法国允许辅助自杀

时间：2013-02-18 08:00:05

（单词翻译:单击）

法国医学道德委员会近日通过一项规定，称病人“在神志清醒的情况下坚决、反复要求”结束生命时，应允许对其施行辅助自杀。由此，法国在安乐死合法化进程中又迈进了一步。
 
France's medical ethics1 council moved a step closer to legalizing euthanasia（安乐死） by ruling that assisted suicide should exceptionally be allowed when ailing2 patients make "persistent3, lucid4（明晰的） and repeated requests" to end their life. 
 
Using the term "assisted death" rather than euthanasia, the council invoked5 a "duty to humanity" to allow a patient "suffering from an ailment6（小病，不安） for which the treatment has become ineffective" to die.
 
A medical team, not a sole doctor, would take the decision.
 
The council's conclusions came after President François Hollande asked it to examine the precise circumstances under which such steps could be authorized7, with a view to tabling draft legislation by June.
 
Changes were necessary, he said, as, "the existing legislation does not meet the legitimate8 concerns expressed by people who are gravely and incurably9 ill".
 
A 2005 law already authorizes10 doctors to administer painkilling11 drugs at levels they know will, as a secondary effect, shorten a patient's life.
 
"However, the law can offer no solution to certain cases of prolonged agony or to psychological and/or physical pain that, despite the means employed, remain uncontrollable," said the council.
 
In these rare cases, the patient should be allowed to be administered "suitable, deep and terminal sedation", it said.
 
A report recently handed to the council found that there was widespread dissatisfaction among terminally ill patients and their families over a "cure at all costs" culture in the medical establishment.
 
It had called for doctors to be allowed to take moves to hasten death for terminal patients in three specific sets of circumstances.
 
In the first case, the patient issues an explicit12 request or gives advance instructions in the event of him or her becoming incapable13 of expressing an opinion.
 
The second case envisages14 medical teams withdrawing treatment following a request by the family of a dying and unconscious patient.
 
The third would apply to cases where treatment is serving only to sustain life artificially.
 
The author of the report, Professor Didier Sicard, stressed that he did not support any measures which "suddenly and prematurely15 end life".
 
"We are radically16 opposed to inscribing17 euthanasia in law," he said.
 
He also came out against Swiss-style clinics where people are provided with lethal18 medication to enable them to end their own lives.
 
There are about 3,000 euthanasia cases in France annually19 on average, all of them illegal, according to France's national demographics council.

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1 ethics Dt3zbI     
n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准
参考例句：
  • The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
  • Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。
2 ailing XzzzbA     
v.生病
参考例句：
  • They discussed the problems ailing the steel industry. 他们讨论了困扰钢铁工业的问题。
  • She looked after her ailing father. 她照顾有病的父亲。
3 persistent BSUzg     
adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的
参考例句：
  • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。
4 lucid B8Zz8     
adj.明白易懂的，清晰的，头脑清楚的
参考例句：
  • His explanation was lucid and to the point.他的解释扼要易懂。
  • He wasn't very lucid,he didn't quite know where he was.他神志不是很清醒，不太知道自己在哪里。
5 invoked fabb19b279de1e206fa6d493923723ba     
v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求
参考例句：
  • It is unlikely that libel laws will be invoked. 不大可能诉诸诽谤法。
  • She had invoked the law in her own defence. 她援引法律为自己辩护。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 ailment IV8zf     
n.疾病，小病
参考例句：
  • I don't have even the slightest ailment.我什么毛病也没有。
  • He got timely treatment for his ailment.他的病得到了及时治疗。
7 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的，许可的
参考例句：
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
8 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
9 incurably d85x2     
ad.治不好地
参考例句：
  • But young people are incurably optimistic and women have a special knack of forgetting their troubles. 可是青年人，永远朝着愉快的事情想，女人们尤其容易忘记那些不痛快。
  • For herself she wanted nothing. For father and myself she was incurably ambitious. 她为她自己并无所求，可为父亲和我，却有着无法遏制的野心。
10 authorizes 716083de28a1fe3e0ba0233e695bce8c     
授权，批准，委托( authorize的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings 'traveler' and 'traveller'. 字典裁定traveler和traveller两种拼法都对。
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings "honor" and "honour.". 字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。
11 painkilling 469680e6a0e987d64f6714fe8621826e     
[医]止痛的
参考例句：
  • Painkilling drugs were not enough to relieve her suffering. 止痛药不能缓解她的痛苦。 来自互联网
  • The effect of the painkilling drug didn't wear off for several hours. 止痛药的药效好几个锺头之仍未消失。 来自互联网
12 explicit IhFzc     
adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的
参考例句：
  • She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
  • He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
13 incapable w9ZxK     
adj.无能力的，不能做某事的
参考例句：
  • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
  • Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。
14 envisages ea73402f4b85e7991e1a7bf6243f6fca     
想像，设想( envisage的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • The board envisages that there will be a high profit. 董事会预期将会获得高额利润。
  • The paper reviews and envisages the development trend of carbon electrode. 本文对炭电极的发展方向做了回顾与展望。
15 prematurely nlMzW4     
adv.过早地，贸然地
参考例句：
  • She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产，肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了，不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
16 radically ITQxu     
ad.根本地，本质地
参考例句：
  • I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
  • The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。
17 inscribing sqOzCq     
v.写，刻( inscribe的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Some galleries commemorate donors by inscribing their names on the walls. 一些美术馆把捐赠者的姓名镌刻在墙上以示纪念。 来自辞典例句
  • They kept records by inscribing words on those materials. 他们在这些材料上刻字来记录信息。 来自互联网
18 lethal D3LyB     
adj.致死的；毁灭性的
参考例句：
  • A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
19 annually VzYzNO     
adv.一年一次，每年
参考例句：
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

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