ of vegetables and flowers

　　High-yield, high-efficiency modal cultivation

　　Development and extension of advanced agricultural technologies

　　Storage, preservation⁵, processing and comprehensive utilization⁶ of agricultural products

　　Integrated treatment of median- and low-yield farmland

　　Development of cultivable wasteland, barren hills and mountains, barren deserts and shoals

　　Construction of farm produce bases of commodity food grains, cotton, oils, sugar and other crops

　　Dry farming, water-saving farming and ecological⁷ farming Natural rubber

　　Construction of the grass industry and grasslands⁸

　　Cultivation and breeding of brand-name, special and excellent aquatic⁹ products

　　Dairy industry

　　Biological agricultural chemicals

　　High-efficiency, low-toxin and pollution-free agricultural chemicals

　　New-type agricultural plastic films

　　New veterinary vaccines¹⁰ and veterinary pharmaceutical¹¹ chemicals

　　Bovine¹² and sheep embryo¹³ transplant

　　Technological¹⁴ transformation¹⁵ of fishing vessels¹⁶

　　Fodder¹⁷ additives¹⁸ and their matching exploitation

　　II. Forestry¹⁹

　　Selection, cultivation and hereditary²⁰ improvement of fine seeds for forests

　　Cultivation and storage of fine species of economic forests and good strains of flower seeds

　　Prevention and control of forest disasters

　　Afforestation on extraordinarily²¹ difficult lands in ecologically vulnerable regions

　　Fast-growing high-yield forests

　　Shelter forest projects

　　Forest resources restoration projects

　　Prevention and control of desertification

　　Pulp²² paper making in raw materials forest bases

　　Deep processing and serial²³ products of wood, artificial forests, small-diameter wood and residues²⁴ in forest regions

　　Bamboo engineering materials and plant fibre engineering materials

　　Deep processing of forestry chemical products

　　Physiological²⁵ active matters of trees

　　New materials for sand fixing, water conservation and soil improvement

　　III. Water Conservancy

　　Flood-control harnessing projects of big rivers and lakes

　　Trans-valley water diversion projects

　　Water source projects in regions short of water resources

　　Drinking water and water improvement projects for humans and cattle in drought areas

　　Safety construction of flood storage and retention²⁶ areas

　　Maintenance and construction of sea dykes²⁷

　　Silt²⁸ clean-up in rivers, lakes and reservoirs

　　Danger removal and consolidation²⁹ of sick and dangerous reservoirs and embankments

　　Integrated utilization of water conservancy hubs

　　Technology and construction of facilities for water and soil conservation

　　Development and exploitation of slightly salty water, poor quality water and sea water and desalination³⁰ of sea water

　　Protection and development of water energy resources

　　Civil engineering composite materials in water conservancy projects

　　Technology, equipment and methodology of high-efficiency water transmission and distribution and water-saving irrigation

　　High-efficiency friction-enduring low-lift big-flow water pumps

　　Automated³² systems for automatic measurement and reporting of water situation and flood control

　　CAD series software for the survey and design of water conservancy projects

　　Instruments and equipment for hydrological data gathering³⁴

　　IV. Meteorology

　　Systems technology and equipment for automated meteorological stations

　　Equipment for observation and analysis of special weather conditions

　　Doppler radar³⁵ technology and equipment

　　V. Coal

　　Geological and geophysical survey of mines

　　Big- and medium-size high-efficiency open strip mines

　　Big- and medium-size high-efficiency coal washeries

　　Prevention and control of gas, coal dust, mine water and mine fire

　　Industrial shaped coal

　　Liquefied coal pulp

　　Coal gasification and liquefaction

　　Survey, development and exploitation of coal rake gas

　　Development and utilization of low-heat value fuels and associated resources in coal mines

　　Pipeline³⁶ coal transmission

　　VI. Electricity

　　Hydropower generation

　　Big-size coal mine mouth power plants

　　Integrated thermal³⁸ power generation

　　Solar energy, ground thermal energy, marine³⁹ energy, trash and bio-matter energy power generation and big-size wind energy power generation

　　Joint⁴⁰ gas cycling power generation

　　Clean coal power generation

　　Long-distance ultra-high-pressure power transmission and transformation

　　Transformation and construction of power networks

　　VII. Nuclear Energy

　　One-mega kilowatt⁴¹ pressurized water reactor⁴² nuclear power station

　　Low-temperature heat supply nuclear reactor, fast neutron⁴³ breeder reactor and fusion⁴⁴ reactor

　　Advanced mining and smelting⁴⁵ of uranium mine

　　High-performance nuclear fuel elements

　　Fuel-short after-treatment

　　Instruments and apparatuses⁴⁶ for nuclear analysis and nuclear survey

　　Isotopes⁴⁷ and their radiation applications

　　VIII. Petroleum⁴⁸ and Natural Gas

　　Petroleum and natural gas exploration

　　Petroleum and natural gas exploitation

　　Pipeline transmission of crude oil

　　Pipeline transmission of natural gas

　　Liquefied natural gas

　　Petroleum reserve

　　Integrated exploitation of petroleum, gas and associated resources

　　IX. Railway

　　Trunk railway network

　　Speed improvement of existing railway lines

　　High-speed railway system

　　25-ton axle-weight cargo⁴⁹ heavy load

　　Railway operations safety technology assurance system

　　Heavy-duty fine-quality rails and new-type soft sleepers⁵⁰

　　Marshalling yard automation, loading-and-unloading operation mechanization and goods yard equipment

　　Railway passenger and cargo transport equipment

　　Railway passenger and cargo transport information system

　　Railway container transportation

　　X. Highway

　　National trunk highway network

　　Intelligent highway transport system

　　Highway rapid passenger and cargo transportation

　　New highway engineering materials

　　Design and manufacture of new highway machinery⁵¹ and equipment

　　Highway container transportation

　　XI. Water Transport

　　Main coastal⁵² hub ports

　　Inland-river trunk navigation channels and wharves⁵³

　　Standardization⁵⁴, serialization and modernization⁵⁵ of ship transport

　　Loading and unloading automation of big ports

　　Ocean shipping⁵⁶ electronic data exchange system

　　Maritime⁵⁷ traffic control system

　　Design and manufacture of new port machinery and equipment

　　Maritime container transportation

　　Multi-modal coordinated⁵⁸ transportation of containers

　　XII. Air Transport

　　Civil airports

　　High-performance airport security-check equipment

　　Air traffic control system

　　XIII. Posts and Telecommunications

　　Key technologies and equipment of stratosphere telecommunications systems

　　Optical fibre telecommunications system and equipment for 622 Mb/s and over digital synchronous⁵⁹ series

　　Microwave telecommunications system and equipment for 155 Mb/s and over digital synchronous series

　　Digital mobile telecommunications systems and equipment (GSM, CDMA, DCS 1800 etc.)

　　ISDN systems and equipment

　　New technologies and equipment supporting telecommunications networks

　　Satellite telecommunications systems and ground station equipment

　　Broadcasting satellites and ground station equipment

　　Satellite mobile telecommunications systems and equipment

　　Cable-and-wireless⁶⁰-user-access-to-the-network system and equipment

　　Asynchronous transfer-mode wide-band optical electronic transmission systems and equipment

　　Intelligent network and its applied⁶¹ equipment

　　Digital cluster telecommunications systems and equipment

　　Automated disposal systems for postal⁶² letters and parcels

　　XIV. Iron and Steel

　　High-efficiency ore dressing⁶³ and integrated exploitation of mineral resources

　　Direct reduction

　　Pellets burning and pellet-grouping burning

　　Blended coal coking and tamping⁶⁴ coking

　　Dry coke quenching⁶⁵

　　High-wind-temperature long-life hot-air blast furnace

　　Blast furnace oxygen-enriched coal spray

　　Integrated technology for high-efficiency long-life blast furnace

　　Ultra-high power electric furnace and integrated energy-saving technology

　　Converter splash protection technology

　　High-efficiency continuous casting

　　Hot loading and hot feeding of continuous casting blanks

　　Melting reduction

　　Near-terminal continuous casting and rolling of thin plate blanks and thin belt blanks

　　Integrated automation of metallurgy

　　Controlled rolling and controlled cooling

　　Plate shape control

　　Surface coating and plating

　　Low alloy⁶⁶ steel and micro alloy steel

　　50-ton and over converter steel

　　Stainless⁶⁷ steel smelting

　　Silicon⁶⁸ steel sheet cold rolling

　　Hot and cold rolling of stainless steel plates

　　Petroleum steel pipes

　　Scrap⁷⁰ steel processing and disposal

　　Mining of high-alumina bauxite⁷¹ and hard clay ore, and production of chamotte

　　Metallurgical environmental protection and integrated utilization of metallurgical wastes

　　XV. Nonferrous Metals

　　Exploitation of deep and difficult mine beds

　　Nonferrous metal composite materials and new alloy materials

　　Production of alumina with monohydrate hard bauxite ore

　　Nonferrous metal fortified⁷² smelting and wet process smelting

　　Non-crystal alloy thin belts

　　Supercritical extraction

　　High-efficiency energy-saving mine washery and electro-chemically controlled flotation

　　Big pre-roasted vat⁴ electrolytic aluminium⁷³

　　Aluminium and aluminium alloy rapid casting and rolling

　　8-inch and over monocrystalline silicon chips and polycrystalline silicon

　　High-efficiency ore dressing chemicals

　　High-performance high-precision hard alloy, tin compound, antimony compound and ceramics⁷⁴ materials

　　High-performance magnetic materials

　　Superfine materials, electronic pulp and its products

　　New braking materials

　　Integrated exploitation of multi-metal intergrown mines

　　Development and integrated utilization of rare earth, rare and scattered⁷⁵ metals

　　Integrated exploitation of salt lake resources

　　Development, exploitation and integrated recovery of difficult gold ores and difficult gold tailings in gold mines by adopting new roasting technique, hot-pressure pre-oxidization and cyanidation gold extraction technique and bacteria-oxidization and cyanidation gold extraction technique

　　XVI. Chemical Industry

　　Scientific fertilizer applications (soil-survey-based fertilizer applications, new chemical fertilizers and all types of special-purpose fertilizers)

　　Big-size synthetic⁷⁶ ammonia and urea

　　Big- and medium-size high-density phospho-potash fertilizer and its compound fertilizer

　　Compound fertilizers with trace elements required by crops

　　Pressurized gasification of liquefied coal pulp

　　New high-efficiency catalysts⁷⁷

　　Potassium chloride with an annual production of 200,000 tons and over and potassium sulphate with an annual production of 100,000 tons and over

　　Improved calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer

　　Granular ammonium phosphate and ternary compound fertilizer made with tubular reactor

　　Coated urea

　　Joint production of cement and sulphuric acid having an annual capacity of 30,000 tons and over with pulp-process ammonium phosphate and phosphorus limestone⁷⁸

　　Sulphur-based ternary fertilizer

　　Rare earth compound fertilizers

　　High-purity phosphorus pentasulphide

　　Advanced wet-process refining of phosphoric acid

　　Anti-aging special polythene

　　Low-toxin aluminite sodium⁷⁹

　　10,000-ton grade sodium cyanide

　　5,000-ton/year gaseous-phase white carbon black

　　Big- and medium-size chemical mines

　　Organosilicon monoblocks, organic fluoride and other new chemical products

　　New fine chemical products

　　Big-size coal chemical industry

　　Ion film for caustic⁸⁰ soda⁸¹

　　Titanium white chloridization

　　High-performance meridian⁸² tyres

　　Bone materials for high-performance meridian tyres

　　Treatment and integrated utilization of chemical wastes (waste water, waste gases and waste residues)

　　XVII. Petroleum Chemical Industry

　　Single-series scale 5-million-ton and over oil refinery⁸³

　　Economy-scale deep processing of crude oil

　　600,000-ton and over ethylene and big-size after-processing

　　Polyvinyl chloride resin⁸⁴

　　Engineering plastics and new plastic alloys⁸⁵

　　Matching raw materials for composite materials: biphenyl-A, butadiene styrene latex, pyridine, 4.4' dibenzo-methane diisocyanate and methyl benzene diisocyanate

　　Synthetic rubber and its applications

　　Single-series capacity 100,000-ton and over acrylic

　　Single-series capacity 350,000-ton and over PTA

　　Nylon 6 and nylon 66 new products

　　New products of organic chemical raw materials

　　Integrated utilization of gas and chemical by-products of refineries⁸⁶

　　Treatment and integrated utilization of petroleum chemical wastes (waste water, waste gases and waste residues)

　　XVIII. Construction Materials

　　4,000-ton/day and over ripe-material new dry-process cement

　　New walling materials, decoration and renovation⁸⁷ materials, water-proof and insulation⁸⁸ materials

　　10,000-ton glass fibre of direct melting process

　　High-quality composite plastic materials for doors, windows, pipes and wall and floor coverings

　　Deep processing of sheet glass

　　High-grade sanitary⁸⁹ ware³³ and its metal parts

　　Super-fine improved processing of non-metal ores and their products

　　Diamond processing (from rough diamonds ground into finished diamonds)

　　XIX. Pharmaceutics⁹⁰

　　Medicines listed in the Catalogue of Basic Medicines of the State

　　Important products having an edge for export

　　Bioengineering medicine

　　Radioactive drugs

　　New anti-carcinogen drugs (including anti-hepatitis drugs) and new cardio- and cerebra-vascular drugs

　　Diagnosis⁹¹ agents for AIDS and radiation immunization

　　New medicines for endemic diseases

　　New fever and pain relievers

　　New medicaments, auxiliary⁹² materials and medicaments produced according to GMP

　　Special-purpose medicinal intermediaries in short supply and new antibiotics⁹³

　　New biochemical medicine series (including agents for biochemical diagnosis)

　　New packing materials for medicine

　　New pharmaceutics and medical apparatuses

　　New sanitary materials and dressings⁹⁴

　　Medicines and tools for planned parenthood

　　Selection technology and selection models for new medicines

　　New bacteria for amino acids

　　Fodder-grade biotin

　　Virginiamycin and tylosin

　　Penicillin⁹⁵ salt refining and purification

　　Fermentation and automated temperature control system

　　Large-scale multi-peptide synthesis and purification

　　Large-scale medicinal nucleic acid synthesis and purification

　　High-yield gene³⁷ engineering bacteria

　　Natural drugs

　　Research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine

　　XX. Machinery

　　Precision shaping technology and equipment

　　Triple axes joint-operation digital programmed machine tools, digital control systems and servo devices

　　Advanced computer hardware and software technologies and equipment for the development of machinery products

　　Advanced testing and measuring technologies and equipment for the development of machinery products

　　High-speed super-hard precision cutters and precision automatic measurers and measuring instruments

　　New sensors⁹⁶

　　Ball bearings for cars, ball bearings for railway rolling stocks, precision ball bearings, high-speed ball bearings

　　8.5M rotor and over mixed current and axle current hydropower generation equipment and its key matching auxiliary engines

　　Big-size constant flow and pumping energy conservation hydropower generating units and its key matching auxiliary engines

　　Super critical thermal power generating units

　　600,000-kilowatt and over big-size air-cool power generating units

　　100,000-kilowatt and over cyclic fluidized bed boiler⁹⁷

　　36,000-kilowatt and over gas and steam joint cycling equipment

　　Big-size wind energy power generating units

　　Nuclear power generating units and its key matching auxiliary engines

　　500,000-volt and over ultra-high-pressure direct or alternate current transmission and transforming equipment

　　Equipment for heave-current breaking-capacity test and equipment for transformer abrupt⁹⁸ short-circuit test

　　New insulation materials

　　450,000-ton/year and over key production technologies and equipment for chemical fertilizers and ethylene

　　Scattered control systems for major technical equipment

　　Online automatic testing technologies and systems

　　New electric and electronic technologies and devices

　　Precision and ultra-precision processing technologies and equipment

　　Laser processing technologies and equipment

　　Big-size precision instruments

　　New hydraulic⁹⁹ airtight pneumatic elements and parts

　　Low-pressure electronic appliances

　　High-strength special-shape tighteners and fixers

　　20-ton/hour and over resin sand casting equipment

　　Design, manufacturing technology and equipment for advanced moulds

　　Big-size vacuum electronic cluster welding technology and equipment

　　Controllable atmospheric¹⁰⁰ and vacuum heat treatment technology and equipment

　　New-technology equipment manufacture for testing and measuring instruments for safe production and environmental protection

　　Urban garbage disposal technology and equipment

　　Big-size sewage treatment equipment

　　Smoke and gas desulphurization and denitration equipment

　　Sea water desalination technology and equipment

　　Industrial robots

　　5-million-ton/year and over trackless mining, loading and transport equipment

　　Complete plant for 20-million-ton and over big-size open strip mines

　　Tunnelers

　　Underground railway excavating¹⁰¹ equipment

　　2m and over big-size cold and hot continuous rolling and process control technology and equipment

　　30,000 cubic-meter/hour and over air-separation equipment mechanical park ade

　　Natural gas gathering and transmission equipment

　　Key equipment for soft-plate printing

　　Machinery and equipment for moderate scale operations of agriculture

　　Equipment for deep processing of farm produce and animal products and integrated utilization of resources

　　Equipment for agricultural environment and ecological agriculture

　　Agricultural harvesters, farm machinery and tools (for cotton, paddy, corn, beans and green fodder, etc.)

　　Vacuum refining and casting technologies and equipment

　　Elements, parts and materials for new instruments

　　Big-size engineering construction machinery and equipment

　　Advanced internal-combustion engines and their key components¹⁰² and parts

　　XXI. Electronics and Information

　　0.8 micron wire width and below large-scale integrated circuits

　　New electronic elements and parts (including elements and parts in chips) and electronic elements and parts for electricity

　　New surface stick-on assembly elements and parts

　　Optic-electro components, sensitive elements, parts and sensors

　　Development of special-purpose materials for transistors¹⁰³ and photo-electronics

　　Big- and medium-size electronic computers

　　High-performance micro-electronic computers

　　Work stations and servers

　　Software development

　　3D CAD, CAT, CAM, CAE systems and other computer application systems

　　Special-purpose electronic equipment, instruments, tools and moulds

　　Digital cross-connection equipment

　　Large-capacity CD and magnetic disc memory and their parts

　　New display apparatuses (LCD, panel display)

　　New printing devices (laser printers)

　　Equipment for data communications multimedia¹⁰⁴ systems

　　Monomode optical fibre

　　Routers and other network equipment

　　Digital audio-visual broadcasting systems and products

　　High-definition laser disc (following MPEG-II standards such as DVD)

　　HDTV

　　Digital image recording¹⁰⁵ and playing technology

　　Digital color television

　　Big-screen color projection¹⁰⁶ television

　　VCD core, optical head and special-purpose chips

　　Ordinary paper fax machine

　　New encryption machines

　　Multimedia terminals

　　Wideband digital programmed switches (ATM)

　　High-speed wireless paging products

　　Digital multi-function telephones

　　XXII. Automobiles¹⁰⁸

　　Automobile¹⁰⁷ body and body accessories

　　New automobile and motorcycle engines

　　Key auto³¹ components and parts

　　Precision forging, ferrous casting and nonferrous casting and rough blanks of important auto components

　　Automobile moulds

　　Auto-borne electronic products

　　New materials for light-weight vehicles

　　Development systems for complete vehicle, complete motorcycle and engines, components and parts

　　Engine control systems and vehicle exhaust control systems such as ternary catalysis conversion¹⁰⁹ devices, etc.

　　Testing systems for vehicle and motorcycle type authentication¹¹⁰ for national testing centres

　　XXIII. Shipbuilding

　　High-tech¹¹¹ high-performance and 60,000-ton and over giant vessels

　　Main engine for vessels

　　Shipborne power stations

　　Ship crankshafts, special auxiliary engines and electronic instruments

　　XXIV. Aviation and Aerospace¹¹²

　　Civilian¹¹³ aircraft and components and parts

　　Aeroengines

　　Integrated avionics systems

　　Airborne equipment systems

　　Helicopter body, rotor system and transmission system

　　New materials and their applications for aviation and aerospace

　　Gas Turbines

　　Satellites, carrier rockets and their components and parts

　　Satellite applications

　　Aerospace technology applications

　　XXV. Light Industries and Textiles

　　Mould design, processing and manufacture of non-metal products

　　Economy-scale standards pulp, paper and paper board

　　New high-speed nine-layer and over corrugated¹¹⁴ paper

　　Leather after-treatment processing

　　Mercury-free alkaline manganese second battery cell, nickel hydrogen battery cell and lithium battery cell

　　Special industrial sewing machines

　　Enzymes¹¹⁵

　　Synthetic spices and single icon⁶⁹ spices

　　Fluoride-free refrigeration technology and its applications

　　Xanthan gum (food grade)

　　High-grade packing paper products

　　New packing materials

　　Fully-automated high-speed multicolor printing

　　High-grade fabric¹¹⁶ dyeing and printing and high-tech after-treatment processing

　　Single-series 400-ton/day and over polyester

　　High-emulation chemical fibre fabrics¹¹⁷

　　Textile oils, assistants, dyes and chemicals

　　Carbon fibre, aryl on fibre and improved special-shape ultra-fine and composite chemical fibres

　　Special natural fibre processing

　　Special industrial textiles

　　High-tech light-industrial and textile machinery

　　30,000-ton and over direct-spin short polyester fibre

　　10,000-ton and over direct-spin long polyester filament¹¹⁸

　　XXVI. Construction

　　Construction project CAD

　　Construction machinery CAD and CAM

　　Computer applications for building construction

　　Key energy-saving technologies in construction

　　Equipment for high-rise buildings and space structures

　　Key building construction equipment

　　High-performance exterior¹¹⁹ protection structural¹²⁰ materials and components for residential¹²¹ buildings

　　XXVII. Urban Infrastructure¹²² and Real Estate

　　Urban underground railway, light rail and public transport

　　Urban roads

　　Urban traffic control system and equipment

　　Urban flood control

　　Urban and township water supply source, running water, water drainage and sewage treatment

　　Urban garbage and other solid wastes disposal and integrated utilization

　　Urban gas source plant

　　Urban central heating

　　Energy-saving low-pollution heating equipment

　　Urban park service and afforestation

　　Urban parkades

　　Urban dilapidated house transformation

　　"Comfortable living" housing projects

　　Economical and practical commodity residential buildings

　　Property management

　　XXVIII. Integrated Resources Utilization and Environmental Protection

　　Ecological and environmental treatment and control

　　Nature reserves

　　Integrated resources utilization projects

　　Solid wastes integrated utilization

　　Waste water (fluid) integrated utilization

　　Waste gas integrated utilization

　　Old and waste materials integrated utilization

　　Big-size sewage treatment

　　Waste gas monitoring

　　Ocean development and ocean environmental protection

　　XXIX. Services

　　Commercial facilities such as chain stores, supermarkets and warehouse¹²³ markets

　　Modernized¹²⁴ management modes such as distribution centres and agency business

　　Modernized warehousing and transport facilities for essential commodities such as foodgrains, cotton, edible¹²⁵ oils, chemical fertilizers and petroleum

　　Big-size farm produce and by-products wholesale¹²⁶ markets

　　Integrated management and distribution facilities for trade, industry and agriculture and production, processing and marketing¹²⁷ of farm produce

　　Socialized services systems for agriculture

　　Communications and infrastructure construction for tourism

　　Major tourism and holiday projects and special-purpose tourism projects

　　Big integrated development projects of tourism resources

　　Banks, financial firms and trust and investment corporations

　　Insurance companies, insurance brokerage firms and agencies

　　Stock companies, investment banks, commercial banks, fund management companies

　　Foreign exchange brokerage

　　Finance, insurance and foreign exchange consulting

　　Rental¹²⁸ services

　　Nonprofit cultural and art, broadcasting and audio-visual and physical culture facilities

　　Cultural relics¹²⁹ protection

　　Basic medical, diseases control, women and infant health care, rehabilitation¹³⁰ and welfare facilities

　　Teaching and scientific research facilities for key institutions of higher learning and special education

　　National engineering research centres, key national laboratories, new high-technology creation centres, new products development and design centres and scientific research pilot plants

　　Scientific and technological services for technology extension, scientific and technological exchanges, meteorology, environmental protection, surveying and mapping, earthquake, oceanography, patents and technical supervision¹³¹, etc.

　　Consultancy in economy, science and technology, engineering, management, accounting and auditing, labour and employment and law

　　Making of new high-tech advertisements, economic and scientific and technological exhibitions, science Popularization

　　Precision instruments, equipment maintenance and repair and services