快餐会影响人体内微生物群 进而引发自身免疫性疾病

时间:2022-01-11 04:22:45

(单词翻译:单击)

据英国《卫报》报道,全球越来越多的人正在承受自身免疫性疾病带来的痛苦。目前,全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增长3%至9%。科学家认为,快餐饮食等外在因素是导致病患增加的重要原因。有证据表明快餐饮食会影响人体内的微生物群,从而引发自身免疫性疾病。
 
伦敦弗兰西斯克里克研究所的两位世界专家詹姆斯·李(James Lee)和卡罗拉· 维努埃萨(Carola Vinuesa)已经成立独立研究小组,研究导致自身免疫性疾病的确切原因。
 
"Numbers of autoimmune cases began to increase about 40 years ago in the west," Lee told the Observer. "However, we are now seeing some emerge in countries that never had such diseases before.
詹姆斯·李告诉《观察家报》:“大约40年前,西方的自身免疫病例开始增加。然而,我们现在看到一些以前从未出现此类病患的国家出现了这种疾病。”
 
For example, the biggest recent increase in inflammatory bowel1 disease cases has been in the Middle East and east Asia. Before that they had hardly seen the disease.”
“例如,近段时间中东和东亚地区的炎性肠病病例增加最多。此前,这些地区几乎没有出现过这种疾病。”
 
Autoimmune diseases range from type 1 diabetes2 to rheumatoid arthritis3, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. In each case, the immune system gets its wires crossed and turns on healthy tissue instead of infectious agents.
自身免疫性疾病包括1型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、炎性肠病和多发性硬化症。上述每种疾病都会使免疫系统出现错乱,攻击自身健康组织而非病原体。
 
In the UK alone, at least 4 million people have developed such conditions, with some individuals suffering more than one. Internationally, it is now estimated that cases of autoimmune diseases are rising by between 3% and 9% a year. Most scientists believe environmental factors play a key role in this rise.
仅在英国,就有至少400万人患上这类疾病,有些人出现不止一种病症。据估计,目前全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增长为3%至9%。大多数科学家认为环境因素在其中发挥重要影响。
 
"Human genetics hasn't altered over the past few decades," said Lee, who was previously5 based at Cambridge University. "So something must be changing in the outside world in a way that is increasing our predisposition to autoimmune disease."
此前在剑桥大学工作的李称:“人类基因在过去几十年里没有改变,因此,一定是外界发生了某种变化,使我们更容易患上自身免疫性疾病。”
 
This idea was backed by Vinuesa, who was previously based at the Australian National University. She pointed6 to changes in diet that were occurring as more and more countries adopted western-style diets and people bought more fast food.
这一想法得到了维努埃萨的支持。曾在澳大利亚国立大学工作的她指出,随着越来越多的国家接受西式饮食,人们购买更多的快餐,饮食正在发生变化。
 
"Fast-food diets lack certain important ingredients, such as fibre, and evidence suggests this alteration7 affects a person's microbiome – the collection of micro-organisms that we have in our gut8 and which play a key role in controlling various bodily functions," Vinuesa said.
维努埃萨说:“快餐饮食缺乏某些重要营养成分,如膳食纤维,有证据表明这种饮食改变会影响人体内的微生物群(肠道微生物群),它们对调节身体各方面功能起着关键作用。”
 
"These changes in our microbiomes are then triggering autoimmune diseases, of which more than 100 types have now been discovered."
“微生物群的这些变化便会引发自身免疫性疾病,目前已经发现了100多种该类型疾病。”
 
Both scientists stressed that individual susceptibilities were involved in contracting such illnesses, ailments9 that also include celiac disease as well as lupus, which triggers inflammation and swelling10 and can cause damage to various organs, including the heart.
两位科学家都强调,患自身免疫性疾病与个体的易感性有关,如乳糜泻和红斑狼疮等自身免疫疾病。红斑狼疮可引发炎症和肿胀,并可导致心脏等各种器官受损。
 
"If you don't have a certain genetic4 susceptibility, you won't necessarily get an autoimmune disease, no matter how many Big Macs you eat," said Vinuesa. "There is not a lot we can do to halt the global spread of fast-food franchises11. So instead, we are trying to understand the fundamental genetic mechanisms12 that underpin13 autoimmune diseases and make some people susceptible14 but others not. We want to tackle the issue at that level."
维努埃萨说:“如果你没有某种遗传易感性,那么无论吃多少巨无霸,都不一定会患上自身免疫性疾病。我们无法阻止快餐连锁店在全球扩张。因此,我们正试图了解导致自身免疫疾病的基本遗传机制,为什么有人易感有人不易感。我们希望在遗传机制上攻克这类疾病。”
 
This task is possible thanks to the development of techniques that now allow scientists to pinpoint15 tiny DNA16 differences among large numbers of individuals. In this way, it is possible to identify common genetic patterns among those suffering from an autoimmune disease.
由于技术的发展,这一目标成为可能。现在,科学家们可以精确定位大量个体之间微小的DNA差异。这样,就有可能在患有自身免疫性疾病的人群中识别出共同的基因模式。
 
"Until very recently, we just didn't have the tools to do that, but now we have this incredible power to sequence DNA on a large scale and that has changed everything," said Lee. "When I started doing research, we knew about half a dozen DNA variants17 that were involved in triggering inflammatory bowel disease. Now we know of more than 250."
李称:“之前我们没有办法做到,但现在我们已经有能力来进行大规模DNA测序,这改变了一切。当我开始做研究时,我们发现了约六种DNA变异与引发炎性肠病有关。现在我们发现了250种以上有关的DNA变异。”
 
Lee also stressed that surging cases of autoimmune diseases across the world meant new treatments and drugs were now urgently needed more than ever before. "At present, there are no cures for autoimmune diseases, which usually develop in young people – while they are trying to complete their education, get their first job and have families," he said.
李还强调,全球自身免疫性疾病病例的激增意味着现在比以往任何时候都迫切需要新的治疗方法和药物。他说:“目前,在年轻人努力完成学业、找到第一份工作和组建家庭的同时,自身免疫性疾病通常会在他们身上发生,但目前尚无治疗方法。”

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1 bowel Bszzy     
n.肠(尤指人肠);内部,深处
参考例句:
  • Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men.女性比男性更易患肠易激综合征。
  • Have you had a bowel movement today?你今天有排便吗?
2 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
3 arthritis XeyyE     
n.关节炎
参考例句:
  • Rheumatoid arthritis has also been linked with the virus.风湿性关节炎也与这种病毒有关。
  • He spent three months in the hospital with acute rheumatic arthritis.他患急性风湿性关节炎,在医院住了三个月。
4 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
5 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
6 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
7 alteration rxPzO     
n.变更,改变;蚀变
参考例句:
  • The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
  • He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。
8 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
9 ailments 6ba3bf93bc9d97e7fdc2b1b65b3e69d6     
疾病(尤指慢性病),不适( ailment的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
  • He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。
10 swelling OUzzd     
n.肿胀
参考例句:
  • Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
  • There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。
11 franchises ef6665e7cd0e166d2f4deb0f4f26c671     
n.(尤指选举议员的)选举权( franchise的名词复数 );参政权;获特许权的商业机构(或服务);(公司授予的)特许经销权v.给…以特许权,出售特许权( franchise的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder. 电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Ford dealerships operated as independent franchises. 福特汽车公司的代销商都是独立的联营商。 来自辞典例句
12 mechanisms d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8     
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 underpin dkVws     
v.加固,支撑
参考例句:
  • China needs regional stability to underpin its continued economic growth.中国需要地区稳定来巩固其持续的经济增长。
  • These developments are underpinned by solid progress in heavy industry.重工业的稳固发展为这些进展打下了基础。
14 susceptible 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
参考例句:
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
15 pinpoint xNExL     
vt.准确地确定;用针标出…的精确位置
参考例句:
  • It is difficult to pinpoint when water problems of the modern age began.很难准确地指出,现代用水的问题是什么时候出现的。
  • I could pinpoint his precise location on a map.我能在地图上指明他的准确位置。
16 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
17 variants 796e0e5ff8114b13b2e23cde9d3c6904     
n.变体( variant的名词复数 );变种;变型;(词等的)变体
参考例句:
  • Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
  • Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样,病毒也有变种,一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

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