2001年英语专业八级考试全真试卷

时间：2006-09-15 00:41:41

（单词翻译:单击）

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)

  In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.?

SECTION A TALK?

Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.?

1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations refer to ___.?
A. the expansion of its loan programme?
B. the inclusion of its hard loans?
C. the inclusion of its soft loans ?
D. the previous lending policies?

2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy??
A. Reluctance¹ of people in poor countries to have small families.?
B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.?
C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.?
D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.?

3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.?
A. be more involved in big infrastructure³ projects?
B. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countries?
C. embark⁴ upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel mills?
D.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector⁵ of society

4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank??
A. Colossal⁶ travel expenses of its staff. ?
B. Fixed⁷ annual loans to certain countries.?
C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects. ?
D. Role as a financial deal maker⁹.?

5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.?
A. biased B. unfriendly C. objective D. sensational¹⁰??

SECTION B CONVERSATION?

  Questions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.?

6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.?
A. many Australians are taking time off to travel?
B. the woman worked for some time in New Zealand?
C. the woman raised enough money for travel?
D. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand?

7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.?
A. cleanness B. multi-ethnicity? C. modern characteristics D. shopping opportunities?

8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___.?
A. respective locations B. historic interests ? C. ancient tombs D. Jewish descendants?

9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout¹¹ Tibet??
A. Amusement. B. Disbelief. C. Ecstasy¹². D. Delig ht?

10. According to the conversation, it was that made the woman ready to stop traveling.?
A. the unsettledness of travel
B. the difficulties of trekking¹³?
C. the loneliness of travel
D. the unfamiliar¹⁵ environment?

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

  Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.

11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.?
A. violated the traffic law?
B. illegally attacked a boxer¹⁶?
C. attacked sb. after a traffic accident?
D. failed to finish his contract?

12. The license¹⁸ granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.?
A. by the end of the year B. in over a year? C. in August D. in a few weeks?

Question 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.?

13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.?
A. they cover the whole story of the former US president?
B. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet¹⁹ Union?
C. they are the only official documents released about Kennedy?
D. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassination²¹?

Question 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,
you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.

14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.?
A. increased slowly B. decreased gradually? C. stayed steady D. become unpredictable?

15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE??
A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.?
B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.?
C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors²² equals the fall in others.?
D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains²³ unchanged.

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

Fill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.?

The Press Conference?

The press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the?

(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___?

submit to scrutiny²⁴ by responding to various questions at a press conference.?

Secondly²⁵, statements previously²⁶ made at a press conference can be used as a?

(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___?

of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news?

to groups of reporters.?

However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___?

possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4.___?

The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conference?

proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___?

be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.?

Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up? to date on journalistic subject matter;?

—(6)___ of the news source: 6.___?

1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to 7.___?

   provide information;?

2)news-gathering methods.?

Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the information?

provided by a news source?

— not knowing the required information;?

— knowing and willing to share the information, but without?

    (8)___ skills; 8.___?

— knowing the information, but unwilling²⁸ to share;?

— willing to share, but unable to recall.?

(9)___ of questions asked 9.___?

Ways of improving the questions:?

    no words with double meanings;?

    no long questions;?

— specific time, place, etc.;?

— (10) questions; 10.___?

— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.

改错
Part Ⅱ Proofreading³⁰ and Error Correction (15 min)
  The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread³¹ the passage and correct it in the following way.? For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.? For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.? For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash³⁴ “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example?
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an? it never／ buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never? them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit?

    During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the?
very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched?
the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___?
they were growers. The marketing³⁶ of wheat became an increasing 2.___?
favorite topic of conversation.?
    War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing?
the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative³⁷ grain?
selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.?
Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___?
not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that?
they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___?
were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___?
On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___?
but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___?
least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run?
wild.?
    Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___?
government appointed a board of grain supervisors³⁹ to deal with?
deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange?
trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the?
board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___?
appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___?
buy, sell, and set prices.

阅读理解 A

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)

SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)?
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.?
   TEXT A
    “Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make i tself into an entertainment centre. ” say Robin⁴⁰ Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches. ?
    As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere⁴² listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted⁸ Kingdom. It was preposterous⁴³.”?
    Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.?
    That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade⁴⁴, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty⁴⁵ and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul⁴⁶ anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided⁴⁷ to make aestheti c improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool rec e ntly spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors⁴⁸ and improving seat ing around the Central Pier⁴⁹ and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity⁵⁰ projects.?
    The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning⁵¹ sand. They look spacious⁵² enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern England. Ken²⁰ Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”?
    Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired⁵³, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”?
    Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered⁵⁴ along a half mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly always now.?
    “You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade⁵⁵ games and rides in helicopters and goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”?
    “But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed³⁸ out.?
    “For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”?
    Afterward⁵⁶ I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor⁵⁷ that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.?
    Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs⁵⁸. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting⁵⁹ even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy⁶⁰, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.?
16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.
A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centre?
B. complied with EC’s standards of clearliness?
C. had no swimming beaches all along?
D. is planning to revive its former attraction?
17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.?
A. have as many beaches as Luxumbourg?
B. have seriously polluted drinking water?
C. boast some imposing⁶¹ seafront sights?
D. attract few domestic holiday makers⁶²?
18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.?
A. emptiness B. cleanliness C. modernity D. monotony

TEXT B
    Pundits⁶³ who want to sound judicious⁶⁴ are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged⁶⁵ into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.?
    In fact, the logic⁶⁷ of catastrophe⁶⁸ was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors⁶⁹——mainly, but not entirely⁷⁰, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking⁷¹ and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge⁶⁶ inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.?
    Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered⁷² because it gets at something r eal: excessively cozy⁷⁴ relationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive⁷⁵ financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect⁷⁶ seemed sensible at the time.?
    Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic⁷⁷ blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary⁷⁸ Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry—— and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all —— a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia —— which refused IM F help, and horrified⁷⁹ respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full cr e dit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.?
    The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance⁸⁰ of the IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform —— whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.?
    Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.?
19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion??
A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.?
B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma⁸¹.?
C. Withdrawal⁸² of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.?
D. Most governments chose one of the two options.?
20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.?
A. well deserved the punishment?
B. invested in a senseless way at the time?
C. were unduly⁸³ punished in the crisis?
D. had bad relationships between government and business?
21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.?
A. were far from a panacea⁸⁴ in all cases?
B. were feasible in their recipient⁸⁵ countries?
C. failed to work in their recipient countries?
D. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries?
22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.?
A. due B. remote C. imaginative D. unpredictable

TEXT C
   Human migration⁸⁶: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways——from the seasonal⁸⁷ drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.?
    Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle⁸⁸ of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.?
    Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable⁸⁹ eco n omic and political turmoil⁹⁰, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.” ?
    But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.?
    “You have a history book written in your genes⁹¹, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.?
    Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic⁹² markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth.? Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.?
    To demographer⁹⁴ Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche⁹⁵. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.?
    Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians⁹⁶.?
    In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize⁹⁷ or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary⁹⁹ enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.?
    “What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller¹⁰⁰, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.?
    It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned¹⁰¹ pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors¹⁰²; political upheavals¹⁰³ displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor¹⁰⁴ s anywhere they could replant hope. ? “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”?
23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT??
A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.?
B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.?
C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable¹⁰⁵ effects.?
D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.?
24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.?
A. human adaptability B. human evolution? C. cultural differences D. inter-group inequalities
25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage³²??
A. Farmers. B. Workers. C. Settlers. D. Colon⁹⁸ izers.?
26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.?
A. loose B. indefinite C. causal D. rem ote?

TEXT D
  ? How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.?
    In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor¹⁰⁶ ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work can be almost infinitely¹⁰⁷ variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.?
    In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated¹⁰⁸ at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential¹⁰⁹ men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.?
27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.?
A. depending on shared conventions?
B. fashioning their own conventions?
C. adjusting their personal feelings?
D. elaborating a common language?
28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.
A. they cave about the possible reaction to their work?
B. public response is one of the primary conceits¹¹¹?
C. they are keenly aware of public interest in their work?
D. they are indifferent toward response to their work?
29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT??
A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.?
B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.?
C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.?
D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.?
30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.?
A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communication?
B. actually differ from other individuals in the same period?
C. have little in common with the society of the time?
D. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society

阅读理解 B

SECTION B ?

TEXT E
  First read the question.?
31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.?
A. review some newly-published interior-design books?
B. explore the potential market for interior-design books?
C. persuade people to buy some good books?
D. stress the importance of reading good books?
Now go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.?
    Do your relationships keep failing? When you leave your home in the morning are you already feeling stressed? Is there no time in your life for fun any mor e? Cancel your appointment with the doctor. What you need is a good interior-des ign book. Publishers have created a new genre¹¹² of books for the home, titles that go beyond paint charts and superficial style and instead show you how your home can be transformed and even heal your life.?
    Dawna Walter is one of the authors leading the way in Britain with her boo k Organized Living that attempts to show how even a tidy sock drawer can improve the quality of your life. Walter is the owner of the Holding Company, a shop on London’s Kings Road which sells hundreds of storage ideas for the home. It has been such a hit that Walter is planning to open four new outlets¹¹³ in the near fu ture. Born in America, Dawna Walter is a fast talker, a self-confessed perfectio nist, and a tidiness fundamentalist. “If it takes 10 minutes for you to find a matching pair of socks in the morning, then you are not in control and your outl ook just isn’t any good. Being organized saves you a couple of hours every week and gives you more time to do the things you enjoy, ”she explains.?
    Her book contains dozens of ideas for streamlining your life. In the kitch en she recommends filing magazine recipes immediately, and organizing them by ty pes-of dishes or particular cooks, and using ice-cube trays to freeze sauces in individual portions. Her ideas seem common sense but nevertheless require you to be at least slightly obsessive¹¹⁵. CDs are a case in point: “How often do you wan³⁵ t to find one particular CD and can’t? Now, how much easier it would be if you p l aced⁹³ them in alphabetical¹¹⁶ order? That will only take an hour. Then divide out th e ones you listen to regularly into a separate section. ”?
    Another recent book in the British market was Sarah Shurety’s Chinese-ins p ired Feng Shui For Your Home. Within 14 days of publication every copy had been sold. Shurety’s room-by-room guide to creating a harmonious¹¹⁷ living space, based on the ancient Chinese tradition Feng Shui, contains rules for how to create the best atmosphere and promote health, wealth and happiness. Dinner party hosts ar e told to place quiet people at the head of the table and facing the door so tha t they will feel more garrulous¹¹⁸; those looking for romance learn to place pink f lowers by their beds; and house-buyers are warned to beware of properties built on sloping foundations if they want stability in their lives.?
    The book Creating Space , by Elizabeth Wilhide, claims that readers followin g its advice will not just improve their homes but transform their lives. Wilhid e believes that as we increasingly work from home, we need to reassess the way o ur houses work(especially when there are children in the household) if we want t o avoid being overran by junk and that feeling of “being mentally weighed down. ” Unfortunately, she admits, she finds it difficult to follow her own advice. She sheepishly confesses to having “dumping zones” in her house, a handbag “that do esn’t bear looking into”, and a car “that’s a no-go zone” But she is undau nted by these small failures. In the future, she says she is determined¹¹⁹ to tidy up he r own life and follow the path to stress-free health , wealth and happiness.
?
TEXT F
First read the question.?
32. The writer of the passage mainly intends to ___.?
A. criticize Germany’s tax system?
B. help companies ease their tax burden?
C. examine the current corporate¹²⁰ tax rates?
D. propose ways to reform the tax system?
Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 32.?
    One major reason for Germany’s high unemployment and the evident weakness o f business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal¹²¹ corporate tax rates are, in fact , very high and it is these rates that potential investors primarily look at. Ho wever, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might seem, be cause the tax base is fairly narrow. This combination in itself tend to encourag e tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by internat ional standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.?
    A reform of corporate taxation¹²², therefore, should start by, reducing tax r ates, cutting subsidies¹²³ and broadening the taxable base. The resulting positive impact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial easing of the net burden.?
    How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation measure up to these goals? The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought down significa ntly, with the ceiling of 35 % being set. To this end, a dramatic reduction in t he corporate tax on retained earnings¹²⁴ is planned. The related drop in revenues i s to be offset¹²⁵ by changes in the rules governing tax breaks.?
    An approach incorporating these basic features would be a welcome step. I f realized in its presents form, it should ensure that the objective of making t ax rates more attractive for businesses is achieved. At the same time, however, it would be unfortunate if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made it i mpossible to attain¹²⁶ the equally important goal of providing relief.?
    Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to cre ate new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. The drop in reve nues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and households would, in time, be at least partially¹²⁷ offset by the larger volume of tax receipts produce d by economic growth. The gaps that remained should primarily be closed through spending cuts. If measure of this sort proved inadequate¹²⁸, then, as a last resort , an increase in indirect taxes could perhaps be considered.?

TEXT G
First read the question.?
33. The following passage emphasizes the role of ___ in health conservation.?
A. advertising¹²⁹ B. research C. governments D. taxation
Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33.?
    Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effo rt to change their life styles. Instead many people continue to smoke, to drink excessively and to eat unbalanced diets. How can governments help people conserv e their health and avoid premature¹³¹ death??
    Well, many of the measures which need to be taken are primarily a matter of new legislation and need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health m easures should be an increase in taxes on tobacco to the point at which consumpt ion falls off. The aim should be to raise the same amount of revenue from a decr easing number of people. In the short term such a policy could even raise extra money which should then be spent on subsidizing sport so that advertising tobacc o through sports sponsorship could be banned.?
    Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as i t persuades people to smoke more and so is in a large part responsible for the i ll health and thousands of premature deaths caused by cancer of the lung. Other measures should be enforced, such as a much tougher health warning on cigarette packets, and tobacco companies should be made to contribute to research into a c ure for lung cancer.?
    Alcoholism could be prevented by making wines, spirits and strong beers mor e expensive and the revenue raised could be used to set up clinics to help the p eople who already have a drink problem and want to give up. Similarly all advert¹³⁰ ising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholic¹³² s who die of cirrhosis of the liver.? A country’s food and agricultural policy should also be based on a coheren t health policy. For political reasons it is considered important to have a relat ively cheap supply of eggs, cheese and milk, the very foods which are blamed as the cause of heart disease when eaten in excess. And even if it is disputed that excess animal fat is detrimental¹³³ to health, foods could be labelled with the av erage percentage of different fats so that consumers who wanted to reduce their saturated¹³⁴ fat intake¹³⁵ would be able to do so easily.?
    Much more could be done to improve people’s diet in Britain and everyone s h ould be encouraged to eat the types of food which are good for health. Current r esearch on the nutritional¹³⁶ value of foods should be freely available and the gov ernment should control the advertising of “rubbish” food. A programme of healt h education and lessons on sensible eating could be started in the schools with th e Government’s backing. ?

TEXT H
First read the question.?
34. The passage is primarily ___ in the development of the thesis.?
A. persuasive B. descriptive?C. narrative D. expository?
Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question 34.?
    The question remains: must we conform? Or can we, somehow, resist the power s that conspire¹³⁷ to domesticate¹³⁸ us? And if so, with what arms are we to redeem¹³⁹ ou r almost-lost manhood? Where are we to find the weapons of resistance??
    I believe that the question of conformity¹⁴⁰, in the long run, answers itself. I think that if there was a possibility, once, of a yes or no——if at one time humans could decide “we must conform” or “we must not” —— that possibilit y ha s been lost in the long reaches of evolution, far back along the corridors of Ti me. The simple truth is that we cannot conform.? Built into man, is an instinct. I have chosen to call it the “instinct of rebellion”, since it reveals itself as a drive or urge toward mastery over ever y obstacle, natural or man-made, that stands as a barrier between man and his dis tant, perhaps never-to-be-achieved but always striven after goals. It is this in stinct that underwrites his survival, this instinct from which he derives¹⁴¹ his na ture: a great and powerful dynamic that makes him what he is——restless, seekin g, curious, forever unsatisfied, eternally straggling and eventually victorious¹⁴². Because of the instinct of rebellion man has never been content with the limits of his body; it has led him to extend his senses almost infinitely, so that his fingers now probe space, his eyes magnify the nuclei¹⁴³ of atoms, and his ears det ect whispers from the bottoms of seas. Because of the instinct of rebellion man has never been content with the limits of his mind; it has led him to inquire th e secrets of the universe, to gather and learn and manipulate the fabulous¹⁴⁴ inven tory of the cosmos¹⁴⁵, to seek the very mysteries of creation.?
    Man is a rebel. He is committed by his biology not to conform, and herein lies the paramount¹⁴⁶ reason for the awful tension he experiences today in relation to Society. Unlike other cream of earth, man cannot submit, cannot surrender hi s birthright of protest, for rebellion is one of his essential dimensions. He ca n not deny it and remain man. In order to live he must rebel. Only total annihila tion of humanity as a species can eliminate this in-built necessity. Only with t he death of the last man will the revolt that is the essence of his nature also die.?

TEXT I
First read the questions.?
35. According to the census¹⁴⁷ prediction, the average male Americans will b e expected to live up to ___ years of age by 2050.?
A.73.3 B.75.1 C.81.3 D. 83.6?
36. Crime experts predict that in the near future crime rates will first decrease in ___.
A. South and Southwest B. North and Northeast? C. Southwest and Midwest D. Northeast and Midwest
Now go through TEXT I quickly to answer questions 35 & 36.?
    If past is prologue¹⁴⁸, then it ought to be possible to draw some modest concl usions about the future from the wealth of data about America’s present. Will t h e rate continue to fall? Will single-person households actually swamp the tradit ional family??
    All projections¹⁴⁹, of course, must be viewed with a healthy dose of skeptici sm. Nonetheless, the urge to make sense of what lies ahead is inescapable. After the 1980 census, the Census Bureau decided for the first time to venture some f orecasts of its own for the decades to come. Working from what America already k nows about itself, the bureau’s experts and other demographers¹⁵⁰ offer an irresis tible, if clouded, crystal ball among their visions.?
    According to the census projections, female life expectancy will increase from 78.3 years in 1981 to 81.3 in the year 2005. The life expectancy of America n men will grow from 70.7 for babies born in 1981 to 73.3 years in 2005.And by t he year 2050, women will have a life expectancy of 83.6 years and men of at leas t 75.1. ?
    Annual population growth will slow to almost nothing by 2050. In fact, the Census Bureau predicts that the rate of natural increase will be negative after 2035; only continuing immigration will keep it growing after that. The total pop ulation will be 268 million in 2000 and 309 million—an all-time high—in 2050. After that, it will start to decline.?
    The American population will grow steadily¹⁵¹ older. From 11.4 percent in 198 1, the proportion of the population that is 65 and over will grow to 13.1 percen t in 2000 and 21.7 percent in 2050. The percentage of the population that lives beyond the age of 85 will mere than quintuple over the same period. Meanwhile th e median age—30.3 in 1981— will rise to 36.3 by 2000 and 41.6 50 years later.
? When it comes to the quality of life, more prognosticators are fairly cauti ous. John Hopkins sociologist¹⁵² Andrew Cherlin observes that “as we enter the 198 0 s, the pace of change appears to have slowed.” For the next few decades, he pre d icts, there may be only modest swings in the marriage, birth and divorce rates—giving society time to adjust to the new patterns that have formed in recent y ears. “We are in a plateau in our family patterns that will likely last awhile, ”Cherlin maintains. Crime expert Alfred Blumstein, who foresees a drop in crime over the coming decade, predicts that the Northeast and Midwest, with stable but aging populations, will see the falloff first; for the South and Southwest, wit h their large proportions of younger people, the improvement will come less quic kly.?

TEXT J
First read the questions.?
37. The formal diplomatic relations between China and the United States w ere established on ___.?
A. February 28,1972 B. January 28,1979? C. December 16,1978 D. January 1,1979
38. The Five Principles for the establishment of a new type of Sino -US r elationship were put forward by Chinese President Jiang Zemin in ___.?
A. Seattle B. Jakarta ?C. Manila D. New York
Now go through TEXT J quickly to answer questions 37 & 38.?
    The following is a list of some of the major events in Sino-US relations fr om February 1972 to May 1998.?
    February 21 — 28, 1972 : The US President Richard Nixon paid an official vi sit to China, during which a Sino-US joint¹⁵⁴ communique was issued in Shanghai.?
    May 1, 1973 : The liaison¹⁵⁵ offices set up by China and the US in each other’ s capital started functioning.?
    December 16, 1978 : China and the US issued a joint communique which called for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries on Janua ry 1,1979.?
    January 1, 1979 : China and the US formally established diplomatic ties.?
    January 28—February 5,1979 : Then Chinese vice-Premier Deng Xiaoping paid a n official visit to the US, during which two agreements were signed on scientifi c , technological¹⁵⁶ and cultural co-operation between the two countries.?
    August 17, 1982 : The Chinese and the US governments issued a joint communiq ue under which the US promised to gradually reduce its sales of weapons to Taiwa n until the complete settlement of the problem.?
    April 26—May 1, 1984 : Then US President Ronald Reagan visited China, durin g which the two countries signed four agreements on avoiding double-taxation and tax evasion¹⁵⁷ and initiated¹⁵⁸ an agreement on co-operation on the peaceful use of n uclear energy.?
    July 23 —31, 1985 :Then Chinese President Li Xiannian visited the US, the first visit by a Chinese head of state since the founding of the People’s Repub lic of China in 1949.?
    February 25 — 6, 1989 : Then US President George Bush paid a working visit to China.? November 19, 1993 : Chinese President Jiang Zemin held talks with US Preside nt Bill Clinton during the informal Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) le adership meeting in Seattle.?
    November 14, 1994 : Chinese President Jiang Zemin, on the sidelines of atten ding an informal APEC leadership meeting in Bogor, met US President Bill Clinton in Jakarta and put forward the Five Principles for the establishment of a new t ype of Sino-US relationship.? October 24, 1995 : Chinese President Jiang Zemin met US President Bill Clin ton in New York while attending the special conference held for marking the 50a anniversary of the founding of the United Nations.?
    November 24, 1996 : Chinese President Jiang Zemin met US President Bill Cli nton at an informal APEC leadership meeting in Manila.?
    February 24, 1997 : US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited China.
  October 26—November 3, 1997 : Chinese President Jiang Zemin paid a state v isit to the US, the first by a Chinese president in 12 years. A joint communique , issued on October 29, called on the two countries to strengthen co-operation a nd strive for the establishment of a constructive¹⁵⁹ strategic partnership¹⁶⁰ oriented to the 21(th) century, in a bid to promote world peace and development.?
    March 14, 1998 : The US declared that the US-Chinese Agreement on Co-operat ion on the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, which had been dormant¹⁶¹ for 13 years, could now come into effect.?
    April 29—May 1, 1998 : US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Ch ina. An agreement was signed between the two countries on the establishment of a direct secure telephone link.?

TEXT K
First read the questions.?
39. Whose works would you most probably choose to read if you were intere sted in satire¹⁶²?A. Alexander Pope. B. Oliver Goldsmith.? C. R. B. Sheridan. D.W.M. Thackeray.? 40. Which of the following writers was a Nobel-Prize winner??
A. Alexander Pope. B. John Galsworthy.? C. Thomas Hardy¹⁶³. D.W.M. Thackeray.?
Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 & 40.?
    JOHN GALSWORTHY ( 1867 — 1933) Although John Galsworthy wrote many good p lays, it is as a novelist and creator of the Forsyte family that he is best reme mbered. The whole progress and background of the Forsyte family over a period of forty years is told with great skill and charm in a series of novels. Galsworth y was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932.?
    OLIVER GOLDSMITH ( 1728 — 1774) Born and educated in Ireland, Oliver Gold smith travelled widely in his earlier years and the knowledge and experience he accumulated were later put to good use. He arrived in London where he made the a cquaintance of Samuel Johnson, who helped him sell a short novel, The Vicar of W akerfield. His drama She Stoops to Conquer, produced in 1773, was a great succes s.?
    THOMAS HARDY ( 1840 — 1928) The wild heaths of mid-Dorset are Thomas Hardy country; he was born here, the Wessex of his novels. Hardy’s impressions of th e countryside and of nature were the staple¹⁶⁴ of much of his writing. Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, The Return of the Native and Far from the Madding Crowd are his best-known books. Hardy is also remembered for his poetry and drama.?
    ALEXANDER POPE (1688- 1744) Alexander Pope, poet and satirist¹⁶⁵, was born in the City of London. He was largely self-educated and at an early age showed the satirical skill and metrical ingenuity¹⁶⁶ on which much of the fame rests. The Rape of the Lock, published in 1712,established Pope’s reputation .He occupies a hi gh place among English poets.?
    R. B. SHERIDAN (1751 - 1816) Richard Brinsley Sheridan, dramatist and poli tician, was born in Ireland but educated in England. Although at first unsuccess ful, when Sheridan came to London he made his name as the writer of such comedie s as The Rivals, The School for Scandal and The Critic, which brilliantly expose d the intellectual and social pretensions¹⁶⁷ of the time. These place Sheridan in t he forefront of the great English dramatists. He also shone as an orator¹⁶⁸ in Parl iament.

翻译

试卷二 (120 min)?
??
Part Ⅳ Translation (60 min)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH?
Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your t ranslation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.??
    乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说： “钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是的趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”?

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE?

Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Writer your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.?
    Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighbo rhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline o f heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved¹⁶⁹ of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more impor tant efforts.?
    Effort is the gist¹⁵³ of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life- engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactio n we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke¹⁷⁰ of “The pleas u re of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports¹⁷¹ to be effortless.?
    We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without diffi culty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is e asier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly ar bitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

写作

Part Ⅴ Writing (60 min)
The Internet is about to take off in China. As many as 9 million people are online, a number that is estimated to hit 20 million by the end of 2000. It is predicted that this phenomenal growth will have great impact on our society and economy. Choose ONE aspect of our society or economy where you think the impact will be most strongly felt, and write an essay of about 300 words entitled.??
THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON ...?
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate deta ils. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclu sion or a summary.? Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failur e to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.?

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

答案部分

听力原文??

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION?

SECTION A TALK?

    The World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid i s passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. I ts scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billi on a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important c hanges have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasi s of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan p rogram. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includ es hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, w hich are allocated¹⁷³ to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.?
   In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take i nto account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. U nfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a li nk between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fer tility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducin g better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income di stribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly i mprove the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from b uilding dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.?
   A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital inv estment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they cr eated much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they hav e in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on wer e left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant tha t the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the fi rst case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country’s populatio n. ?
   The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating¹⁷⁴ the growth of the small busine sses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportuniti es for people with lower incomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord¹⁷⁵ supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Als o, the large growth of the organization’s personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank’s policy of setting annua l target for lending to specified¹⁷⁶ countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than e ncourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes.?
   Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one shoul d be aware of over-estimating the bank’s impact. Take Hong Kong for example. I ts changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of produ ction. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper⁷³ without the b ank’s aid as well.??

SECTION B CONVERSATION??

W: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing.?
M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off??
W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.?
M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it’s possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander??
W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. Y ou know you can work in either country.’?
M: Right, yeah.?
W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled aro und the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India. ?
M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Isla nds??
W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands.?
M: What about Singapore? People said it’s very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it’s rather boring. Did you find that??
W: Well, it’s difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it’s a great big shopping center an d I really enjoy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.?
M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then Ch ina? That’s a great country to travel in, isn’t it??
W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then??
M: No, I haven’t. No, I mean it’s very big. What did you do??
W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vast country as China. I felt I didn’t have enough time, so I sacrifc ed a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.?
M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to??
W: That was Kaifeng in central China’s Henan province. It’s a charming city, a nd has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas¹⁷⁷, very traditional.?
M: Eh, eh.?
W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifen g many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. Th ey have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred des cendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.?
M: Really, I’ve never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng??
W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial¹⁷⁸ city of Ningxia Hui autonomou s region.
M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water??
W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical¹⁷⁹ posit³³ on in otherwise harsh surroundings.?
M: What did you see there then??
W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outsi de Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques¹⁸⁰ in the architectural style of Middle East. It’s really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.?
M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that??
W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.?
M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think??
W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I’ve never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.?
M: And you said you went to Nepal as well??
W: Yeah, eh, that’s a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans---there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was g ood because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.?
M: How long did you trek¹⁴ for??
W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.?
M: Was it very tiring??
W: No, it wasn’t actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don’t pace y ou rself too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don’t have to walk very far, so that was great.?
M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop trav elling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly yo u’re here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel??
W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, a nd washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for long er than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don’t think I could keep doi n g it. I mean I’ve met people who’ve been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn' t do it.?
M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it’s something I should try after this.?
W: I think you really should.?

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

News Item 1(For Questions 11-12)?

    Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany’s Axo Shos or Denmark’s Brian Nielsen here on August 21 in the heavy weight’s first fight s in ce his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. “Augu s t 21st is certainly a day we’re looking at,” Showtime board director, James Lock en s said , “Hopefully in the next few days we’ll have something concrete”. Nevada boxing officials revoked¹⁸¹ Tyson’s license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield’s ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn’t expire until the end of the year. That came b efore the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim’s support.??

News Item 2(For Question 13)?

    The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy’s assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for seve r al years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing¹⁸² t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surpri sed US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private ar chives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.??

News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)?

    Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 mo n ths, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate th at from March to May this year, the size of the labor¹¹⁰ force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed¹⁸³ people stood at 216,000. The numb⁴¹ er of cases of insolvency¹⁸⁴, sensational businesses and retrenchment¹⁸⁵, and numbers of workers affected¹⁸⁶ these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involvi ng 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from Ma rch to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an inc rease in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation¹⁸⁷, maintenance, whole sale, a nd retail¹⁸⁸ and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, impo rt and export and financing sectors ??

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

The Press Conference?

    Press conferences are an all too familiar phenomena¹⁷² around us. However, wh en people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to t hink of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event”, and the event contrived¹⁸⁹ to create news cove² rage, where none has considered wanted. ?
   However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic¹⁹⁰ nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continu e the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to e xamination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Stat ements from the press conference can serve as criteria¹⁹¹ against subsequent statem ents and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news mediu m. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new governm ent program, an earthquake, or the nomination¹⁹² of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The pre ss conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format²⁷.?
   Now let’s move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Genera l ly speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking¹⁹³, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Pre ss conferences televise live for the news audience, sometimes only highlights th e disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to chall enge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. ? Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source i n share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press confere nces as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component¹⁹⁴ of the news source and nature of the questions asked.?
   Let’s look at the preparation first. The nature of much news coverage¹⁹⁵ re q uires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professi onals and craftsmen¹⁹⁶, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject m atter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. ? Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the compet ence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sourc es would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask thems elves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? ? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence¹⁹⁷, first, the reporter shoul d not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. ? Let’s just spend a few minutes on the first point. There are generally 4 condit i ons under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source informati on. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the so urce may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skil ls or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.?
   Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is ,the nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of th e question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy” may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately¹⁹⁸ as possible, repo rters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify¹⁹⁹ the time, pl ace²⁹ and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often hel pful to ask questions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate¹¹⁴ and recent exp e rience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit²⁰⁰ all the altern ative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make non e of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answe r and not mentioning other alternatives.?
   OK, to sum up, today’s lecture has covered some of the advantages and dis a dvantages of the press conference, and three important factors and successful ne ws coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a co mpetent news reporter.??

答案与详解??

PAPER ONE?

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION?

SECTION A TALK?

  1.答案：A?
【问句译文】世界银行运行系统变大系统的变化指的是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“What immediately strikes anyone looking at the len ding figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the ?bank’s? lo an program.”由此可知，选项A为正确答案。?

2.答案：C?
【问句译文】是什么使得银行改变其借贷政策？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】录音在提及银行借贷政策的改变时说“Thus by improving basic health servi ces, by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting m ore even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fert ility rate will be achieved. This advancing thinking persuaded the bank to chang e　its overall　lending strategy．”这里提到了一些改变贫穷国家现状的措施，由“a lower and more acceptable”可知，从根本上促使政策改革的原因应为选项C。?

3.答案：Ｄ?
【问句译文】银行借贷政策重点的变化意味者银行将会怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】在提到投资对象时，谈话者说“Many of its major capital investment had s carcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much em ployment.”因此银行决定加大对劳动密集型活动的援助，故答案选D。?

4.答案：D?
【问句译文】下列哪一项不是对银行的批评？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】谈话者说“…the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of financial deal-maker,…”即世界银行应该作为财政的决策者，这一点应得到肯定，而不是批评，故选项D为正确答案。?

5.答案：C?
【问句译文】在整个谈话中，作者在介绍世界银行时是什么态度？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】谈话者对世界银行的职能、现状、改进作了客观评论，并未表达出自己的个人感情。因此选项C“客观的”为正确答案。?

SECTION B CONVERSATION?

6.答案：B?
【问句译文】男士对什么事实感到吃惊？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】当女士说她在新西兰找了一份在计算机公司做秘书的工作时，男士说“Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it’s possible for anyone to get a job in New Ze aland, without being a New Zealander?”不是新西兰本土人也可以找到一份工作，因此他感到惊奇，故选项B为正确答案。?

7.答案：D?
【问句译文】那位女土喜欢新加坡的主要原因是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】当男士提出由于新加坡过于的现代化，所以人们觉得它很乏味，接着他问女士的感受。女士回答说：“And it’s a great big shopping center and I really enjoy it f rom that point of view.”由此可知吸引女士的是购物机遇，故答案选D。?

8.答案：B?
【问句译文】从对话中我们可得知开封和银川留给这位女士的怎样印象？?
【试题分析】本题为概括题。?
【详细解答】对话中提到了开封和银川的地理位置，犹太人的后代，古老的宝塔，归纳起来便是历史情趣吸引了她，答案选B。?

9.答案：C?
【问句译文】下列哪一项最能形容女士对西藏的感受？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】当男士问到她游历过的最有趣的地方时，女士回答说“I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I’ve never been anywhere so different.” ，由此可知，选项C“狂喜”最能体现她的感受。?

10.答案：A?
【问句译文】根据谈话内容，是什么使得她暂停了旅行？?
【试题分析】本题为概括题。?
【详细解答】在谈到准备暂停旅行时，女士说“You get pretty sick, wearing the same cl othes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days.”穿着同样的衣服，在不同的旅馆里去洗它们使她感到厌烦，在同一个地方呆的时间从没有超过两天，由此可推知：她想停下居无定所的生活，故答案选 A。?

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

News Item 1?

11.答案：C?
【问句译文】泰森为何于去年八月被关入监狱？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】新闻中提到“…for an assault in the wake of traffic accident last Augu st.”由此可知，泰森是因为在一次交通事故中动手打人而被捕入狱。?

12.答案：A?
【问句译文】泰森在什么日期前得不到拳击比赛的许可证？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?

【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“But they plan no action on Tyson because the licen se they granted him to fight doesn’t expire until the end of the year.”由此可知，答案选A。?

News Item 2?

13.答案：B?
【问句译文】为何俄罗斯的档案应受到重视？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】新闻第二句说“The documents which the Russian gave the United States o n Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy’s assassin Lee Harvey O swald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years …”，由于刺杀肯尼迪的凶手逃至前苏联生活了好几年，因此俄罗斯的档案应受到重视。?

News Item 3?

14.答案：C?
【问句译文】在近三个月里，香港的失业率情况如何？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】新闻开头就说“Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3 % in the past 3 months,…”由此可知，在过去的三个月里，香港失业率稳定在6.3%，因此答案选C。?

15.答案：C?
【问句译文】根据该新闻，下列哪一选项是正确的？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】新闻中提到各部门失业率有不同幅度地上涨或下降，但新闻首句就告诉我们说失业率保持在6.3％不变。由此可推断出一些部门失业率上升，另外一些部门失业率下降，从而保持总的失业率稳定不变，故答案选C。?

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

1.答案：symbolic ?
【详细解答】在提到新闻发布会的第一个优点时说“…one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event.”由此可直接填写“symbolic” 。?

2.答案：reference ?
【详细解答】在提到新闻发布会的另一个优点时说“In that regard, press conference inf ormation may be used as reference point,…” 由此可直接填写“reference”。?
3.答案：reporters ?
【详细解答】由录音“…the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that o fficials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public conce rn and interest.”可知，这里说的是从“记者们”（reporters）的观点来看问题。?

4.答案：format ?
【详细解答】本段录音的最后一句说“The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.” 由此可直接填写“format”。?

5.答案：disadvantage?
【详细解答】前面讲的是新闻发布会的优点（advantage），下面接着就要转入谈它的缺点了（disadvantage）。?

6.答案：component ?
【详细解答】由录音“…the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.”可直接填写“component”。?

7.答案：competence ?
【详细解答】由关键句“…the competence of the news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods.”可知，此处应填写“competence”。?

8.答案：verbal ?
【详细解答】由关键句“…but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so.”可知，这里说的是“口头表达”（verbal）技能。?

9.答案：nature ?
【详细解答】由录音“…that is, the nature of questions asked.” 可知，此处应填写“ nature”。?

10.答案：asking?
【详细解答】这里提到了五条改进提问的方法，第四条是“it is often helpful to ask que stions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate”，根据上下文，此处应该用它的动名词形式，故填写“asking”。

改错

PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION?

1.答案： as→so ?
【详细解答】由于本句中的 much修饰的是名词 feeling，应改用so来修饰。?
2.答案：increasing→increasingly ?
【详细解答】 increasing可用来修饰名词，表示“正在增加”，修饰名词topic不合题意。本句中应该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite，所以应该改用副词increasingly。?
3.答案：so→but ?
【详细解答】根据上下文判断，小麦价格在秋天不断下降，但是农民不能等着市场提升价格。这里应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。?
4.答案：soon或shortly ?
【详细解答】要表达“不久以后”，要么用soon after，要么用shortly after，就是没有soo n shortly after这种搭配。?
5.答案：rich→richer ?
【详细解答】根据上下文，这里是说由于价格上涨，投机商们变得更加富有，故应该改用形容词的比较级形式。?
6.答案：asked∧→for ?
【详细解答】ask for为固定搭配，意为“要求，请求”。?
7.答案：involving→involved ?
【详细解答】be involved in为一固定搭配，意为“被卷入…”，这里的be为连系动词，可用 become替换。?
8.答案：1ife→living ?
【详细解答】根据上下文，这里要表达的意思是“生活费用”，应为living costs。life则意为“生命”，不能修饰costs。?
9.答案：handle→deal或with?
【详细解答】handle为及物动词，应直接带宾语。而固定搭配deal with与handle同义，都表示 “处理(某事)”。?
10.答案：total→full?
【详细解答】total意为“总体的，全体的”，指一种整体的概念。而这里要表达的是“全部的权威”，英语中常用full authority。

阅读理解 A
SECTION A ?
TEXT A ?
短文大意：本文介绍的是一个叫做Blackpool的地方。在二十年前是一片繁荣景象，如今却是一片荒凉。当地政府正在采取措施。?
16.答案：D?
【参考译文】文章开头似乎在暗示Blackpool怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】文章的开头引用一位当地官员的话说“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned i ts back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre.” 然后又谈到了现在的情况“Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the se a and make Blackpool a family destination again.”通过前后对比可知，选项D “Blac kpool打算恢复它以前的面貌”为正确答案。?
17.答案：B?
【参考译文】由该短文可知，Blackpool以前的状况怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题。?
【详细解答】短文第三段最后一句说“For the first time since the industrial revoluti on Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.”? 由此可知，该处以前的水源同样是受到污染的，故答案选B。 ?
18.答案：A?
【参考译文】Blackpool海滩给参观者印象最深的是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第五段首句说“The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are.”由此可知选项A为正确答案。
?
TEXT B ?
短文大意：本文主要论述的是1997年的亚洲金融危机的危害及其爆发的原因。?
19.答案：D?
【参考译文】根据该短文，下列哪一项不是作者的观点？?
【试题分析】本题为排除题。?
【详细解答】短文第二段最后几句说“In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ sp lit the difference- and paid a heavy price regardless.”由此可知，亚洲经济危机时期各国均陷入经济两难境地，既不能任由本国货币猛跌，也不能提高存款利率。选项D与该说法相矛盾，故不是作者的观点。?
20.答案：C?
【参考译文】作者认为那些亚洲国家如何？?
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题。?
【详细解答】短文第三段最后一句说“But the punishment was surely disproportionate t o the crime,…”由此可知，作者认为那些亚洲国家遭受的惩罚过度了，故答案选C。?
21.答案：A?
【参考译文】从该短文可以推知IMF的经济复苏政策如何？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】虽然IMF对韩国的经济复苏起了一定作用，短文第四段却说“Never mind that o ther IMF clients have done far worse,…”接着以马来西亚为例，说明IMF的政策不是万能的，故答案选A。 ?
22.答案：B?
【参考译文】在短文的末尾，作者认为亚洲国家经济全面复苏是怎样的？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文最后一段的最后一句说“…they have a long way to go.”即这些国家（的经济全面复苏）有很长的路要走。故选项B“遥远的”为正确答案。?
TEXT C ?
短文大意：本文主要论述的是人类为何迁居以及迁居所带来的影响。?
23.答案：D?
【参考译文】下列哪一种说法是错误的？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文第三段首句说“Migration is the dynamic undertow of population chan ge: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict.”由此可知，人口迁移对社会人口变化有影响，故可排除选项A；短文第四段最后一句说“Migration helped create humans, dro ve us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.” 由此可知，人口迁移影响着社会政治经济的变化，同时也促进了社会的发展变化，故可排除选项B和C；而全文没有提及选项D的意思，故为正确答案。?
24.答案：B?
【参考译文】根据Kingsley Davis的观点，下列哪一项不是造成人类迁移的原因？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文第八段分析了造成人类迁移的两个方面的原因。第一点是人类的适应性（ad apt to different conditions）；第二点是人类文化的差异性及群体之间的不平等性（cul tures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups），故可排除选项 A、C、D。?
25.答案：A?
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是短文中提到的移居者？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。?
【详细解答】短文倒数第二段讲述了几起重大事件引起的人口迁移：宗教运动引起了早期移民（religions spawned pilgrims or settlers）；战争为殖民者提供了场所（wars drove refugees）；经济技术革新吸引了大批工人与企业家（economic innovations drew worke rs and entrepreneurs）。因此可排除D（殖民者）、B（工人）和C（移居者）。?
26.答案：C?
【参考译文】重大事件与人类迁移之间是怎样的关系？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文倒数第二段首句说“It is difficult to think of any great events tha t did not involve migration.”该否定句强调说明了重大事件与人类迁移之间因果相承关系，故答案选C。?

TEXT D ?
  短文大意：本文论述的是科学家和艺术家们如何表达思想，进行社会交流的。?
27.答案：B?
【参考译文】富有创造力的艺术家与思想家是如何进行交流的？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段第三句指出，富有创造力的艺术家与思想家是“… in one way tha t of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing th e language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his pr ecise meaning.”选项B与此意一致，故为正确答案。?
28.答案：D?
【参考译文】从事创造性工作的艺术家和科学家们共同的特征是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段最后几句说“Many artists and scientists share this fundamen tal unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be g lad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work i s being done there can be no argument.”由此可知，他们只看重作品本身，而不在意人们对他们创作的反应，故答案选D。?
29.答案：C?
【参考译文】根据该短文，下列哪一种说法是不正确的？?
【试题分析】本题为排除题。?
【详细解答】从短文第二段中可找出选项A、B和D的意思。由“For it is not only a commun ication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communicat ion system which is in fact part of himself. ”可知，无论任何人在创作过程中都必将会受到社会的影响，故答案选C。?
30.答案：A?
【参考译文】文章结尾处暗示了那些具有创造力的人们感到孤独，其原因是他们怎样？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】短文最后一句话“The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.”这里是说，他们其实与当时的社会以及同时代其他人之间都存在着许多共同点，但他们自己不承认。因此他们感到孤独的真正原因是没有找到合适的表达方式。故答案选A。
阅读理解 B
TEXT E ?
短文大意：这是一篇关于几本新书的评论文章。?
31.答案：A?
【参考译文】本文的写作目的是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】文章第一段第五句说“What you need is a good interior-design book.”作者于是分别介绍了几本有关室内设计的书刊。由此可见，作者是在建议人们看一些有关室内设计的书。故答案选A。?
TEXT F ?
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是德国税收制度改革情况。?
32.答案：D?
【参考译文】本文作者的主要写作目的是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】通过扫读文中的黑体字“One major reason”，“A reform”，“How do”，“ An approach”和“Comprehensive tax reform”可知本文作者主要是讲述税收制度改革措施，故答案选D。?
TEXT G ?
短文大意：本文主要论述的是政府在保护大众健康方面应起的作用。?
33.答案：C?
【参考译文】本文主要强调了下列哪一项在健康话题中的角色？?
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。?
【详细解答】短文第一段最后一句提出问题“How can governments help people conserve²⁰¹ t heir health and avoid premature death? ”下文便开始讲述政府应在烟草、酒精、垃圾广告各方面多作工作。由此可知，全文主要是谈论政府在健康问题上的角色。故答案选C。
TEXT H ?
短文大意：本文主要阐述的是人类反叛的本性。?
34.答案：A?
【参考译文】随着文章论点的展开，文章的写作特点是什么？?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。?
【详细解答】分析文章段落内容从提出问题（must we conform?），然后对该问题进行分析，最后回答解决问题的方法，由此可见，作者论述了“人类具有反叛的本性”这一论点，据有一定的说服力。故答案选A“阐述性”。?
TEXT I ?
短文大意：本文是对美国未来的一些社会情况进行的预测。?
35.答案：B?
【参考译文】根据人口调查预计，到2050年美国男性平均寿命能达到多少岁？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第三段最后一句说“And by the year 2050, women will have a life exp ectancy of 83.6 years and men of at least 75.1.”由此可直接得出正确答案为B。?
36.答案：D?
【参考译文】犯罪专家估计在不久的将来犯罪率将首先在哪些地区降低？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。? 【详细解答】短文最后一段最后一句指出“Crime expert Alfred Blumstein, who foresees a drop in crime over the coming decade, predicts that the Northeast and Midwest, …” 由此可直接得出正确答案为D。?
TEXT J ?
短文大意：本文是从1972到1998有关中美交往的记事表。?
37.答案：D?
【参考译文】中美何时建立正式的外交关系？?
【试题分析】本题为时间题。?
【详细解答】快速查看全文，在记事表第五段说“January 1, 1979: China and the US form ally established diplomatic ties.”故答案选D。?
38.答案：B?
【参考译文】建立新型中美关系的五项基本原则是江泽民在何什么地方提出来的？?
【试题分析】本题为地点题。?
【详细解答】快速查看全文，在记事表第十二段说“November 14, 1994: Chinese President Jiang Zemin, on the sidelines of attending an informal APEC leadership meeting in Bogor, met US President Bill Clinton in Jakarta and put forward the Five Prin ciples for the establishment of a new type of Sino-US relationship.”这里记录的是江泽民和克林顿在雅加达（Jakarta）会面签订了五项基本原则。故答案选B。?
TEXT K ?
短文大意：本文介绍的是五位作家及其主要作品。?
39.答案：A?
【参考译文】如果你对讽刺小说感兴趣，你很可能选择谁的作品阅读？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】短文第四段第一句说“Alexander Pope, poet and satirist,…”由此可知，Al exander Pope是一位诗人和讽刺作家，故答案选A。?
40.答案：B?
【参考译文】下列哪一位作家是诺贝尔奖获得者？?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。?
【详细解答】文章第一段最后一句说“Galsworthy was awarded the Nobel Prize for Liter ature in l932。”由此可知，Galsworthy于1932年获得诺贝尔文学奖，故答案选B。

翻译
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH?
参考译文?
    Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: “Where there is fish and w ater, there is good environment, and good environment fills one’s heart with joy (makes one feel delighted, delights everyone, gives delight to everyone). I thi nk the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hung ry fish are ready (provided) for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural. ”Fishing (Angling) is a game that can help improve one’s temperament²⁰² (character). It is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The s econd stage is for eating fish and for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well. (The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fis h. ) The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing facing a pool of gree n water, one casts (throws) aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys (takes) a good rest, both mental and physical.”?
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE?
参考译文?
梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。
    付出努力才是其本质所在，除非我们终生与困难为伴，否则就无幸福可谈。正如济慈所言，除去不可能做的事，我们一生获得的满足有多大，取决于我们选择的困难有多强。罗伯特·福剂罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也有异曲同工之理。就通常宣传的幸福而言，其致命弱点在于声称不用付出努力即可获得幸福。?
    我们甚至在竞赛中寻求困难。我们需要困难，因为没有困难也就无所谓竞赛，竞赛是制造困难以求得乐趣之道。竞赛规则就是任意强加的困难。违犯竞赛规则就是破坏乐趣。下棋时，随心所欲，肆意更改强制之规更易获胜。然而乐趣源于获胜而又遵守规则。没有困难就没有乐趣。
写作
【参考范文】?
The Impact of the Internet on Education?
    The Internet is making the world smaller and is changing every aspect of ou r life. There can be no doubt that the Internet will have greater impact on our society and economy. The impact, in my opinion, will be strongly felt in the asp ect of education. ?
    First, the Internet provides equal opportunities for all students, as long as they can get access to the Internet. In the traditional form of education, st udents who get higher marks in examination may enter a better school, and those who do not have to enter a relatively²⁰³ less good one. With the Internet, every st udent is provided with the same sources of education, so they can get equal oppo rtunities to improve themselves. In that case, the general quality of education will be highly improved in our country.?
    Second, the Internet poses a challenge, not a danger really to teacher. Tra ditionally, teachers are the dominator of education, and students are fixed to t he instruction of several specific teachers. This, in fact, may result in the la ziness of teachers, since there is no competition. With the Internet, a student may choose any teacher’s instruction as far as he likes it, which is an incentiv e to the faculty²⁰⁴ of teachers. Faced with this, a teacher is likely to try his be st to improve his instruction and this will in turn improve the educational qual ity of our country.?
    Last but not least, the internet makes education more convenient for the st udents. A student can learn at any time he likes and, at the same time, save the money spent on tuition and board. All of these may head to a revolution of educ ation. ?
    After ail¹⁷, I am not exaggerating the influence of the Internet on education . It is true that the Internet may still remain out of the reach of some one and may be less amicable²⁰⁵ than human teachers. But the point is that, the Internet i s sure to accelerate the development of education.?
    With the Internet, let us make the education of our country into a better existence!?

本套真题测试的语言重点：
重点单词：?
prevail 流行，盛行?
preposterous 荒谬的?
tumultuous 喧嚣的?
demographer 人口统计学家?
niche 【生】小生境?
bedraggled 衰败的，破旧的?
cirrhosis 【医】硬化?
annihilation 灭绝?
重点词组：?
bottom out 降至最低点?
average out 达到平均数?
sweep up 扫除，清除?
in a way 在某种程度上，稍微?
fall off 下降，跌落，减少，衰退?
strive for 为……奋斗，争取

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1 reluctance
n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿
参考例句：
The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。 He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

2 cove
n.小海湾，小峡谷
参考例句：
The shore line is wooded,olive-green,a pristine cove.岸边一带林木蓊郁，嫩绿一片，好一个山外的小海湾。 I saw two children were playing in a cove.我看到两个小孩正在一个小海湾里玩耍。

3 infrastructure
n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施
参考例句：
We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。 We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

4 embark
vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机
参考例句：
He is about to embark on a new business venture.他就要开始新的商业冒险活动。 Many people embark for Europe at New York harbor.许多人在纽约港乘船去欧洲。

5 sector
n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形
参考例句：
The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。 The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

6 colossal
adj.异常的，庞大的
参考例句：
There has been a colossal waste of public money.一直存在巨大的公款浪费。 Some of the tall buildings in that city are colossal.那座城市里的一些高层建筑很庞大。

7 fixed
adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的
参考例句：
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？ Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

8 ted
vt.翻晒，撒，撒开
参考例句：
The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。 She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

9 maker
n.制造者，制造商
参考例句：
He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。 A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

10 sensational
adj.使人感动的，非常好的，轰动的，耸人听闻的
参考例句：
Papers of this kind are full of sensational news reports.这类报纸满是耸人听闻的新闻报道。 Their performance was sensational.他们的演出妙极了。

11 bout
n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛
参考例句：
I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。 That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

12 ecstasy
n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷
参考例句：
He listened to the music with ecstasy.他听音乐听得入了神。 Speechless with ecstasy,the little boys gazed at the toys.小孩注视着那些玩具，高兴得说不出话来。

13 trekking
v.艰苦跋涉，徒步旅行( trek的现在分词 )；（尤指在山中）远足，徒步旅行，游山玩水
参考例句：
She can't come pony trekking after all because she's in a delicate condition. 她结果还是不能坐小马车旅行，因为她已怀孕。来自《简明英汉词典》 We spent the summer trekking in the foothills of the Himalayas. 我们整个夏天都在喜马拉雅山的山麓艰难跋涉。来自互联网

14 trek
vi.作长途艰辛的旅行；n.长途艰苦的旅行
参考例句：
We often go pony-trek in the summer.夏季我们经常骑马旅行。 It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain.我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。

15 unfamiliar
adj.陌生的，不熟悉的
参考例句：
I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。 The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。

16 boxer
n.制箱者，拳击手
参考例句：
The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。 He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。

17 ail
v.生病，折磨，苦恼
参考例句：
It may provide answers to some of the problems that ail America.这一点可能解答困扰美国的某些问题。 Seek your sauce where you get your ail.心痛还须心药治。

18 license
n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许
参考例句：
The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。 The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

19 Soviet
adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃
参考例句：
Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。 Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

20 ken
n.视野，知识领域
参考例句：
Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。 Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.

21 assassination
n.暗杀；暗杀事件
参考例句：
The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。 Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

22 sectors
n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形
参考例句：
Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。来自《简明英汉词典》 Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

23 remains
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。 The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

24 scrutiny
n.详细检查，仔细观察
参考例句：
His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。 Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

25 secondly
adv.第二，其次
参考例句：
Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。 Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。

26 previously
adv.以前，先前（地）
参考例句：
The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。 Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

27 format
n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排
参考例句：
Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。 The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

28 unwilling
adj.不情愿的
参考例句：
The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。 His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

29 ace
n.A牌；发球得分；佼佼者；adj.杰出的
参考例句：
A good negotiator always has more than one ace in the hole.谈判高手总有数张王牌在手。 He is an ace mechanic.He can repair any cars.他是一流的机械师,什么车都会修。

30 proofreading
校对，校勘( proofread的现在分词 )；做校对工作；校读
参考例句：
Martha, when can you finish proofreading the script? 玛莎，你什么时候可以校对完剧本？来自轻松英语会话---联想3000词(上) Attention, an important factor in editing and proofreading, affects editing quality directly. 注意力是编校过程中重要的心理因素，直接影响编辑质量。

31 proofread
vt.校正，校对
参考例句：
I didn't even have the chance to proofread my own report.我甚至没有机会校对自己的报告。 Before handing in his application to his teacher,he proofread it again.交给老师之前，他又将申请书补正了一遍。

32 sage
n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的
参考例句：
I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。 The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。

33 posit
v.假定，认为
参考例句：
If she needs salvation,she will posit a savior.如果她需要救助，她就会设想一个救助者。 Other historians posit that she died of old age around 550 BC.别的史学家则认为她一直活到公元前550年左右才寿终正寝。

34 slash
vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩
参考例句：
The shop plans to slash fur prices after Spring Festival.该店计划在春节之后把皮货降价。 Don't slash your horse in that cruel way.不要那样残忍地鞭打你的马。

35 wan
(wide area network)广域网
参考例句：
The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。

36 marketing
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。 He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

37 speculative
adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的
参考例句：
Much of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的。 The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.那个报道推测的成分很大，不应理会。

38 pointed
adj.尖的，直截了当的
参考例句：
He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。 She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

39 supervisors
n.监督者，管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。来自辞典例句 Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。来自辞典例句

40 robin
n.知更鸟，红襟鸟
参考例句：
The robin is the messenger of spring.知更鸟是报春的使者。 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天要到了。

41 numb
adj.麻木的，失去感觉的；v.使麻木
参考例句：
His fingers were numb with cold.他的手冻得发麻。 Numb with cold,we urged the weary horses forward.我们冻得发僵，催着疲惫的马继续往前走。

42 mere
adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过
参考例句：
That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。 It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

43 preposterous
adj.荒谬的，可笑的
参考例句：
The whole idea was preposterous.整个想法都荒唐透顶。 It would be preposterous to shovel coal with a teaspoon.用茶匙铲煤是荒谬的。

44 promenade
n./v.散步
参考例句：
People came out in smarter clothes to promenade along the front.人们穿上更加时髦漂亮的衣服，沿着海滨散步。 We took a promenade along the canal after Sunday dinner.星期天晚饭后我们沿着运河散步。

45 tatty
adj.不整洁的，简陋的
参考例句：
His friends used to tease him about his tatty clothes.他的朋友过去常常笑话他破旧的衣服。 There were a lot of guest houses which were very tatty.有许多小旅馆都又脏又乱。

46 overhaul
v./n.大修，仔细检查
参考例句：
Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。 It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

47 decided
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
参考例句：
This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。 There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

48 vendors
n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方
参考例句：
The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。 At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

49 pier
n.码头；桥墩，桥柱；[建]窗间壁，支柱
参考例句：
The pier of the bridge has been so badly damaged that experts worry it is unable to bear weight.这座桥的桥桩破损厉害，专家担心它已不能负重。 The ship was making towards the pier.船正驶向码头。

50 amenity
n.pl.生活福利设施，文娱康乐场所；（不可数）愉快，适意
参考例句：
The amenity of his manners won him many friends.他和悦的态度替他赢得很多朋友。 Teachers' good amenity and culture have important educational value.教师良好的礼仪修养具有重要的教育价值。

51 beckoning
adj.引诱人的，令人心动的v.（用头或手的动作）示意，召唤( beckon的现在分词 )
参考例句：
An even more beautiful future is beckoning us on. 一个更加美好的未来在召唤我们继续前进。来自辞典例句 He saw a youth of great radiance beckoning to him. 他看见一个丰神飘逸的少年向他招手。来自辞典例句

52 spacious
adj.广阔的，宽敞的
参考例句：
Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.我们的院子很宽敞，足够建一座游泳池。 The room is bright and spacious.这房间很豁亮。

53 retired
adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的
参考例句：
The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。 Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

54 scattered
adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的
参考例句：
Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

55 arcade
n.拱廊；(一侧或两侧有商店的)通道
参考例句：
At this time of the morning,the arcade was almost empty.在早晨的这个时候，拱廊街上几乎空无一人。 In our shopping arcade,you can find different kinds of souvenir.在我们的拱廊市场，你可以发现许多的纪念品。

56 afterward
adv.后来；以后
参考例句：
Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。 Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

57 splendor
n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌
参考例句：
Never in his life had he gazed on such splendor.他生平从没有见过如此辉煌壮丽的场面。 All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。

58 throngs
n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
She muscled through the throngs of people, frantically searching for David. 她使劲挤过人群，拼命寻找戴维。来自辞典例句 Our friends threaded their way slowly through the throngs upon the Bridge. 我们这两位朋友在桥上从人群中穿过，慢慢地往前走。来自辞典例句

59 enchanting
a.讨人喜欢的
参考例句：
His smile, at once enchanting and melancholy, is just his father's. 他那种既迷人又有些忧郁的微笑，活脱儿象他父亲。 Its interior was an enchanting place that both lured and frightened me. 它的里头是个吸引人的地方，我又向往又害怕。

60 expectancy
n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额
参考例句：
Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。 The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

61 imposing
adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的
参考例句：
The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。 He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

62 makers
n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）
参考例句：
The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。 The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。来自《简明英汉词典》

63 pundits
n.某一学科的权威，专家( pundit的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。来自辞典例句 That did not stop Chinese pundits from making a fuss over it. 这并没有阻止中国的博学之士对此大惊小怪。来自互联网

64 judicious
adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的
参考例句：
We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。 A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。

65 plunged
v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降
参考例句：
The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。 She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

66 plunge
v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲
参考例句：
Test pool's water temperature before you plunge in.在你跳入之前你应该测试水温。 That would plunge them in the broil of the two countries.那将会使他们陷入这两国的争斗之中。

67 logic
n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性
参考例句：
What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？ I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。

68 catastrophe
n.大灾难，大祸
参考例句：
I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。 This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

69 investors
n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子 a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

70 entirely
ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地
参考例句：
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。 His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

71 banking
n.银行业，银行学，金融业
参考例句：
John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。 He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

72 prospered
成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship. 不可否认，这个组织在他的管理下兴旺了起来。 Mr. Black prospered from his wise investments. 布莱克先生由于巧妙的投资赚了不少钱。

73 prosper
v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣
参考例句：
With her at the wheel,the company began to prosper.有了她当主管，公司开始兴旺起来。 It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper.我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。

74 cozy
adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的
参考例句：
I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯，因为他们是舒适的。 We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。

75 primitive
adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物
参考例句：
It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。 His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

76 retrospect
n.回顾，追溯；v.回顾，回想，追溯
参考例句：
One's school life seems happier in retrospect than in reality.学校生活回忆起来显得比实际上要快乐。 In retrospect,it's easy to see why we were wrong.回顾过去就很容易明白我们的错处了。

77 frantic
adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的
参考例句：
I've had a frantic rush to get my work done.我急急忙忙地赶完工作。 He made frantic dash for the departing train.他发疯似地冲向正开出的火车。

78 monetary
adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的
参考例句：
The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。 Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

79 horrified
a.(表现出)恐惧的
参考例句：
The whole country was horrified by the killings. 全国都对这些凶杀案感到大为震惊。 We were horrified at the conditions prevailing in local prisons. 地方监狱的普遍状况让我们震惊。

80 defiance
n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗
参考例句：
He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。 He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。

81 dilemma
n.困境，进退两难的局面
参考例句：
I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。 He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。

82 withdrawal
n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销
参考例句：
The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。 They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

83 unduly
adv.过度地，不适当地
参考例句：
He did not sound unduly worried at the prospect.他的口气听上去对前景并不十分担忧。 He argued that the law was unduly restrictive.他辩称法律的约束性有些过分了。

84 panacea
n.万灵药；治百病的灵药
参考例句：
Western aid may help but will not be a panacea. 西方援助可能会有所帮助，但并非灵丹妙药。 There's no single panacea for the country's economic ills. 国家经济弊病百出,并无万灵药可以医治。

85 recipient
a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器
参考例句：
Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。 Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

86 migration
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
参考例句：
Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。 He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

87 seasonal
adj.季节的，季节性的
参考例句：
The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。 The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

88 shuffle
n.拖著脚走，洗纸牌；v.拖曳，慢吞吞地走
参考例句：
I wish you'd remember to shuffle before you deal.我希望在你发牌前记得洗牌。 Don't shuffle your feet along.别拖着脚步走。

89 inevitable
adj.不可避免的，必然发生的
参考例句：
Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。 The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

90 turmoil
n.骚乱，混乱，动乱
参考例句：
His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。 The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

91 genes
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句：
You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。来自《简明英汉词典》 Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

92 genetic
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。 Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

93 aced
vt.发球得分（ace的过去式与过去分词形式）
参考例句：
I don't know how I aced in, I was lucky enough. 我不知道这好事怎么让我给碰上了，我够幸运的。来自互联网 He aced every physical fitness test they gave him. 他顺利通过了他们对他所作的每项体格检查。来自互联网

94 demographer
n.人口统计学家
参考例句：
Professor Antonio Golini is a demographer at the University of Rome. 罗马大学安东尼奥教授是位人口统计学家。来自互联网 Demographer William Frey says immigrants with young families will help keep the United States competitive. 人口统计学家佛瑞表示这些年轻的家庭会帮助美国保持竞争力。来自互联网

95 niche
n.壁龛；合适的职务(环境、位置等)
参考例句：
Madeleine placed it carefully in the rocky niche. 玛德琳小心翼翼地把它放在岩石壁龛里。 The really talented among women would always make their own niche.妇女中真正有才能的人总是各得其所。

96 barbarians
n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人
参考例句：
The ancient city of Rome fell under the iron hooves of the barbarians. 古罗马城在蛮族的铁蹄下沦陷了。来自《简明英汉词典》 It conquered its conquerors, the barbarians. 它战胜了征服者——蛮族。来自英汉非文学 - 历史

97 colonize
v.建立殖民地，拓殖；定居，居于
参考例句：
Around 700 Arabs began to colonize East Africa.公元700年阿拉伯人开始把东非变为殖民地。 Japan used to colonize many countries in Asia.日本曾经殖民过许多亚洲国家。

98 colon
n.冒号，结肠，直肠
参考例句：
Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。 The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

99 legendary
adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）
参考例句：
Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。 Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。

100 miller
n.磨坊主
参考例句：
Every miller draws water to his own mill.磨坊主都往自己磨里注水。 The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子。

101 spawned
（鱼、蛙等）大量产（卵）( spawn的过去式和过去分词 )；大量生产
参考例句：
The band's album spawned a string of hit singles. 这支乐队的专辑繁衍出一连串走红的单曲唱片。 The computer industry has spawned a lot of new companies. 由于电脑工业的发展，许多新公司纷纷成立。

102 conquerors
征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The Danes had selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. 这些丹麦人具有征服者的自信，而且他们的安全防卫也是漫不经心的。 The conquerors believed in crushing the defeated people into submission, knowing that they could not win their loyalty by the victory. 征服者们知道他们的胜利并不能赢得失败者的忠心，于是就认为只有通过武力才能将他们压服。

103 upheavals
突然的巨变( upheaval的名词复数 )；大动荡；大变动；胀起
参考例句：
the latest upheavals in the education system 最近教育制度上的种种变更 These political upheavals might well destroy the whole framework of society. 这些政治动乱很可能会破坏整个社会结构。

104 survivor
n.生存者，残存者，幸存者
参考例句：
The sole survivor of the crash was an infant.这次撞车的惟一幸存者是一个婴儿。 There was only one survivor of the plane crash.这次飞机失事中只有一名幸存者。

105 undesirable
adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子
参考例句：
They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。 Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。

106 minor
adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修
参考例句：
The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。 I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

107 infinitely
adv.无限地，无穷地
参考例句：
There is an infinitely bright future ahead of us.我们有无限光明的前途。 The universe is infinitely large.宇宙是无限大的。

108 isolated
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句：
His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。 Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

109 influential
adj.有影响的，有权势的
参考例句：
He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。 He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

110 labor
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。 He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

111 conceits
高傲( conceit的名词复数 )；自以为；巧妙的词语；别出心裁的比喻
参考例句：
He jotted down the conceits of his idle hours. 他记下了闲暇时想到的一些看法。 The most grotesque fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. 夜晚躺在床上的时候，各种离奇怪诞的幻想纷至沓来。

112 genre
n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格
参考例句：
My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。 Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看，莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。

113 outlets
n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店
参考例句：
The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。来自《简明英汉词典》 They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

114 immediate
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。 We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

115 obsessive
adj. 着迷的, 强迫性的, 分神的
参考例句：
Some people are obsessive about cleanliness.有些人有洁癖。 He's becoming more and more obsessive about punctuality.他对守时要求越来越过分了。

116 alphabetical
adj.字母（表）的，依字母顺序的
参考例句：
Please arrange these books in alphabetical order.请把这些书按字母顺序整理一下。 There is no need to maintain a strict alphabetical sequence.不必保持严格的字顺。

117 harmonious
adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的
参考例句：
Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。 The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。

118 garrulous
adj.唠叨的，多话的
参考例句：
He became positively garrulous after a few glasses of wine.他几杯葡萄酒下肚之后便唠唠叨叨说个没完。 My garrulous neighbour had given away the secret.我那爱唠叨的邻居已把秘密泄露了。

119 determined
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。 He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

120 corporate
adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的
参考例句：
This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。 His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

121 nominal
adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的
参考例句：
The king was only the nominal head of the state. 国王只是这个国家名义上的元首。 The charge of the box lunch was nominal.午餐盒饭收费很少。

122 taxation
n.征税，税收，税金
参考例句：
He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。 The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。

123 subsidies
n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。 Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。来自《简明英汉词典》

124 earnings
n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得
参考例句：
That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。 Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

125 offset
n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿
参考例句：
Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。 He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

126 attain
vt.达到，获得，完成
参考例句：
I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。 His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。

127 partially
adv.部分地，从某些方面讲
参考例句：
The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。 The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

128 inadequate
adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的
参考例句：
The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。 She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

129 advertising
n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的
参考例句：
Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗? The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

130 advert
vi.注意，留意，言及；n.广告
参考例句：
The advert featured a dolphin swimming around a goldfish bowl.该广告的內容为一条在金鱼缸里游动的海豚。 Please advert to the contents below.I believe you won't be disappointed.敬请留意后面的内容。相信您一定不会失望的。

131 premature
adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的
参考例句：
It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。 The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

132 alcoholic
adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者
参考例句：
The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。 Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

133 detrimental
adj.损害的，造成伤害的
参考例句：
We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。 He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。

134 saturated
a.饱和的，充满的
参考例句：
The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。 a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

135 intake
n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口
参考例句：
Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。 There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

136 nutritional
adj.营养的，滋养的
参考例句：
A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

137 conspire
v.密谋，（事件等）巧合，共同导致
参考例句：
They'd conspired to overthrow the government.他们曾经密谋推翻政府。 History and geography have conspired to bring Greece to a moment of decision.历史和地理因素共同将希腊推至作出抉择的紧要关头。

138 domesticate
vt.驯养；使归化，使专注于家务
参考例句：
Many thousand years ago people learned how to domesticate animals.数千年以前人们就学会了饲养动物。 If you domesticate this raccoon,it will have trouble living in the wild.如果你驯养这只浣熊，它生活在野外将会有困难。

139 redeem
v.买回，赎回，挽回，恢复，履行（诺言等）
参考例句：
He had no way to redeem his furniture out of pawn.他无法赎回典当的家具。 The eyes redeem the face from ugliness.这双眼睛弥补了他其貌不扬之缺陷。

140 conformity
n.一致，遵从，顺从
参考例句：
Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法？ The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。

141 derives
v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。来自《简明英汉词典》 He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。来自《简明英汉词典》

142 victorious
adj.胜利的，得胜的
参考例句：
We are certain to be victorious.我们定会胜利。 The victorious army returned in triumph.获胜的部队凯旋而归。

143 nuclei
n.核
参考例句：
To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei. 为了释放电子，必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱原子核的束缚。 Energy is released by the fission of atomic nuclei. 能量是由原子核分裂释放出来的。

144 fabulous
adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的
参考例句：
We had a fabulous time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。 This is a fabulous sum of money.这是一笔巨款。

145 cosmos
n.宇宙；秩序，和谐
参考例句：
Our world is but a small part of the cosmos.我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。 Is there any other intelligent life elsewhere in the cosmos?在宇宙的其他星球上还存在别的有智慧的生物吗？

146 paramount
a.最重要的，最高权力的
参考例句：
My paramount object is to save the Union and destroy slavery.我的最高目标是拯救美国，摧毁奴隶制度。 Nitrogen is of paramount importance to life on earth.氮对地球上的生命至关重要。

147 census
n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查
参考例句：
A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。 The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

148 prologue
n.开场白，序言；开端，序幕
参考例句：
A poor wedding is a prologue to misery.不幸的婚姻是痛苦的开始。 The prologue to the novel is written in the form of a newspaper account.这本小说的序言是以报纸报道的形式写的。

149 projections
预测( projection的名词复数 )；投影；投掷；突起物
参考例句：
Their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。 The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。

150 demographers
n.人口统计学( demography的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Demographers, however, point out that the'single" trend will have a profound effect on American institutions. 不过，人口学家们指出，“单身”趋势将对美国的公共机构产生深远的影响。来自时文部分 Selectivity of human migration long been the focus of demographers and economists. 人口迁移的选择性一直以来都是人口学家和经济学家关注的焦点。来自互联网

151 steadily
adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地
参考例句：
The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。 Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

152 sociologist
n.研究社会学的人，社会学家
参考例句：
His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。 Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

153 gist
n.要旨；梗概
参考例句：
Can you give me the gist of this report?你能告诉我这个报告的要点吗？ He is quick in grasping the gist of a book.他敏于了解书的要点。

154 joint
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。 We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

155 liaison
n.联系，（未婚男女间的）暖昧关系，私通
参考例句：
She acts as a liaison between patients and staff.她在病人与医护人员间充当沟通的桥梁。 She is responsible for liaison with researchers at other universities.她负责与其他大学的研究人员联系。

156 technological
adj.技术的；工艺的
参考例句：
A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。 Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今，随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

157 evasion
n.逃避，偷漏(税)
参考例句：
The movie star is in prison for tax evasion.那位影星因为逃税而坐牢。 The act was passed as a safeguard against tax evasion.这项法案旨在防止逃税行为。

158 initiated
n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入
参考例句：
He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。 The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

159 constructive
adj.建设的，建设性的
参考例句：
We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。 He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。

160 partnership
n.合作关系，伙伴关系
参考例句：
The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。 Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

161 dormant
adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的
参考例句：
Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。 This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。

162 satire
n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品
参考例句：
The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.那部影片是关于广告业的一部巧妙的讽刺作品。 Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.讽刺往往是一种对不公正的抗议形式。

163 hardy
adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的
参考例句：
The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。 He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。

164 staple
n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类
参考例句：
Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。 Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。

165 satirist
n.讽刺诗作者，讽刺家，爱挖苦别人的人
参考例句：
Voltaire was a famous French satirist.伏尔泰是法国一位著名的讽刺作家。 Perhaps the first to chronicle this dream was the Greek satirist Lucian.也许第一个记述这一梦想的要算是希腊的讽刺作家露西安了。

166 ingenuity
n.别出心裁；善于发明创造
参考例句：
The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.那个小男孩做玩具很有创造力。 I admire your ingenuity and perseverance.我钦佩你的别出心裁和毅力。

167 pretensions
自称( pretension的名词复数 )；自命不凡；要求；权力
参考例句：
The play mocks the pretensions of the new middle class. 这出戏讽刺了新中产阶级的装模作样。 The city has unrealistic pretensions to world-class status. 这个城市不切实际地标榜自己为国际都市。

168 orator
n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家
参考例句：
He was so eloquent that he cut down the finest orator.他能言善辩，胜过最好的演说家。 The orator gestured vigorously while speaking.这位演讲者讲话时用力地做手势。

169 disapproved
v.不赞成( disapprove的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
My parents disapproved of my marriage. 我父母不赞成我的婚事。来自《简明英汉词典》 She disapproved of her son's indiscriminate television viewing. 她不赞成儿子不加选择地收看电视。来自《简明英汉词典》

170 spoke
n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说
参考例句：
They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。 The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

171 purports
v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
She purports to represent the whole group. 她自称代表整个团体。来自《简明英汉词典》 The document purports to be official but is really private. 那份文件据称是官方的，但实际上是私人的。来自辞典例句

172 phenomena
n.现象
参考例句：
Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。 The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

173 allocated
adj. 分配的动词allocate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。 More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。

174 stimulating
adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的
参考例句：
shower gel containing plant extracts that have a stimulating effect on the skin 含有对皮肤有益的植物精华的沐浴凝胶 This is a drug for stimulating nerves. 这是一种兴奋剂。

175 concord
n.和谐；协调
参考例句：
These states had lived in concord for centuries.这些国家几个世纪以来一直和睦相处。 His speech did nothing for racial concord.他的讲话对种族和谐没有作用。

176 specified
adj.特定的
参考例句：
The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。 It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

177 pagodas
塔，宝塔( pagoda的名词复数 )
参考例句：
A dream is more romantic than scarlet pagodas by a silver sea. 梦中的风光比银白海洋旁边绯红的宝塔更加旖旎艳丽。 Tabinshwehti placed new spires on the chief Mon pagodas. 莽瑞体在孟人的主要佛塔上加建了新的塔顶。

178 provincial
adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人
参考例句：
City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

179 geographical
adj.地理的；地区(性)的
参考例句：
The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。 These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

180 mosques
清真寺；伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺；清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？ The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

181 revoked
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付，结算可以撤销。来自辞典例句 A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。来自辞典例句

182 killing
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
参考例句：
Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。 Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

183 unemployed
adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的
参考例句：
There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。 The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

184 insolvency
n.无力偿付，破产
参考例句：
The company is on the verge of insolvency.该公司快要破产了。 Normal insolvency procedures should not be applied to banks.通常的破产程序不应当适用于银行。

185 retrenchment
n.节省，删除
参考例句：
Retrenchment will be necessary. 有必要进行紧缩。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 Defense planners predict an extended period of retrenchment. 国防规划人员预计开支紧缩期会延长。来自辞典例句

186 affected
adj.不自然的，假装的
参考例句：
She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。 His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

187 renovation
n.革新，整修
参考例句：
The cinema will reopen next week after the renovation.电影院修缮后，将于下星期开业。 The building has undergone major renovation.这座大楼已进行大整修。

188 retail
v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格
参考例句：
In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。 These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

189 contrived
adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的
参考例句：
There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said.他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。 The plot seems contrived.情节看起来不真实。

190 symbolic
adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的
参考例句：
It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。 The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

191 criteria
n.标准
参考例句：
The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。 There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

192 nomination
n.提名，任命，提名权
参考例句：
John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。 Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

193 liking
n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢
参考例句：
The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。 I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。

194 component
n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的
参考例句：
Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。 Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

195 coverage
n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖
参考例句：
There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。 This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

196 craftsmen
n. 技工
参考例句：
rugs handmade by local craftsmen 由当地工艺师手工制作的小地毯 The craftsmen have ensured faithful reproduction of the original painting. 工匠保证要复制一幅最接近原作的画。

197 competence
n.能力，胜任，称职
参考例句：
This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。 These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。

198 accurately
adv.准确地，精确地
参考例句：
It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。 Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

199 specify
vt.指定，详细说明
参考例句：
We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。 Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

200 explicit
adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的
参考例句：
She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。 He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

201 conserve
vt.保存，保护，节约，节省，守恒，不灭
参考例句：
He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。 Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力，你会用得着的！

202 temperament
n.气质，性格，性情
参考例句：
The analysis of what kind of temperament you possess is vital.分析一下你有什么样的气质是十分重要的。 Success often depends on temperament.成功常常取决于一个人的性格。

203 relatively
adv.比较...地，相对地
参考例句：
The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。 The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

204 faculty
n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句：
He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。 He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

205 amicable
adj.和平的，友好的；友善的
参考例句：
The two nations reached an amicable agreement.两国达成了一项友好协议。 The two nations settled their quarrel in an amicable way.两国以和睦友好的方式解决了他们的争端。

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