托业考试综合辅导(3b)

时间：2007-05-15 06:29:48

（单词翻译:单击）

circulate v. to move in or flow through a circle or circuit; to move around, as from person to person or place to place; to spread widely among persons or places

circumspect1 adj. careful; cautious

circumstance n. condition; influencing factor; situation

circumstance v. to place in particular situations

circumvent2 v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade3

citation4 n. quotation5; official praise; summons to a court of law

cite v. to quote as an authority or example; to mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof

citizen n. resident; native of a country; person who lives in a city or town; person who is not a soldier; civilian6

citizenship7 n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member of a country

civic8 adj. pertaining9 to a city; pertaining to citizenship

claim v. to demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due; to take in a violent manner as if by right; to state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain; To deserve or call for; require

claim n. lawsuit10; request; right

clarify v. to make clear; to explain

classify v. to arrange systematically11; to structure; to group; to sort; to make confidential12

clause n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract

clearance13 n. release; approval; washing

clearly adv. obviously; apparently14; unmistakably

clerk n. minor15 office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat16

clerk v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank business)

client n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal

clientele n. the clients of a professional person or practice considered as a group; a body of customers or patrons

climate n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions; atmosphere; setting

clip n. clamp; fastener; shred17; sharp blow; sharp strike; short film; segment of video; selecting part of a graphic18 document for the purpose of editing (Computers)

clip v. to cut off; to curtail19; to cut short; to leave out (a letter or letters) from a word; to trim off

clipping n. article cut from a newspaper; piece which has been cut off or clipped out

clock n. timepiece; device for telling time

close adj. near; adjacent; careful; secretive; stingy; dense20; compact; crowded; oppressive; intimate

coach n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus; railroad car; horse pulled carriage

coach v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to direct; to guide; to counsel; to consult; to advise

coal n. fuel made from carbon; cinder21; ember

coalition22 n. alliance; union; voluntary joining together; agreement made between two or more parties to work together toward a common goal

code n. cipher23; string of commands in a programming language (Computers); collection of instructions of the law; the codex and rules

code v. to cipher

cogent24 adj. appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing

cognition n. awareness25; perception

coherent adj. sticking together; consistent

cohesive26 adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united; related to each other

coin n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as opposed to paper bills)

coincide v. to occupy the same relative position or the same area in space; to happen at the same time or during the same period; to correspond exactly; be identical; to agree exactly, as in opinion; concur27

coincidence n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event; occurrence of two or more events at the same time; condition of occupying the same place at the same time

collaborate28 v. to work together; to cooperate

collaboration29 n. working together; cooperation

collapse30 v. to fall down or inward suddenly; cave in; to break down suddenly in strength or health and thereby31 cease to function

collate32 v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to gather; to sort; to collect; to assemble; to compile

collateral33 adj. of secondary importance; insignificant34; corresponding

collateral n. security deposit

colleague n. fellow worker; co-worker

collectible adj. payable35; subject to or requiring payment especially as specified36

collectible n. rare object

collection n. group of objects that are related to each other; selection; choice; assortment37; accumulation

collide v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid or direct impact

colloquial38 adj. conversational39; not used in formal speaking or writing; informal

collusion n. A secret agreement between two or more parties for a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose

combination n. joining; union; an ordered sequence

combine n. harvesting machine

combine v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one

come across v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see

come along v. to accompany someone; to forward; to appear; to advance; to proceed; to succeed

comfort n. relief; consolation40; coziness

comfort v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console

comfortable adj. easy; relaxing; cozy41; financially well to do

comforting adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring42; brining relief; heartening

command n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters

command v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority; to demand

commemorate43 v. to honor the memory of with a ceremony; to serve as a memorial to

commensurate v. of the same size, extent, or duration as another; corresponding in size or degree; proportionate

comment n. remark; note; statement; explanation; explanatory note; response; reaction

comment v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note

commentary n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay or book form)

commerce n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of products/services and money

commercial adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and selling

commercial n. television or radio advertisement

commission n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson44; document that grants certain powers; authorization45; group of people with authority

commission v. to contract; to order; to empower; to authorize46; to confer; to rank

commit v. to perform; to do; to engage; to execute; to offer; to pledge (one's loyalty47, etc.); to be obliged; to give; to entrust48

commitment n. obligation; promise

committed adj. obligated; engaged; industrious49; ambitious; loyal

committee n. a group of people officially delegated to perform a function, such as investigating, considering, reporting, or acting50 on a matter

commodity n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold; something useful

commotion51 n. a condition of turbulent motion; an agitated52 disturbance53

communication n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing along; letter; message

commute54 v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and forth55 regularly (i.e. to work)

commuter56 n. person who travels back and forth between home and work

comparable adj. admitting of comparison with another or others; similar or equivalent

comparatively adv. relatively57

compare v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to consider to be similar

comparison n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity; likeness58

compartment59 n. one of the parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided60; a separate room, section, or chamber61

compartmentalize v. to separate into sections; to partition

compatible adj. capable of existing together in harmony; congruous; able to be used with other machines without alternation; able to be used on or with other computers without being changed

compatible n. piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation; device which can be used on or with other Computers without being changed

compel v. to force; to coerce62; to influence; to impose; to demand

compendium63 n. a short, complete summary; an abstract; a list or collection of various items

compensate64 v. to reward; to reimburse65; to pay back; to make up for

compensation n. repayment66; something done to make up for (a loss, deficiency or fault)

compete v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in a contest

competent adj. adept67; capable; fit; suitably skilled; well qualified68; experienced

competition n. rivalry69; contest; act of competing against another

competitive adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest


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1 circumspect 0qGzr     
adj.慎重的，谨慎的
参考例句：
  • She is very circumspect when dealing with strangers.她与陌生人打交道时十分谨慎。
  • He was very circumspect in his financial affairs.他对于自己的财务十分细心。
2 circumvent gXvz0     
vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜
参考例句：
  • Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.军事策略家们企图绕开这一条约。
  • Any action I took to circumvent his scheme was justified.我为斗赢他的如意算盘而采取的任何行动都是正当的。
3 evade evade     
vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避
参考例句：
  • He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
  • You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？
4 citation 1qyzo     
n.引用，引证，引用文；传票
参考例句：
  • He had to sign the proposition for the citation.他只好在受奖申请书上签了字。
  • The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.法庭可能会发传票，对罗宾斯女士处以罚款。
5 quotation 7S6xV     
n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情
参考例句：
  • He finished his speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.他讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。
  • The quotation is omitted here.此处引文从略。
6 civilian uqbzl     
adj.平民的，民用的，民众的
参考例句：
  • There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
  • He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。
7 citizenship AV3yA     
n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)
参考例句：
  • He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
  • Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。
8 civic Fqczn     
adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的
参考例句：
  • I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
  • The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。
9 pertaining d922913cc247e3b4138741a43c1ceeb2     
与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to)
参考例句：
  • Living conditions are vastly different from those pertaining in their country of origin. 生活条件与他们祖国大不相同。
  • The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school. 视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。
10 lawsuit A14xy     
n.诉讼，控诉
参考例句：
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
11 systematically 7qhwn     
adv.有系统地
参考例句：
  • This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
  • The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。
12 confidential MOKzA     
adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的
参考例句：
  • He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
  • We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。
13 clearance swFzGa     
n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理
参考例句：
  • There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
  • The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。
14 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地；表面上，似乎
参考例句：
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
15 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修
参考例句：
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
16 bureaucrat Onryo     
n. 官僚作风的人，官僚，官僚政治论者
参考例句：
  • He was just another faceless bureaucrat.他只不过是一个典型呆板的官员。
  • The economy is still controlled by bureaucrats.经济依然被官僚们所掌控。
17 shred ETYz6     
v.撕成碎片，变成碎片；n.碎布条，细片，些少
参考例句：
  • There is not a shred of truth in what he says.他说的全是骗人的鬼话。
  • The food processor can shred all kinds of vegetables.这架食品加工机可将各种蔬菜切丝切条。
18 graphic Aedz7     
adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的
参考例句：
  • The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
  • Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。
19 curtail TYTzO     
vt.截短，缩短；削减
参考例句：
  • The government hopes to curtail public spending.政府希望缩减公共事业开支。
  • The minister had to curtail his visit.部长不得不缩短访问日期。
20 dense aONzX     
a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的
参考例句：
  • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
  • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
21 cinder xqhzt     
n.余烬，矿渣
参考例句：
  • The new technology for the preparation of superfine ferric oxide from pyrite cinder is studied.研究了用硫铁矿烧渣为原料，制取超细氧化铁红的新工艺。
  • The cinder contains useful iron,down from producing sulphuric acid by contact process.接触法制硫酸的矿渣中含有铁矿。
22 coalition pWlyi     
n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合
参考例句：
  • The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
  • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
23 cipher dVuy9     
n.零；无影响力的人；密码
参考例句：
  • All important plans were sent to the police in cipher.所有重要计划均以密码送往警方。
  • He's a mere cipher in the company.他在公司里是个无足轻重的小人物。
24 cogent hnuyD     
adj.强有力的，有说服力的
参考例句：
  • The result is a cogent explanation of inflation.结果令人信服地解释了通货膨胀问题。
  • He produced cogent reasons for the change of policy.他对改变政策提出了充分的理由。
25 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智
参考例句：
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
26 cohesive dWdy2     
adj.有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的
参考例句：
  • She sealed the parcel with cohesive tape.她用粘胶带把包裹封起来。
  • The author skillfully fuses these fragments into a cohesive whole.作者将这些片断巧妙地结合成一个连贯的整体。
27 concur CnXyH     
v.同意，意见一致，互助，同时发生
参考例句：
  • Wealth and happiness do not always concur.财富与幸福并非总是并存的。
  • I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done.我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。
28 collaborate SWgyC     
vi.协作，合作；协调
参考例句：
  • The work gets done more quickly when we collaborate.我们一旦合作，工作做起来就更快了。
  • I would ask you to collaborate with us in this work.我们愿意请你们在这项工作中和我们合作。
29 collaboration bW7yD     
n.合作，协作；勾结
参考例句：
  • The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
  • He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。
30 collapse aWvyE     
vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷
参考例句：
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
31 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。
32 collate 2qqzG     
vt.(仔细)核对，对照；(书籍装订前)整理
参考例句：
  • They have begun to collate their own statistics on racial abuse. 他们已经开始整理自己有关种族歧视的统计数据。
  • You may collate the latter with the earlier edition. 你可将新版与旧版相对照。
33 collateral wqhzH     
adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品
参考例句：
  • Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
  • Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。
34 insignificant k6Mx1     
adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的
参考例句：
  • In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季，这种作用是不明显的。
  • This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。
35 payable EmdzUR     
adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的
参考例句：
  • This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
  • No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。
36 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句：
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
37 assortment FVDzT     
n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集
参考例句：
  • This shop has a good assortment of goods to choose from.该店各色货物俱全，任君选择。
  • She was wearing an odd assortment of clothes.她穿着奇装异服。
38 colloquial ibryG     
adj.口语的，会话的
参考例句：
  • It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
  • They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。
39 conversational SZ2yH     
adj.对话的，会话的
参考例句：
  • The article is written in a conversational style.该文是以对话的形式写成的。
  • She values herself on her conversational powers.她常夸耀自己的能言善辩。
40 consolation WpbzC     
n.安慰，慰问
参考例句：
  • The children were a great consolation to me at that time.那时孩子们成了我的莫大安慰。
  • This news was of little consolation to us.这个消息对我们来说没有什么安慰。
41 cozy ozdx0     
adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的
参考例句：
  • I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯，因为他们是舒适的。
  • We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。
42 reassuring vkbzHi     
a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的
参考例句：
  • He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
  • With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。
43 commemorate xbEyN     
vt.纪念，庆祝
参考例句：
  • This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
  • We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。
44 salesperson 7Yoxa     
n.售货员，营业员，店员
参考例句：
  • A salesperson works in a shop.售货员在商店工作。
  • Vanessa is a salesperson in a woman's wear department.凡妮莎是女装部的售货员。
45 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权，委任状
参考例句：
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
46 authorize CO1yV     
v.授权，委任；批准，认可
参考例句：
  • He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
  • Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。
47 loyalty gA9xu     
n.忠诚，忠心
参考例句：
  • She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
  • His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。
48 entrust JoLxh     
v.信赖，信托，交托
参考例句：
  • I couldn't entrust my children to strangers.我不能把孩子交给陌生人照看。
  • They can be entrusted to solve major national problems.可以委托他们解决重大国家问题。
49 industrious a7Axr     
adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的
参考例句：
  • If the tiller is industrious,the farmland is productive.人勤地不懒。
  • She was an industrious and willing worker.她是个勤劳肯干的员工。
50 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的
参考例句：
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。
51 commotion 3X3yo     
n.骚动，动乱
参考例句：
  • They made a commotion by yelling at each other in the theatre.他们在剧院里相互争吵，引起了一阵骚乱。
  • Suddenly the whole street was in commotion.突然间，整条街道变得一片混乱。
52 agitated dzgzc2     
adj.被鼓动的，不安的
参考例句：
  • His answers were all mixed up,so agitated was he.他是那样心神不定，回答全乱了。
  • She was agitated because her train was an hour late.她乘坐的火车晚点一个小时，她十分焦虑。
53 disturbance BsNxk     
n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调
参考例句：
  • He is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
  • You can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。
54 commute BXTyi     
vi.乘车上下班；vt.减(刑)；折合；n.上下班交通
参考例句：
  • I spend much less time on my commute to work now.我现在工作的往返时间要节省好多。
  • Most office workers commute from the suburbs.很多公司的职员都是从郊外来上班的。
55 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前；向外，往外
参考例句：
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
56 commuter ZXCyi     
n.(尤指市郊之间)乘公交车辆上下班者
参考例句：
  • Police cordoned off the road and diverted commuter traffic. 警察封锁了道路并分流交通。
  • She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded commuter train. 她在拥挤的通勤列车上不小心踩到了他的脚。
57 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地，相对地
参考例句：
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
58 likeness P1txX     
n.相像，相似（之处）
参考例句：
  • I think the painter has produced a very true likeness.我认为这位画家画得非常逼真。
  • She treasured the painted likeness of her son.她珍藏她儿子的画像。
59 compartment dOFz6     
n.卧车包房，隔间；分隔的空间
参考例句：
  • We were glad to have the whole compartment to ourselves.真高兴，整个客车隔间由我们独享。
  • The batteries are safely enclosed in a watertight compartment.电池被安全地置于一个防水的隔间里。
60 subdivided 9c88c887e396c8cfad2991e2ef9b98bb     
再分，细分( subdivide的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The compound was subdivided into four living areas. 那个区域被划分成4个居住小区。
  • This part of geologic calendar has not been satisfactorily subdivided. 这部分地质年代表还没有令人满意地再细分出来。
61 chamber wnky9     
n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所
参考例句：
  • For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
  • The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。
62 coerce Hqxz2     
v.强迫，压制
参考例句：
  • You can't coerce her into obedience.你不能强制她服从。
  • Do you think there is any way that we can coerce them otherwise?你认为我们有什么办法强迫他们不那样吗？
63 compendium xXay7     
n.简要，概略
参考例句：
  • The Compendium of Materia Medica has been held in high esteem since it was first published.“本草纲目”问世之后，深受人们的推重。
  • The book is a compendium of their poetry,religion and philosophy.这本书是他们诗歌、宗教和哲学的概略。
64 compensate AXky7     
vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消
参考例句：
  • She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
  • Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。
65 reimburse 5Vixt     
v.补偿，付还
参考例句：
  • We'll reimburse you for your travelling expenses.我们将付还你旅费。
  • The funds are supposed to reimburse policyholders in the event of insurer failure.这项基金将在保险公司不能偿付的情况下对投保人进行赔付。
66 repayment repayment     
n.偿还，偿还款；报酬
参考例句：
  • I am entitled to a repayment for the damaged goods.我有权利索取货物损坏赔偿金。
  • The tax authorities have been harrying her for repayment.税务局一直在催她补交税款。
67 adept EJIyO     
adj.老练的，精通的
参考例句：
  • When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
  • He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。
68 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的
参考例句：
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
69 rivalry tXExd     
n.竞争，竞赛，对抗
参考例句：
  • The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families.这次争吵是两家不和引起的。
  • He had a lot of rivalry with his brothers and sisters.他和兄弟姐妹间经常较劲。

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