加州同性婚姻禁令违反宪法

时间：2012-02-08 07:22:43

（单词翻译:单击）

California's ban on same-sex marriages is unconstitutional, a San Francisco appeals court has ruled.

旧金山一家上诉法院裁定，加州禁止同性婚姻是违反宪法的。

A statewide referendum on the issue, known as Proposition 8, imposed a bar on gay unions in November 2008 but that was overturned by a court in 2010.

Now a three-judge panel of the 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled 2-1 that the latter judgement was correct.

Supporters of the ban previously1 vowed2 to challenge the panel's decision if it went against them.

Lawyers for those backing the ban are expected to take the issue to the US Supreme3 Court.

Proposition 8 was a 2008 ballot4 measure that amended5 the California constitution to state that "only marriage between a man and a woman is valid6 or recognised in California".

Two same-sex couples challenged the measure, saying it violated their right to equal protection under the US constitution.

The 2010 ruling overturned the ban, determining it to be a violation7 of the civil rights of gays and lesbians.

'No such reason'

The California ban, known as Proposition 8, was passed by voters in 2008.

"Although the Constitution permits communities to enact8 most laws they believe to be desirable, it requires that there be at least a legitimate9 reason for the passage of a law that treats different classes of people differently," the ruling states.

The panel found "no such reason", the judges said in their ruling.

The 9th Circuit decision also found that there was no evidence that the judge who issued the lower court ruling, Judge Vaughn Walker, was biased10（有偏见的） , and ruled that he did not have to disclose that he was gay.

That petition was the first time the sexual orientation11 of a judge had been cited as grounds for overturning a court decision.

Judge Walker publicly revealed he was gay after he retired12.

The 9th Circuit's decision only applies to California, although it has jurisdiction13（司法权） in nine states.


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1 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前，先前（地）
参考例句：
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。
2 vowed 6996270667378281d2f9ee561353c089     
起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）
参考例句：
  • He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
  • I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。
3 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
参考例句：
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
4 ballot jujzB     
n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票
参考例句：
  • The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
  • The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。
5 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
6 valid eiCwm     
adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的
参考例句：
  • His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
  • Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？
7 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
8 enact tjEz0     
vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演
参考例句：
  • The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
  • For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。
9 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
10 biased vyGzSn     
a.有偏见的
参考例句：
  • a school biased towards music and art 一所偏重音乐和艺术的学校
  • The Methods: They employed were heavily biased in the gentry's favour. 他们采用的方法严重偏袒中上阶级。
11 orientation IJ4xo     
n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍
参考例句：
  • Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
  • The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。
12 retired Njhzyv     
adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的
参考例句：
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
13 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权
参考例句：
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

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