2007版--完形(强化)－2

完形填空全真模拟定  （Passages 1——14）

大纲样题

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points )

    During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. Some countries did not     1     enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not     2    . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations     3     solutions.

        4    , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated¹ and very     5    .

It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly     6     workers are needed to     7     and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained,     8     many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the     9     of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to     10     vocational and professional training.     11    .  just to begin training, the students must     12     learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and     13     do not return home.

    All nations agree that science and technology     14     be shared. The point is: countries     15     the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look care-fully     16     the costs, because many of these costs are     17    . Students from these nations should     18     the problems of the industrialized countries closely.     19     care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology,     20     the benefits.

1.[A] generate              [B] raise                     [C] product           [D] manufacture

2.[A] answered            [B] met                      [C] calculated        [D] remembered

3.[A] for                     [B] without                [C] as                   [D] about

4.[A] Moreover            [B] Therefore             [C] Anyway          [D] However

5.[A] expensive            [B] mechanical           [C] flourishing       [D] complicated

6.[A] gifted                 [B] skilled                  [C] trained            [D] versatile²

7.[A] keep                   [B] maintain               [C] retain              [D] protect

8.[A] since           [B] so                [C] and              [D] yet

9.[A] charge          [B] price              [C] cost             [D] value

10.[A] accept                [B] gain                        [C] receive                  [D] absorb

11.[A] Frequently           [B] Incidentally              [C] Deliberately            [D] Eventually

12.[A] soon                   [B] quickly                    [C] immiediately           [D] first

13.[A] some                  [B] others                     [C] several                  [D] few

14.[A] might                 [B] should                     [C] would                   [D] will

15.[A] adopting             [B] conducting              [C] receiving               [D] adjusting

16.[A] to                       [B] at                            [C] on                         [D] about

17.[A] opaque               [B] secret                      [C] sealed                    [D] hidden

18.[A] tackle                 [B] learn                       [C] study                    [D] manipulate

19.[A] In                      [B] Through                  [C] With                       [D] Under

20.[A] except                [B] nor                         [C] or                           [D] but

全真模拟试题

Passage 1

    Silence is unnatural³ to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the     1     he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things     2     he stands in more fear than of the     3     of noise. Even his conversation is     4     a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of     5     occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of     6     of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means     7     the buzzing of a fly, but the longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a wax-work     8    . The object of conversation is not,     9     

the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to     10     the buzzing sound. Most buzzing,     11    , is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the     12    . He would be a foolish man, however,     13     waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who     14     the weather as a conversational⁵ opening seem to be     15     of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation     16     the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are     17     if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them     18     they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense     19    , they justly     20     themselves on their success as conversationalists.

1.[A] intervention           [B] interval                    [C] eclipse                    [D] meantime

2.[A] of which              [B] in which                  [C] with which              [D] by which

3.[A] presence               [B] abundance               [C] existence                 [D] absence

4.[A] in great measure    [B] in brief                    [C] all in all                   [D] at least

5.[A] hesitations            [B] delays                     [C] interruptions            [D] pauses

6.[A] admiration            [B] envy                       [C] amazement              [D] revenge

7.[A] more than             [B] no less than             [C] rather than               [D] no more than

8.[A] character              [B] figure                      [C] role                         [D] personality

9.[A] for                       [B]in                             [C]at                            [D]on

10.[A] carry out            [B] pick up                    [C] speed up                 [D] keep up

11.[A] particularly          [B] unfortunately           [C] fortunately.              [D] utterly⁶

12.[A] mind                  [B] mentality                 [C] intelligence              [D] wit

13.[A] who                   [B] when                      [C] if                            [D] which

14.[A] dispose               [B] dispatch                  [C] dismiss                   [D] despise

15.[A] ignorant        [B] negligible         [C] obscure           [D] inconspicuous

16.[A] at                   [B] against               [C] with              [D] in

17.[A] disgusted        [B] content              [C] disgraced          [D] discouraged

18.[A] in that             [B] so that               [C] such that          [D] except that

19.[A] length             [B] expanse             [C] stretch            [D] span

20.[A] prey               [B] model                [C] respect            [D] pride

 Passage 2

    Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages（失败）of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as     1     as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the     2     of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness⁷ evidence.

    The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability⁸ of Witness     3     ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held     4     about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is     5     change, it should not be underestimated.

    In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries     6     its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person' s recall must be assessed     7    .

    Both common sense and research say memory     8     over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are     9     their best immediately     10     encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere⁹     11     the original memory, which reduces     12    .

    The paper says     13     interviews or media reports can create such     14    . "People are particularly susceptible¹⁰ to having their memories     15     when the passage of time allows the original memory to     16    . and will be most susceptible if they repeat the     17     as fact."

    Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then     18     it to produce something     19     offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are     20     false."

1.[A] trustful               [B] reliable                  [C] innocent       [D] considerable

2.[A] rate                    [B] degree                  [C] extent          [D] scale

3.[A] Manifestation      [B] Declaration         [C] Presentation   [D] Testimony¹¹

4.[A] perceptions         [B] acceptances         [C] permissions   [D] receptions

5.[A] subject to           [B] liable for           [C] incapable¹² of   [D] attributable to

6.[A] assess                [B] appreciate          [C] calculate      [D] speculate

7.[A] interactively        [B] comparatively       [C] horizontally   [D] individually

8.[A] descends            [B] declines                [C] inclines       [D] degrades

9.[A]at              [B]in                    [C]on                   [D]upon

10.[A] before        [B] after               [C] when             [D] until

11.[A] with          [B] in                  [C] at                   [D] on

12.[A] appropriacy     [B] accuracy           [C] originality     [D] justice

13.[A] consequent    [B] successive           [C] subsequent   [D] preceding

14.[A] distortions     [B] deformations              [C] malfunctions    [D] malformations

15.[A] altered        [B] transformed                [C] converted      [D] modified

16.[A] fade          [B] diminish                     [C] lessen            [D] dwell

17.[A] misinformation [B] mistreatment                [C] misguidance   [D] misjudgement

18.[A] associate      [B] connect                      [C] link               [D] integrate

19.[A] other         [B] rather                         [C] more             [D] less

20.[A] invariably     [B] constantly                    [C] justifiably       [D] verifiably

 Passage 3

    Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias¹³ against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of     1    , crime, poverty and moral     2    . Their distrust was caused,     3    .by a national ideology¹⁴ that     4     farming the greatest occupation and rural living     5     to urban living. This attitude     6     even as the number of urban dwellers¹⁵ increased and cities became an essential     7     of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands     8     the precarious¹⁶ (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people     9     from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were     10     with great problems, eagerly     11     the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the     12     of the city.

    One of many reforms came     13     the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by     14     governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately¹⁷ owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would     15     exorbitant (过度的) rates for these essential services and     16     them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by     17     the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves.     18     of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would     19     widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a     20     price.

   1.   [A]eruption             [B]corruption¹⁸                 [C]interruption               [D]provocation

   2.   [A]disgrace              [B]deterioration              [C]dishonor                   [D]degradation

   3.   [A]by origin             [B]in part                       [C]at all                         [D]at random¹⁹

   4.   [A]proclaimed          [B]exclaimed                  [C]claimed                     [D]reclaimed

   5.   [A]superb                [B]super                        [C]exceptional                [D]superior

   6.   [A]predominated      [B]dominated                 [C]commanded              [D]prevailed

   7.   [A]feature                [B]peculiarity                 [C]quality                      [D]attribute

   8.   [A]deserted              [B]departed                    [C]abolished                  [D]abandoned

   9.   [A]reallocated          [B]migrated                   [C]replaced                    [D]substituted

   10.  [A]overwhelmed      [B]overflowed                [C]overtaken                  [D]preoccupied

   11.  [A]embraced            [B]adopted                     [C]hugged                     [D]outbreaks

   12.  [A]chaos                 [B]chores                      [C]chorus                      [D]outbreaks

   13.  [A]at                       [B]by                [C]out                [D]in

   14.  [A]public                 [B]municipal          [C]republican          [D]national

  15.[A] charge         [B] take                      [C] cost                  [D] spend

  16.[A] distribute       [B] deliver                   [C] transfer             [D] transport

  17.[A] degenerating    [B] generating              [C] regenerating        [D] regulating

  18.[A] Proponents     [B] Opponents             [C] Sponsors                                     [D] Rivals

  19.[A] secure         [B] ensure                   [C] reassure            [D] incur²¹

  20.[A] fair           [B] just                        [C] square              [D] objective

Passage 4

    Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche（灵魂、精神）was superiority. Although     1     he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler, eventually     2     a more complex definition of the drive for superiority.

    Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not     3     the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we innately（天生地）seek to     4     one another in rank or position,     5     did he mean that we seek to     6     an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers.     7    . Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in     8     one strives to do.

    Striving for superiority occasionally takes the     9     of an exaggerated lust²³ for power. An individual may seek to play god and     10     control over objects and people. The goal may introduce an     11     tendency into our lives, in which we play games of "dog eat dog". But such expressions of the desire for superiority do not     12     its more positive, constructive²⁴ nature.

        13     Adler, striving for superiority is innate²² and is part of the struggle for     14     that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution. From this     15    . life is not     16     by the need to reduce tension or restore     17    . as sigmund Freud tended to think;     18    , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior. The particular ways in which individuals     19     their quest（追求）for superiority are     20     by their culture, their unique history.

and their style of life.

1.[A] instinctively          [B] initially                    [C] presumably              [D] invariably

2.[A] designed               [B] devised                    [C] manipulated             [D] developed

3.[A] refer to                 [B] point to                   [C] comply with            [D] stand up for

4.[A] surpass                [B] overpass                  [C] overthrow               [D] pursue

5.[A] or                        [B] never                      [C] hardly                     [D] nor

6.[A] retain                   [B] sustain                    [C] maintain                  [D] obtain

7.[A] Rather                  [B] Despite                    [C] Though                   [D] Thus

8.[A] which                  [B] that                         [C] whichever               [D] whatever

9.[A] form                    [B] format                     [C] formation                [D] shape

10.[A] operate               [B] speculate                 [C] exercise                  [D] resume

11.[A] ambiguous          [B] intricate                   [C] deliberate                 [D] hostile

12.[A] reflect                [B] abide                       [C] glorify                     [D] project

13.[A] According to       [B] In terms of              [C] Regardless of           [D] In view of

14.[A] survivor            [B] survival                  [C] durability               [D] consistency²⁵

15.[A] respective          [B] prospect                 [C] profile                   [D] perspective

16.[A] motivated          [B] animated                [C] inspired                 [D] elevated

17.[A] equation            [B] equivalent               [C] equilibrium            [D] equality

18.[A] subsequently      [B] instead                   [C] consequently         [D] otherwise

19.[A] undermine         [B] overtake                 [C] fling                      [D] undertake

20.[A] determined        [B] resolved                 [C] consolidated          [D] reinforced        

 Passage 5

    Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag（喷气飞行时差反应)．Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone²⁶     1     making mistakes. It is actually caused by     2     of your "body clock" — a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing²⁷ of biological     3    . The body clock is designed for a     4     rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it     5     daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The     6     of jetlag often persist for days     7     the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.

    Now a new anti-jetlag system is     8     that is based on proven     9     pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has      10    a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone     11     controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates     12     of the discomfort²⁸ of jetlag.

    A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either     13     or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule     14     light exposure depends a great deal on     15     travel plans.

    Data on a specific flight itinerary²⁹ and the individual' s sleep     16     are used to produce a Trip Guide with     17     on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.

    When the Trip Guide calls     18     bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad,     19     you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light     20     for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.

1.[A] from                    [B] of                           [C] for                          [D] to

2.[A] eruption                [B] disruption                [C] rupture                    [D] corruption

3.[A] actions                 [B] functions                 [C] behavior                  [D] reflection

4.[A] formal                  [B] continual                 [C] regular                    [D] circular

5.[A] experiences           [B] possesses                [C] encounters              [D] retains

6.[A] signs                    [B] defects                    [C] diseases                  [D] symptoms

7.[A] if                         [B] whereas                  [C] while                      [D] although

8.[A] agreeable              [B] available                  [C] adaptable                 [D] approachable

9.[A] extensive              [B] tentative                  [C] broad                      [D] inclusive

10.[A] devised               [B] scrutinized               [C] visualized                [D] recognized

11.[A] in                       [B] as                           [C] at                           [D] through

12.[A] more                  [B] little                        [C] most                       [D] least

13.[A] shed                   [B] retrieve                    [C] seek                        [D] attain³⁰

14.[A] in                       [B] for                          [C] on                          [D] with

15.[A] specific              [B] complicated             [C] unique                     [D] peculiar²⁰

16.[A] mode                  [B] norm                       [C] style                       [D] pattern

17.[A] directories           [B] commentaries          [C] instructions             [D] specifications³¹

18.[A] up                      [B] off                          [C] on                          [D] for

19.[A] or                      [B] and                         [C] but                         [D] while

20.[A] spur                   [B] stimulus                  [C] agitation                  [D] acceleration³²

  Passage 6

    Our ape-men forefathers³³ had     1     obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not     2     with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws     3     an impressive "small-fire" weaponry. They could not even defend themselves     4     running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the apemen had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been     5     to failure and extinction³⁴. But they were     6     with enormous concealed³⁵ advantages of a kind not possessed³⁶ by any of their competitors.

    In the search     7     the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had     8     efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands³⁸ did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far     9     the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland³⁷. Good long-distance sight was     10     another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the     11     the range of sight-so     12     they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, how ever, this simple solution was not     13     

    Climbing a hill would have helped,     14     in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men     15     the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind³⁹ limbs and began to walk     16    .

    This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable⁴⁰ and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower     17    .

        18     they persevered⁴¹ and their bone structure gradually became     19     to the new, unstable position that 20 them the name Homo erectus, upright man.

1.[A] no                        [B] some                       [C] few                        [D] many

2.[A] match                  [B] compare                  [C] rival                        [D] equal

3.[A] became                [B] equipped                  [C] posed                      [D] provided

4.[A] in                         [B] upon                       [C] by                          [D] with

5.[A] driven                  [B] doomed                   [C] forced                     [D] led

6.[A] bestowed              [B] given                       [C] presented                [D] endowed

7.[A] for                       [B] of                           [C] on                          [D] at

8.[A] progressed            [B] generated                 [C] developed                [D] advanced

9.[A] from                    [B] apart                       [C] beyond                    [D] above

10.[A] rather                 [B] quite                       [C] much                      [D] really

11.[A] greater                [B] smaller                    [C] farther                    [D] nearer

12.[A] anything             [B] that                         [C] everything               [D] all

13.[A] available              [B] enough                    [C] sufficient                 [D] convenient

14.[A] when                  [B] but                          [C] so                           [D] and

15.[A] chose                 [B] adopted                   [C] accepted                 [D] took

16.[A] fast                    [B] upright                    [C] steadily                   [D] awkwardly

17.[A] as well                [B] further                    [C] still                         [D] even

18.[A] However             [B] Therefore                [C] Meanwhile               [D] Subsequently

19.[A] accustomed        [B] familiarized              [C] adapted                   [D] suited

20.[A] obtained              [B] called                      [C] deserved                 [D] earned

 passage 7

    Television is the most effective brainwashing     1     ever invented by man. Advertisers know this to be     2    . Children are     3     by television in ways we     4     understand. In the fall of 1971,1 was     5     a story involving a young white woman living on the     6     of Boston's black ghetto⁴². Her car had     7     out of gas. She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was     8     in an alley⁴³ by a gang of black youths. The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire     9     her. She died of her burns. It was     10     established that some of the youths     11     had, on the night before the killing⁴⁴,     12     on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang; There is some kind of strange reductive process     13     work here. To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the     14     thing is     15     out it is like the reenactment of something unreal.     16     when the gang set fire to the girl, they were     17     what they had seen on a screen,     18     they themselves were on a screen, and in a story. I don' t think we have     19     begun to realize how powerful a medium television is. It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television     20     win the election.

1.[A] equipment             [B] machine                  [C] medium                   [D] method

2.[A] true                      [B] real                         [C] actual                      [D] genuine

3.[A] influenced             [B] affected                   [C] controlled                [D] manipulated

4.[A] scarcely               [B] nearly                      [C] completely               [D] generally

5.[A] arranged               [B] appointed                 [C] assigned                  [D] attributed

6.[A] outskirts               [B] fringes                    [C] border                     [D] range

7.[A] used                     [B] consumed                [C] run                         [D] spent

8.[A] trapped                 [B] caught                     [C] held                        [D] tucked

9.[A] on                        [B] at                            [C] over                        [D] to

10.[A] then                   [B] after                        [C] lately                       [D] later

11.[A] associated           [B] related                     [C] involved                  [D] participated

12.[A] watch                 [B] watched                  [C] watching                 [D] were watching

13.[A] at                       [B] on                           [C] in                           [D] under

14.[A] exact                  [B] extraordinary           [C] normal                    [D] same

15.[A] performed           [B] played                     [C] practiced                 [D] acted

16.[A] However             [B] In contrast               [C] In other words         [D] Even to

17.[A] imitating             [B] following                 [C] resembling               [D] reacting

18.[A] as if                   [B] like                         [C] as                           [D] for

19.[A] still                     [B] nearly                      [C] almost                     [D] even

20.[A] influence             [B] capacity                  [C] appeal                     [D] contribution

 Passage 8

    High school students who, after graduation, would like to continue their education are frequently faced with many problems in financing college training.     1     education is not so wide-spread at the college level     2     at the elementary and     3     school levels. There is usually a charge for     4    , In addition, for most students, going to college     5     living away from home, an expensive matter.

       6    , then, can be done by a student who finds that he must help to finance himself if he is to     7     his education beyond high school? There are several     8    . Scholarships are sometimes available. These are usually     9     partly on the basis of high grades.     10     the day-today work in high school may be very important for determining ones     11     of help from this source. Another     12     of help is the college loan fund, which is established for the     13     of providing loans to     14     students. A third plan is that of     15     one s way through school. Work may involve     16     a part-time job outside the college. Sometimes it means     17     professors in laboratory work, library work, or office     18    .Sometimes it means performing some     19     which the student body requires, such as helping⁴⁵ in the preparation and serving of meals, working in college stores, and     20    .

1.[A] Free               [B] Private              [C] Public               [D] Compulsory⁴⁶

2.[A] than               [B] as                    [C] that                  [D] to

3.[A] orphanage       [B] secondary          [C] primary             [D] nursery

4.[A] money            [B] tuition               [C] expense             [D] education

5.[A] means            [B] implies              [C] lends                [D] suggests

6.[A] How              [B] Whether            [C] Whatever           [D] What

7.[A] expand           [B] finish                [C] extend              [D] stop

8.[A] questions        [B] problems           [C] possibilities        [D] issues

9.[A] got                [B] forced               [C] given                [D] retained

10.[A] Because        [B] Though             [C] However           [D] Therefore

11.[A] choices         [B] tendencies         [C] results              [D] chances

12.[A] respect         [B] source              [C] direction           [D] aspect

13.[A] purpose        [B] aim                   [C] goal                  [D] target

14.[A] worth           [B] worthy              [C] worthwhile        [D] worthless

15.[A] working        [B] wandering          [C] finding              [D] working

16.[A] to hold          [B] hold                  [C] being held          [D] holding

17.[A] dealing⁴⁷          [B] coping              [C] assisting            [D] handling

18.[A] routine          [B] ritual                [C] practice            [D] custom

19.[A] services        [B] work                [C] job                   [D] profession

20.[A] others           [B] so                    [C] like this             [D] the like

Passage 9

    The majority of people, about nine out often, are right-handed.     1     until recently, people who were left-handed were considered     2     , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally     3    , but it is still a disadvantage in a world     4     most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements⁴⁸ are still     5     for right-handed people. In sports     6     contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot, is often an advantage. Throwing, kicking, punching or batting from the "     7     " side may result in throwing     8     many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the     9     of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many     10     at a professional level, a     11     proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole. The word "right" in many languages means "correct" or is     12     with lawfulness⁴⁹, whereas the words associated     13     "left",  such as "sinister",  generally have     14     associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive⁵⁰ peoples, there is     15     close association between death and the left hand.

    In the past, in     16     Western societies, children were often forced to use their right hands, especially to write with. In some cases the left hand was     17     behind the child' s back so that it could not be used. If, in the future, they are allowed to choose,     18     will certainly be more left-handers, and probably     19     people with minor⁵¹ psychological disturbances⁵² as a result of being forced to use their     20     hand.

1.[A] Down                  [B] Never                      [C] Up                          [D] Not

2.[A] unique                  [B] eccentric                 [C] normal                    [D] abnormal

3.[A] accepted               [B] admitted                  [C] approved                 [D] acknowledged

4.[A] when                   [B] that                         [C] where                     [D] which

5.[A] ordered                [B] designed                  [C] planned                   [D] supposed

6.[A] by                        [B] for                          [C] at                           [D] with

7.[A] proper                  [B] indirect                    [C] correct                    [D] wrong

8.[A] away                    [B] down                      [C] off                          [D] up

9.[A] minority               [B] majority                   [C] plenty                     [D] lack

10.[A] games                [B] hobbies                   [C] activities                  [D] rounds

11.[A] more                  [B] higher                     [C] better                      [D] smaller

12.[A] related                [B] mixed                      [C] connected               [D] combined

13.[A] by                      [B] with                        [C] to                           [D] at

14.[A] negative              [B] positive                   [C] similar                     [D] equal

15.[A] the                     [B] any                         [C] some                      [D] a

16.[A] all                      [B] mostly                     [C] any                         [D] most

17.[A] tied                    [B] attached                  [C] brought                   [D] removed

18.[A] those                  [B] these                       [C] there                       [D] they

19.[A] on                      [B] more                       [C] greater                    [D] fewer

20.[A] left                     [B] right                        [C] either                      [D] correct

 Passage 10

    Most people would be     1     by the high quality of medicine     2     to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of     3     to the individual, a     4     amount of advanced technical equipment, and     5     effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must     6     in the courts if they     7     things badly.

    But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in     8     health care is organized and     9    .     10     to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not     11     the less fortunate and the elderly.

    But even with this huge public part of the system,     12     this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. Budget-large number of Americans are left     13    .These include about half the million unemployed⁵³ and those who fail to meet the strict limits     14     income fixed⁵⁴ by a govern-ment trying to make savings⁵⁵ where it can.

    The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control     15     the health system. There is no     16     to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortu­nate persons concerned can do is     17     up. Two-thirds of the population     18     covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want     19     that the insurance company will pay the bill.

    The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. A is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9percent-about twice as fast as prices     20     general.

1.[A] compressed          [B] impressed                [C] obsessed                 [D] repressed

2.[A] available               [B] attainable                 [C] achievable               [D] amenable⁵⁶

3.[A] extension              [B] retention                  [C] attention                  [D] exertion⁵⁷

4.[A] countless              [B] titanic                      [C] broad                      [D] vast

5.[A] intensive               [B] absorbed                 [C] intense                    [D] concentrated

6.[A] run into                [B] encounter                [C] face                        [D] defy

7.[A] treat                     [B] deal                         [C] maneuver                [D] handle

8.[A] which                  [B] that                         [C] what                       [D] when

9.[A] to finance             [B] financed                  [C] the finance              [D] to be financed

10.[A] Contrary             [B] Opposed to             [C] Averse                     [D] Objected

11.[A] looking for          [B] looking into              [C] looking after            [D] looking over

12.[A] which                 [B] what                       [C] that                         [D] it

13.[A] over                   [B] out                          [C] off                          [D] away

14.[A] for                     [B] in                            [C] with                        [D] on

15.[A] over                   [B] on                           [C] under                      [D] behind

16.[A] boundary            [B] restriction                [C] confinement            [D] limit

17.[A] to pay                 [B] paying                     [C] pay                         [D] to have paid

18.[A] is being               [B] are                          [C] have been                [D] is

19.[A] knowing             [B] to know                  [C] they know               [D] known

20.[A] in                       [B] with                        [C] on                          [D] for

Passage 11

    On April 20 , 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African-countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary⁵⁸ union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004.The six countries     1     themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits⁵⁹     2     10percent of the previous years government     3    ;reducing budget deficits to     4     percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help 4 macroeconomic policies; and     5     up a common central bank. Their declaration     6     that, "Member States     7     the need     8     strong political commitment and     9     to     10     all such national policies     11     would facilitate the regional monetary integration⁶⁰ process."

    The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to     12     broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and     13     institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region.     14     independ­ence,     15    , these currency boards were     16    , with the     17     of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region' s countries have to     18     inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered⁶¹ by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional     19     in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be     20    .

1.[A] committed            [B] devoted                   [C] adjusted                  [D] attributed

2.[A] to                        [B] by                           [C] with                        [D] until

3.[A] finance                 [B] profit                      [C] income                    [D] revenue

4.[A] coordinate            [B] draft                       [C] ordinate                   [D] compromise

5.[A] building                [B] setting                     [C] founding                 [D] erecting⁶²

6.[A] says                     [B] writes                     [C] reads                      [D] states

7.[A] accept                  [B] understand               [C] recognize                [D] realize

8.[A] for                       [B] of                           [C] with                        [D] without

9.[A] commence            [B] undertake                [C] initiate                     [D] try

10.[A] pursue                [B] seek                        [C] quest                      [D] explore

11.[A] which                 [B] that                         [C] as                           [D] what

12.[A] accompany         [B] enforce                   [C] execute                   [D] compel

13.[A] common             [B] separate                   [C] several                    [D] public

14.[A] Towards             [B] Form                      [C] By                          [D] On

15.[A] therefore             [B] moreover                 [C] however                  [D] thus

16.[A] dissolved            [B] discharged               [C] dismissed                [D] dispelled⁶³

17.[A] consideration       [B] intention                  [C] exception                [D] regard

18.[A] date                    [B] deter                       [C] hinder                     [D] delay

19.[A] development        [B] prosperity                [C] integration               [D] cooperation

20.[A] revived               [B] renew                     [C] restore                    [D] refreshed

 Passage 12

    Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But     1     humans , plants can have their temperature     2     from 3,000 feet a way-straight up. A decade ago,     3     the infrared⁶⁴ （红外线的）scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist⁶⁵ Stephen Paley     4     a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine     5     ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer     6     target pesticide⁶⁶ spraying     7     rain poison on a whole field , which     8     include plants that don't have the pest problem.

    Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became     9     to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet     10    , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were     11     into a color-coded map showing     12     plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they     13     would. The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984 , after only three years. Farmers     14     the new technology and long-term backers were hard     15    .But with the renewed concern about pesticides⁶⁷ on produce , and refinements⁶⁸ in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to     16     into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used     17    .75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, " says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson , who recently retired⁶⁹ from the Department of Agriculture , thinks     18     infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But     19     Paley finds the financial backing     20     he failed to obtain 10 years ago.

1.[A] as                        [B] with                        [C] like                         [D] unlike

2.[A] taken                    [B] take                        [C] took                        [D] taking

3.[A] adopted                [B] adopting                  [C] adapted                   [D] adapting

4.[A] put up with           [B] came up to              [C] came up with           [D] stood up to

5.[A] whose                  [B] which                     [C] what                       [D] where

6.[A] precisely               [B] extraordinarily          [C] exceedingly             [D] extremely

7.[A] more than             [B] less than                  [C] rather than               [D] other than

8.[A] dominantly            [B] deliberately              [C] accidentally             [D] invariably

9.[A] seeming                [B] clear                       [C] apparent                  [D] visible

10.[A] at night               [B] for the night             [C] in night                   [D] over night

11.[A] transmitted          [B] transferred               [C] transformed             [D] transported

12.[A] how                   [B] where                     [C] what                       [D] when

13.[A] otherwise            [B] still                         [C] thus                        [D] therefore

14.[A] persisted in         [B] resisted                   [C] insisted on               [D] assisted

15.[A] to find out           [B] to be found              [C] to find                     [D] to be found on

16.[A] get off                [B] get out                    [C] get away                 [D] get back

17.[A] of                      [B] in                            [C] for                          [D] on

18.[A] remote                [B] lonely                      [C] removed                  [D] desolate⁷⁰

19.[A] even if                [B] if only                     [C] only if                     [D] though

20.[A] where                 [B] which                     [C] how                        [D] when

 Passage 13

    Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles⁷¹ as England.     1     ,the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others     2     to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish,     3     the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed     4     being classified as "English".

    Even in England there are many     5     in regional character and speech. The chief     6     is between southern England and northern England. South of a     7     going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students,     8     there are local variations.

    Further north, regional speech is usually     9     than that of southern Britain. Northerners are     10     to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more     11    .They are openhearted and hospitable⁷²; foreigners often find that they make friends with them     12    . Northerners generally have hearty⁷³     13    : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous     14     at meal times.

    In accent and character the people of the Midlands     15     a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

    In Scotland the sound     16     by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be     17     in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty⁷⁴ people,     18     inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently     19     as being more "fiery⁷⁵ "than the English. They are     20     a race that is quite distinct from the English.

1.[A] In consequence     [B] In brief                    [C] In general                [D] In fact

2.[A] confine                 [B] attach                      [C] refer                       [D] add

3.[A] as                        [B] which                     [C] for                          [D] so

4.[A] with                     [B] by                           [C] at                           [D] for

5.[A] similarities            [B] differences              [C] certainties                [D] features

6.[A] factor                   [B] virtue                      [C] privilege                  [D] division

7.[A] line                      [B] road                        [C] border                     [D] scale

8.[A] who                     [B] when                      [C] though                    [D] for

9.[A] wider                   [B] broader                   [C] rarer                       [D] scarcer

10.[A] used                   [B] apt                          [C] possible                   [D] probable

11.[A] perfect                [B] notorious                 [C] superior                  [D] thorough

12.[A] swiftly                [B] promptly                 [C] immediately             [D] quickly

13.[A] appetites             [B] tastes                      [C] interests                  [D] senses

14.[A] helpings              [B] offerings                 [C] fillings                     [D] findings

15[A] represent             [B] designate                 [C] demonstrate             [D] reckon

16[A] delivered              [B] denoted                   [C] depicted                  [D] defined

17[A] quiet                    [B] obscure                   [C] faint                        [D] silent

18[A] rather                  [B] still                         [C] somehow                [D] even

19[A] rendered              [B] thought                   [C] impressed                [D] described

20[A] with                    [B] of                           [C] among                    [D] against

 Passage 14

    College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football , baseball , basketball and hockey programs , and     1     millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions     2     as well, in television revenues , sponsorships. They also benefit     3     from the added publicity⁷⁶ they get via their teams. Big-name universities     4     each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly     5     crowds of over 90, 000. Basketball's national collegiate championship game is a TV     6     on a par⁴ with（与…相同或相似）any other sporting event in the United States,     7     perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can     8     one' s TV set and see the top athletic⁷⁷ programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford     9     in front of packed houses and national TV audiences.

    The athletes themselves are     10     and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify     11     teenagers and then go into high schools to     12     the country's best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about     13     coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls after 9 p.m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent⁷⁸ and sometimes     14    .Top college football programs     15     scholarships to20or 10players each year , and those student-athletes , when they arrive     16     campus , receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.

    In return, the players     17     the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges     18     two hours a day , four days a week from January to April. In summer , it' s back to strength and agility⁷⁹ training four days a week until mid- August, when camp     19     and preparation for the opening of the September-to- December season begins     20    .During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated⁸⁰ day of rest.