欧洲现存最古老的居民

时间：2023-08-21 08:31:33

（单词翻译:单击）

Europe's oldest known living inhabitant
 
A Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii) growing in the highlands of northern Greece has been dendrocronologically dated to be more than 1075 years old. This makes it currently the oldest known living tree in Europe. The millenium old pine was discovered by scientists from Stockholm University (Sweden), the University of Mainz (Germany) and the University of Arizona (USA). "It is quite remarkable1 that this large, complex and impressive organism has survived so long in such an inhospitable environment, in a land that has been civilized2 for over 3000 years" says Swedish dendrochronologist, Paul J. Krusic, leader of the expedition that found the tree. It is one of more than a dozen individuals of millennial3 age, living in a treeline forest high in the Pindos mountains.
一棵生长在希腊北部高地的波士尼亚松的树龄已超过1075年。这使它成为目前欧洲已知最古老的活树。这棵千年树龄的松树是由瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学、德国美因茨大学和美国亚利桑那大学的科学家发现的。发现这棵树的探险队队长、瑞典树木计时学家保罗·J·克鲁西奇说：“在一片文明了3000多年的土地上，这种巨大、复杂、令人印象深刻的生物在如此恶劣的环境中存活了这么长时间，这真是太了不起了。”它是十几个千禧一代中的一个，生活在平多斯山脉高处的一片树林中。
 
"Many years ago I read a thesis about this very interesting forest in Greece. In our research, we try to build long chronologies to construct climate histories, so finding living trees of old age is one of our motivations. To age the tree, we needed to take a core of wood, from the outside to the center. The core is one meter and has 1075 annual rings" says Krusic.
克鲁西奇说：“多年前，我读到一篇关于希腊这片非常有趣的森林的论文。在我们的研究中，我们试图建立长的年表来构建气候历史，因此寻找老年的活树是我们的动机之一。要知道树龄，我们需要从外部到中心取一个木材核心。核心是一米，有1075个年轮。”
 
The scientists hope the annual variations of the tree rings from trees like this and those fallen in centuries past, yet still preserved on the ground, will provide an informative4 history of climatic and environmental conditions, going back thousands of years. Considering where the tree was found, and its venerable age, the scientists have named this individual "Adonis" after the Greek god of beauty and desire.
科学家们希望，像这样的树木以及那些在过去几个世纪里倒下但仍保存在地面上的树木的年轮的年度变化，将提供数千年前气候和环境条件的丰富历史。考虑到这棵树是在哪里发现的，以及它古老的年龄，科学家们以希腊的美丽和欲望之神的名字将这个人命名为“阿多尼斯”。
 
"I am impressed, in the context of western civilization, all the human history that has surrounded this tree; all the empires, the Byzantine, the Ottoman, all the people living in this region. So many things could have led to its demise5. Fortunately, this forest has been basically untouched for over a thousand years" says Krusic.
克鲁西奇说：“在西方文明的背景下，这棵树周围的所有人类历史给我留下了深刻的印象；所有的帝国，拜占庭帝国，奥斯曼帝国，所有生活在这个地区的人。太多的事情可能会导致它的灭亡。幸运的是，这片森林一千多年来基本上没有受到任何影响。”。
 
Timeline:
 
941 - Adonis is a seedling6. The Byzantine Empire is at its peak. From the North, the Vikings reach the Black Sea.
 
1041 - Adonis is a 100 years old. In China, a book is published describing gunpowder7. A man called Macbeth is crowned King of Scotland.
 
1191 - Adonis is 250 years old. The universities of Oxford8 and Paris are founded. The third crusade battles Saladin in the Holy Land.
 
1441 - Adonis is 500 years old. The Ottoman empire conquers Greece. Many Greek scholars flee to the west, influencing the Renaissance9. In Sweden, the first parliament is held in Arboga. Johannes Gutenberg is about to test his first printing press.
 
1691 - Adonis is 750 years old. Isaac Newton has formulated10 his Laws on Motion. Ice cream, tea and coffee are introduced in Europe.
时间线：
941年的今天，阿多尼斯是一棵幼苗。拜占庭帝国正处于鼎盛时期。维京人从北方到达黑海。
1041年的今天，阿多尼斯已经100岁了。在中国，出版了一本描述火药的书。一个叫麦克白的人被加冕为苏格兰国王。
1191年的今天，阿多尼斯250岁了。牛津大学和巴黎大学成立了。第三次十字军东征在圣地与萨拉丁交战。
1441年的今天，阿多尼斯500岁了。奥斯曼帝国征服了希腊。许多希腊学者逃往西方，影响了文艺复兴。在瑞典，第一届议会在阿尔博加举行。约翰内斯·古腾堡即将测试他的第一台印刷机。
1691年的今天，阿多尼斯已经750岁了。艾萨克·牛顿制定了他的运动定律。冰淇淋、茶和咖啡被引入欧洲。
1941年的今天，阿多尼斯已经有一千年的历史了。第二次世界大战正在肆虐世界。希腊被纳粹德国、意大利和保加利亚占领。
 
1941 - Adonis is a millennium11 old. World War II is ravaging12 the world. Greece is occupied by Nazi13 Germany, Italy and Bulgaria.

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1 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的
参考例句：
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
2 civilized UwRzDg     
a.有教养的，文雅的
参考例句：
  • Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
  • rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为
3 millennial ef953914f342cb14bd9e488fe460c41e     
一千年的，千福年的
参考例句：
  • Both Russia and America looked to the future to fulfill their millennial expectations. 俄国和美国都把实现他们黄金时代的希望寄托于未来。
  • The millennial generation is celebrating the global commons every day, apparently unmindful of Hardin's warning. 千禧一代显然对哈丁的警告不以为然，每天都在颂扬全球“公地”。
4 informative 6QczZ     
adj.提供资料的，增进知识的
参考例句：
  • The adverts are not very informative.这些广告并没有包含太多有用信息。
  • This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.这本引人入胜的书既有思想性又富知识性。
5 demise Cmazg     
n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让
参考例句：
  • He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
  • The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。
6 seedling GZYxQ     
n.秧苗，树苗
参考例句：
  • She cut down the seedling with one chop.她一刀就把小苗砍倒了。
  • The seedling are coming up full and green.苗长得茁壮碧绿。
7 gunpowder oerxm     
n.火药
参考例句：
  • Gunpowder was introduced into Europe during the first half of the 14th century.在14世纪上半叶，火药传入欧洲。
  • This statement has a strong smell of gunpowder.这是一篇充满火药味的声明。
8 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津（英国城市）
参考例句：
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
9 renaissance PBdzl     
n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴
参考例句：
  • The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
  • The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。
10 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
11 millennium x7DzO     
n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世
参考例句：
  • The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
  • We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。
12 ravaging e90f8f750b2498433008f5dea0a1890a     
毁坏( ravage的现在分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫
参考例句：
  • It is believed that in fatigue there is a repeated process of ravaging the material. 据认为，在疲劳中，有一个使材料毁坏的重复过程。
  • I was able to capture the lion that was ravaging through town. 我能逮住正在城里肆虐的那头狮子。
13 Nazi BjXyF     
n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的
参考例句：
  • They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
  • Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

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