北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题

考生注意：所有答题务必写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。
I. Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40)
Part 1
Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.
1. “The giant was bit” is a tautological¹ statement, to say the least.
A. tight      B. redundant      C. illogical      D. relative
2. There is an embargo² on any more video games coming into the house.
A. landing place     B. prohibition      C. violation      D. permission
3. Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.
A. impatient   B. immature   C. impulsive   D. imperial
4. Unfortunately, I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic³ chores.
A .dull        B. practical    C. trivial      D. rhyming
5. The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance too glib⁴.
A. sarcastic    B. flashy      C. malicious   D. readily fluent
6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided⁵ it was too beautiful to swim in.
A. breakable   B. futuristic    C. delicate     D. sparkling
7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.
A. lead       B. doubt       C. check       D. repeat
8. It is more difficult for a chronic⁶ smoker⁷ to give up the habit than for a novice⁸, but it can be done.
A. affluent    B. confirmed    C. disciplined  D. indecisive
9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company
A. headhunted    B. punched   C. plundered   D. probed
10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable.
A. indelible    B. inscrutable    C. illegible   D. illegitimate
11. She bristled¹⁰ at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.
A. bridled   B. bridged   C. breathed   D. boasted
12. Investors¹¹ should study a prospectus¹² before putting money into a big company.
A. positive outlook   B. banking¹³ agreement   C. profit-and-loss statement   D. formal business document
13 .The real hero is never ostentatious.
A. frivolous        B. pretentious   C. presumptuous   D. ponderous
14. If you have never held a driving license¹⁴ before, you should apply for a provisional license.
A. providential     B. temporary     C. provincial   D. improvised
15. John Smith is a voracious¹⁵ book collector.
A. vicious         B. luxurious      C. insatiable   D. valuable
16. I don’t think we should make precipitate¹⁶ decisions.
A .precipitous      B. precocious      C. precarious  D. precautious
17. You need an excursion to break the monotony.
A. gaunt           B. jaunt           C. vaunt     D. taunt
18. The government appears in a quandary¹⁷ about what to do with so many people.
A. border          B. marshy¹⁸ ground   C. dilemma   D. situation
19. It was an auspicious¹⁹ beginning to her career as an author.
A. unexpected    B. interesting   C. favorable   D. doubtful
20. The governor was usually circumspect²⁰ when dealing²¹ with the media.
A. skilled        B. cautious    C. impatient    D. obedient
Part 2
Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.
21. The children were having a wonderful time _____ on the frozen lake.
A. slipping   B. slithering   C. skidding   D. sliding
22. The campers ______ their tent in a sheltered valley.
A. established   B. installed   C. pitched   D. fixed 
23. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning. Whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _____.
A. response   B. impulse   C. instinct   D. consciousness
24. The cultural traditions of the invaders²² slowly ______ the practices of the island dwellers²³.
A .spread     B. perpetuated   C. permeated   D. reinforced
25. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his bestselling novel he became unbearable²⁴ _____.
A. bigoted   B. proud   C. conceited   D. exaggerated
26. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A. actual    B. real    C. original   D. genuine
27. Although ____, new deposits of oil will be found, sooner or later, the world’s supply will be exhausted²⁵.
A. in all likelihood       B. in all possibility   C. in all circumstances     D. in all conditions
28. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and ___ in a quiet position.
A. before all   B. above all   C. first of all   D. over all
29. He came to inspect the house ___ buying it.
A. in the event of    B. with a view to   C. in case of   D. with regard to
30. Let’s not ____ over such a trifle!
A. fall through   B. fall off   C. fall out   D. fall back
31. He is a clever mimic²⁶ who can take ____ most of the lectures in this college.
A. over      B. down      C. off          D. for
32. He tried for forgery²⁷ in a law court but was lucky enough to _____ .
A. get on    B. get off      C. get through   D. get out
33. The captain turned ____ early that night, not realizing that the icebergs²⁸ were so close
A. in      B. down    C. into    D. off
34. You promised you would do it. Why did you go ____ on your word?
A. back    B. away    C. over   D. by
35. The numerals have become, _____, his friends, and he knows all their relations and acquaintances.
A. as it is      B. as it was      C. as it were      D. as they are
36. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
A. would identify   B. will identify   C. would have identified      D. will have identified
37. Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends for their kindness ____, she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte town.
A. Otherwise     B. However       C. But           D. Nevertheless
38. The window is never opened ____ in summer.
A. but       B. except      C. when      D. while
39. Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold ____ bacteria in foods to a safe level.
A. a number of       B. the number of       C. an amount of       D. a quantity of
40. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence²⁹ that is ____ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analyzed   B. has been analyzed    C. be analyzed    D. should have been analyzed
II. Error spotting (20points, 1*20)
Directions: Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter.
41. The process depends, however, upon the drawer, cupboard and storage space being provided,
A                                                 B
for the lack of which some thing may literally³⁰ have no place to go .
C                        D
42. Immediately after I put my head on it, I got to understand that translation wasn’t as mechanical a job as
A               B                               C
I had held it to be.
D
43. Living in a remote country village, many forms of entertainment are in accessible to us.
      A               B                  C                    D
44. Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine to the starved
          A                B                   C                                      D
people.

45. The government deems it essential that people are psychologically able to resist the impact brought about
A                  B                                      C
by the transition from planned economy to market-oriented economy.
                        D
46. At seeing him, I couldn’t resist laughing because his suit hung loosely, as if tailored for someone twice his
   A                   B                                    C                      D
size.
47. What is often stressed in most of the literature, an objective of Women Lib is to do away with unfair
    A                                        B                       C
discrimination against women.
       D
48. If ambition is to be well regarded, the reward of ambition----wealth, distinction, control over                A                        B
one’s destiny ----- must be deemed worthy³² of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.
                                C                             D
49. Mr. Smith regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.
A                         B                           C      D
50. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprised us all.
       A                   B                        C             D
51. The parent as teacher-counselor acts in accord with the developmental model of child rearing, by which
 A                                           B
the child is viewed as an extremely plastic organism with virtually unlimited³³ potential for growth and
           C                                                              D
development.

52. For every patient with AIDS, it is estimated that there are 10 times as many as ARC, or AIDS-Related
A
Complex, a precursor³⁴ to the fullblown disease, and 50 times as many who already
B                                       C
have been infected with the agent human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
D
53. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood the possibility of discovering a medicine that can
A                                     B                        C
block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.
               D
54.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit³¹ to
A                      B                                         C
take place of private cars.
D
55. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files,
 A                     B
and program computers to locate specific in formation.
    C                 D
56. Once an occupation came to be received to be “female”, employers showed little interest in changing
A                                B
that perception, even when higher profits were expected to be gained.
C                     D
57. It is inevitable³⁵ that the natural resources throughout the world are diminished as the demand for them is
A                                               B              C
on the increase.
D
58. The men who wrote the United States Constitution did the best they could on the face of circumstances
A                                  B                 C
which confronted them at the time.
D
59.I am sure one of the main reasons why boys and girls are such good companions today is that they are no
A                                                B
longer  afraid of showing their feeling towards each other.
C                       D
60.The data received from the two spacecrafts whirling around Mars indicate that there is much evidence that
A             B                           C
huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.
                 D
III. Cloze (10 points, 1*10)
Directions: Fill in each underlined space with one word that best suits the context of the following passage.
   Today it is out of fashion to speak in ___61______ of characters. But there is no more essential aspect of any person.
  Character is made up of those principles and values that give your __62___ direction, meaning and depth. These constitute your inner sense of ___63_____ is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct ___64____ on who you are. They include ___65____ traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity³⁶ ------ which arise ___66______ the hard choice we have to _67___ in life. So wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.
  ___68____ some people wonder if our inner values __69_____ anymore. After all, hasn’t our noted³⁷ bank executive succeeded in every visible way ___70____ his transgressions( 错误，过失)。
VI. Translation from Chinese into English (30 points)
   在找工作的过程中，有面试，就有曙光。面试的成功与否，除了面试官如何看你的条件及个人素质外，主要取决于他们如何评价你在面试中总的表现，因此，有必要把它当作一场演出或比赛来看待，其目的是向面试官推销自己，让他们感到你是干这项工作的最佳人选。
   大多数人在面试中处于被动地位，竭尽全力回答提出的任何问题。一种更好的方法是控制局面，给面试官提供你想给他们的信息，而不是他们想从你这儿发现的信息：使他们有信心，绝对相信你是能胜任这项工作的人选，让他们几乎没有理由相信你不能胜任。信心不仅仅来自你作出的回答，也产生于你的外表以及你表现出来的热情、精力、自信、个人品质和雄心壮志。
   大多数面试者没能得到工作的主要原因就是他们没能使面试官对他们产生信心。他们败下阵来并非是他们不能胜任这项工作，而是他们对自己能胜任工作的自信没能在面试中表现出来。他们的自我推销做得还不够。大多数人之所以这样是因为他们在面试时很紧张，如果每次面试后都没有得到工作，不少人觉得自己是失败者并变的更为焦虑。这是不实际的。大多数面试者都将被拘之门外。不要想自己是否会得到这份工作。只需专心参加面试，并竭尽所能，工作自然就会有着落了。
V. Translation from English into Chinese. (30 points)
   It used to be said that English people take their pleasures sadly. No doubt this would still be true if they had any pleasures to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy³⁸. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasures sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English – speaking people somber³⁹ in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.
   In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium⁴⁰ would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in opulent cars, whether in your country or in mine. I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me to expect. In nine cases out of ten. I see instead a look of boredom⁴¹ and discontent and an almost frantic⁴² longing⁴³ for something that might tickle⁴⁴ the jaded⁴⁵ (腻烦的)palate.
   But it is not only the very rich who suffer in this way. Professional men very frequently feel hopelessly thwarted⁴⁶. There is something that they long to do or some public object that they long to work for. But if they were to indulge their wishes in these respects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood⁴⁷. Their wives are equally unsatisfied, for their neighbor, Mrs. So-and-So, has gone ahead more quickly, has a better car , a larger apartment and grander friends.
   Life for almost everybody is a long competitive struggle where very few can win the race and those who do not win are unhappy. On social occasions when it is de rigueur(按照礼节时尚所要求的)to seem cheerful the necessary demeanor⁴⁸ is stimulated⁴⁹ by alcohol. But the gaiety does not ring true and anybody who had just one drink too many is apt to lapse⁵⁰ into lachrymose⁵¹ (泪流满面的) melancholy.
   One finds this sort of thing only among English speaking people. A Frenchman while he is abusing Government is as gay as a lark⁵². So is an Italian while he is telling how his neighbor has swindled him. Mexicans, when they are not actually starving or actually being murdered, sing and dance and enjoy sunshine and food and drink with a gusto which is very rare north of the Mexican frontier. When Andrew Jackson conquered Pensacola from the Spaniards, his wife looked out of the widow and saw the population enjoying itself although it was Sunday. She pointed⁵³ out the scandal to her husband, who decreed that cheerfulness must cease forthwith and it did.
   When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience⁵⁴ (服从)in some large organization. If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical⁵⁵. Whenever you have bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The more energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became the proper sort of yes-man your income would soon be doubled. If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned⁵⁶ to gastric⁵⁷ ulcers⁵⁸ (胃溃疡) and premature⁵⁹ old age.
VI. Writing (20 points)
Directions: Write an expository composition of no less than 200 words on the topic
         “My View on a Balanced Personal Development”

I．               Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40)
1.C  2.B  3.C  4.A   5.D  6.D  7.B  8.B  9.A  10.D
11.A  12.A  13.B  14.B  15.B  16.A  17.B 18.C 19.C 20.B
21.D 22.D  23.C  24.C 25.C 26.C  27.A 28.B 29.A 30.D
31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C  35.C  36.C 37.A 38.A 39.B 40.C

II. Error spotting
41.D 42.D 43.D 44.C 45.B  46.D  47.B  48.C 49.B  50.B
51.D 52.D 53.C  54.D  55.D  56.D 57.C  58.D  59.D 60.D

III. Cloze (10 points, 1*10
61. terms  62.any  63.what  64.but  65.such  66.from  67.face
68.therefore   69. account   70.

VI. Translation from Chinese into English (30 points)
  In the process of finding a job, where there is an interview, there is
hope. Whether you succeed or not depends not only on how the interviewers
look at your qualifications and you personal qualities, mainly depend on
how they evaluate your performance in interviews, therefore, it’s
necessary to retreat it as an performance or a contest with the aim to
market yourself to the interviewers and make them feel that you are the
best to do the job.
Most interviewees are in the positive position and try their best to answer
all the questions in the interviews. One better way is to control the
situation and provide the information that you want to offer, but not the
information that they want to find from you: to make them have confidence
and absolutely believe that you are the best choice and to make them almost
have no reason to believe you can’t do it. Confidence not only comes from
your answers, also from your appearance and your enthusiasm, energy,
confidence, personal quality and ambition.
The main reason that most interviewees can’t get the job is that they can’
t make the interviewers become confident in them. They failed not because
they can’t do the job well, but because they didn’t show their confidence
during the interview. They didn’t do self-marketing well. Most people do
so because they are nervous, if they can’t get the job after each
interview, many people will feel that they are loser and become more
anxious. It is not practical. Most interviewers will be refused. Don’t
think whether you can get the job or not. You only need to concentrate on
interview and try your best, you naturally can get the job.

V . Translation from English into Chinese. (30 points)
  过去人们常说，英国人伤心地玩耍。如果他们有事情要取悦，毫无疑问这仍是事实，但是，在我们 国家，烟酒的价格为忧郁提供了充足的外部理由。有时，我想忧郁的消遣习惯风靡大西洋， 而且我也想过什么使得说英语的人们看上去如此忧郁，尽管他们拥有健康的身体和满意的收入。
    在美国旅行的过程中，一种基本的抑郁给我留下了深刻的印象，对我来说，它极其普通，但给社会改革家带来了难题。大多数社会改革家认为，如果消除贫困，就不会有更多的经济不安全性，会变成百万富翁。但是，不论在你们国家还是我的国家，当我看着乘坐豪华轿车人们的面容时，我从未看过前面提到的社会改革家让我期望的灿烂幸福的面容，相反，十之八九我所看到的无精打采、毫不满意的表情，以及对一些可能产生腻烦的事物的近乎痴迷的追求。
    但是，不仅仅富人遭受这种痛苦。专业人士经常感觉到无望的受挫。有一些他们渴望要做的事情，或一些他们渴望完成的公益目标。但是，如果他们把希望放在这些方面，他们害怕失去生活。他们的妻子也同样地令人不满意，对他们的邻居来说，某某先生和某某发展地很快，有更好的车，更大的房子和更重要的朋友。
    对于几乎每个人来说，生活是一个长期的竞争性的斗争，在这过程中，很少有人能获胜，并且失败的人是不幸福的。在一些社交场合，当按照礼节时尚所要求的似乎欢笑的时候，必要的风度是由酒精刺激的。但这种欢喜不是真实的，喝太多酒的人容易陷入泪流满面的忧郁中。人们仅在以英语为母语的人群中发现这种事情。一个法国人当他是一个公共汽车公司的一员，会像云雀一样的快乐。当印度人告诉他的邻居是如何欺诈他时，也是如此。当墨西哥人实际上没被饿死或谋杀时，他们会欢歌跳舞，沐浴阳光，品尝食物和美酒，使用一种墨西哥边疆北部罕见的酒器。当Andrew Jackson 从西班牙人那里抢夺Pensacola时，他妻子透过窗子看去，尽管是周末，看到人们在欢喜雀跃。他向丈夫指出了丑闻，他
丈夫立即下令停止欢呼。并且他成功了.当我试图弄清什么使得如此多的美国人不象期望的那样幸福时，对于我来说，似乎存在两种原因，其中一个更加深刻。浅层的原因是在一些大机构中服从的必要性。如果你是一个精力充沛且具有强烈目标的人，并且以正确的方法做你的工作，你会发现自己同样地受到高层像我一样年老、疲惫人的指使。不论何时你产生美好的想法，老板都会阻止他。你精力越充沛，你的视野会更远。你越会遭受到不可能做你感觉到应当完成的事情。当你回到家对妻子呻吟时，她告诉你你是一个愚蠢的人，如果你是一个真正的人，
你的收入很快会翻番。如果你离婚而后再婚，生活不可能会有任何变化。你会得胃溃疡并且会未老先衰.