Types of Companies公司类型

A company is an organization which operates a business in one of these forms: A business which is owned by a single individual who is entitled to all of the profits and assumes all liabilities of the business is called a sole proprietorship¹.  When two or more parties share the profits and liabilities of a company it is called a partnership². Partnerships³ usually are "limited partnerships" in which a managing partner runs the day-to-day business while the limited partners are not involved in management decisions and enjoy limited liability. Sole proprietorships and partnerships usually adopt a company name known as a DBA or "doing business as" that company name. As business grows, the principals might want to apply for a corporate⁴ charter. The corporation formed in this process is considered to be a separate individual by law and usually provides certain tax relief, expense deductions⁵, and liability protection to the principals involved. Corporations may be privately⁶ or publicly owned.

　　公司是经营某项业务的组织，它有两种形式：一种是个人所有，这个人拥有全部资产并承担所有债务。如果有两个或更多的团体共同分享公司的利润并承担义务，这样的公司被称作合伙。合伙企业通常是"有限合伙"，也就是合伙人执行每天的经营不参与管理决策并承担有限义务。独资和合伙企业通常使用所有人之外的名称作为公司的名字。随着业务发展，公司负责人就会申请一个公司章程。在制定公司章程的过程中，公司被看作是独立的法人，负责人通常会有一些税务减免，费用削减和债务保护。公司可以是私有制或共有制