大多数类型的癌症可以归结为运气不好

时间：2015-01-11 05:20:58

（单词翻译:单击）

Most types of cancer can be put down to bad luck rather than risk factors such as smoking, a study has suggested.

研究显示，大多数类型的癌症可以归结为运气不好，而非吸烟等风险因素所致。
 
A US team were trying to explain why some tissues were millions of times more vulnerable to cancer than others.
 
The results, in the journal Science, showed two thirds of the cancer types analysed were caused just by chance mutations rather than lifestyle.
 
However some of the most common and deadly cancers are still heavily influenced by lifestyle.
 
And Cancer Research UK said a healthy lifestyle would still heavily stack the odds2 in a person's favour.
 
So is it time to light-up, drink and eat what you want without a care in the world?
 
It won't come as a surprise that the answer is no.
 
All cancer has an element of chance - a roll of the dice3 that decides whether your DNA4 acquires a mutation1 that leads to cancer.
 
The study shows that two thirds of cancer types are simply chance.
 
But the remaining third are still heavily influenced by the choices we make.
 
Too much booze, time in the sun or being overweight mean we are playing with loaded dice and the odds are not in our favour.
 
Remember smoking accounts for a fifth of all cancers worldwide.
 
These findings are a reminder5 that cancer is often just bad luck and the only option is early detection.
 
But that's not an excuse to give up on those new year's resolutions already.
 
In the US, 6.9% of people develop lung cancer, 0.6% brain cancer and 0.00072% get tumours6 in their laryngeal (voice box) cartilage at some point in their lifetime.
 
Toxins7 from cigarette smoke could explain why lung cancer is more common.
 
But the digestive system is exposed to more environmental toxins than the brain, yet brain tumours are three times as common as those in the small intestine8.

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1 mutation t1PyM     
n.变化，变异，转变
参考例句：
  • People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
  • So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
2 odds n5czT     
n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别
参考例句：
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？
3 dice iuyzh8     
n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险
参考例句：
  • They were playing dice.他们在玩掷骰子游戏。
  • A dice is a cube.骰子是立方体。
4 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
5 reminder WkzzTb     
n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示
参考例句：
  • I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
  • It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。
6 tumours 6654305f758b5b5576a74cb007e8d079     
肿瘤( tumour的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Blood vessels develop abnormally in cancer tumours. 在癌肿瘤中血管出现不正常。
  • This apparatus scans patients' brains for tumours. 这台仪器扫描检查病人的脑瘤。
7 toxins 18c3f40d432ba8dc33bad8fb82873ea8     
n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
  • Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 intestine rbpzY     
adj.内部的；国内的；n.肠
参考例句：
  • This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.这种维生素通过小肠壁被吸收。
  • The service productivity is the function,including external efficiency,intestine efficiency and capacity efficiency.服务业的生产率是一个包含有外部效率、内部效率和能力效率的函数。

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