美国枪击伤亡人数显著增加

时间：2014-09-25 08:36:20

（单词翻译:单击）

The number of people killed or wounded in mass shootings in the US has increased dramatically in recent years, an FBI study has found.

FBI的一项研究显示，最近几年在大规模枪击事件中死亡或受伤的人数显著增加。

More than 480 were killed and 557 wounded in 160 "active shooter" incidents from 2000-13, it found.

Two-thirds of incidents ended before police arrived, though only one ended when an armed citizen not working as a security guard responded with gunfire.

The study was prompted by the 2012 massacre¹ at a Connecticut school.

President Barack Obama, a proponent² of stricter gun control, signed a law in 2013 requiring the US justice department to investigate mass shootings.

In the wake of the 2012 killing³ of 20 children and six workers at Sandy Hook Elementary School, his other gun control proposals have largely failed, blocked by senators and congressmen allied⁴ with the powerful gun lobby.

The study defines "active shooter" incidents as scenarios⁵ in which an individual or individuals kill or attempt to kill people in a populated area with firearms.

All but two of the incidents studied by the FBI were committed by a single individual, and in only six instances were the "active shooters" female.

A large majority of these scenarios, 70%, occurred in businesses or educational environments.

In the first seven years studied, an average of six "active shooter" incidents occurred annually⁶. The average rose to 16 per year in the last seven years.

The average number of deaths in such incidents was also higher over the last seven years, including 90 killed in 2012.

Other findings include:

Almost 70% of incidents in which investigators⁷ could ascertain⁸ the duration of the attack were over within five minutes

Fifty-six percent of the shootings ended at the gunman's initiative, whether by suicide, ceasefire or flight

In 21 incidents (13.1%), unarmed civilians⁹ successfully stopped the gunman, including 11 by school employees or students

Five incidents (3.8%) ended when armed individuals who were not police exchanged gunfire with the gunman - four security guards and a single armed bar patron

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收听单词发音

1 massacre
n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀
参考例句：
There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。 If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

2 proponent
n.建议者；支持者；adj.建议的
参考例句：
Stapp became a strong early proponent of automobile seat belts.斯塔普是力主在汽车上采用座椅安全带的早期倡导者。 Halsey was identified as a leading proponent of the values of progressive education.哈尔西被认为是进步教育价值观的主要支持者。

3 killing
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
参考例句：
Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。 Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

4 allied
adj.协约国的；同盟国的
参考例句：
Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。 Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

5 scenarios
n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本
参考例句：
Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法 Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

6 annually
adv.一年一次，每年
参考例句：
Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。 They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

7 investigators
n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )
参考例句：
This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。 The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。来自《简明英汉词典》

8 ascertain
vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清
参考例句：
It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.煤储量很难探明。 We must ascertain the responsibility in light of different situtations.我们必须根据不同情况判定责任。

9 civilians
平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )；老百姓
参考例句：
the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀 At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。