法国航空公布2009年坠机最终调查结果

A combination of technical failure and human error led to the loss of an Air France flight over the Atlantic in June 2009 and 228 deaths, according to the final report into the crash.

2009年6月法国航空一架客机坠毁在大西洋海域，造成228人死亡。对此次坠机的最终报告显示，技术失效与人为失误共同造成了此次事故发生。

The report by the French aviation authority highlights faults with the Airbus 330's air-speed sensors¹ which confused the pilots.

But it also points to inappropriate action by them.

The jet disappeared in a storm while flying to Paris from Rio de Janeiro.

'Total loss of control'

The BEA aviation authority said that the disaster began with the malfunctioning² of speed sensors known as Pitots during a period of heavy turbulence³（骚乱，动荡） .

The captain was taking a rest break and the co-pilots were in control at the time. The captain returned to the flight deck but was unable to reverse the catastrophic course of events which saw the plane stall and plunge⁴ into the sea.

One of the mistakes of the crew was to point the nose of the aircraft upwards⁵ after it stalled, instead of down.

"The crew was in a state of almost total loss of control of the situation," BEA chief investigator⁶ Alain Bouillard told journalists on Thursday at the release of the final report.

They never understood that the plane was in a stall as it descended⁷ at 11,000ft (3,352m) per minute, he added.

And BEA director Jean-Paul Troadec said: "This accident results from an aeroplane being taken out of its normal operating environment by a crew that had not understood the situation."

The report makes 25 new safety recommendations on top of the 25 called for in a preliminary report last year.

These include better pilot training and improvements to plane warning systems.

"If the BEA thought that this accident was only down to the crew, we would not have made recommendations about the systems, the training... which means that this accident could no doubt have happened to other crews," Mr Troadec added.

In response, Airbus said in a statement that it would "take all measures to contribute to this collective effort towards optimising air safety".

Air France defended its pilots, saying they had responded to confused and conflicting information, including multiple warnings and alarms, aerodynamic（空气动力学的） noises and vibrations⁸.

"In this degraded environment, the crew, combining the competence⁹ of the captain and two co-pilots, remained fully¹⁰ engaged in flying the plane until the last moments," the airline said.

Relatives of some victims say they view the report as more impartial¹¹ than earlier conclusions that blamed the pilots alone.