美国政治 1

Political Institution政治体制

 

1)A workable form of government under the Constitution: a federal system of government which has two layers of rule.

两极统治的联邦政府体制。

 

2)Separation of powers with checks and balances under the Constitution: The Constitution divides the government into three branches: the legislative¹, the executive and the judicial². Each branch has only part of the powers but not all the powers. The three branches are in balance and they may check each other.

三权分立和制衡制度：宪法将政府划分为3个部门，立法部门、执法部门和司法部门。每个部门只有部分权利不是全部。三个部门权利平衡并互相限制。

 

3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the term used for the first ten amendments³ to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom from unreasonable⁴ searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.

宪法下的个人自由的保护：人权。这是最早的十个宪法修正案中的总称。他确保了宗教、言论、出版、集会、请愿和免受无理搜查的自由，还确保了接受陪审团审判、享受应有的法律程序和其他合法权利。

 

4)Powers of the American president: ①The president is the head of the executive branch（行政部门首脑）. ②He is also head of state(元首) elected by the whol nation. ③he has some legislative powers(立法权); ④he is responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations; ⑤ he signs Bills passed by Congress into law.⑥ he appoints fedeal officials;⑦he has some judicial powers;⑧commander-in-chief(总司令)⑨he can serve for no more than 2 term任期不超过2届。

总统权利：总统是行政部门首脑；2.国家元首；3.立法权；4.负责美国与其他国家的关系；5.6.委任政府官员；7.司法权利；8.总司令；9. 任期不超过2届。

 

5）Powers of the House of Representatives: the House of Representatives can ①introduce legislation, ②revenue bills and ③bring charges against officials, including the President.

众议院权利：1.立法；2.征税法案3.指控官员，包括总统。

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