备战中考总动员之英语考点拾遗(八)

时间:2007-07-30 00:58:59

(单词翻译:单击)

  考点拾遗之八 零冠词
  1.概述

  零冠词是指名词前不带冠词并且能单独使用的情况。

  2.用法指南

  通常我们在三类名词前不带冠词:复数可数名词、不可数名词和专有名词。但是,用来指特定的事物时,the可以出现在复数名词和不可数名词前面。

  The pens I gave you were imported from American.

  我给你的钢笔是从美国进口的。

  The water we drank last night had a lot of sodas1.

  我们昨天晚上喝的水含有大量的苏打。

  1.零冠词+可数/不可数名词

  一般叙述的情况下,在说明人、地点、食物、职业、国籍、动物、植物等等的情况时,其前面不用加冠词。

  (1)零冠词+复数可数名词

  地点:Museums are closed on Mondays.

  星期一博物馆关门。

  职业:Soldiers always support each other in the war.

  战场上士兵们总是互相支持。

  动物:Cats don't like cold weather.

  猫不喜欢冬天。

  产品:Watches have become very popular.

  手表变得很流行。

  国籍:Americans are always very independent.

  美国人总是很独立。

  人: Girls like shopping when they are free.

  女孩总是喜欢在空闲的时候购物。

  植物:Trees lose their leaves in winter.

  树木在冬天落叶。

  (2)零冠词+不可数名词

  食物:Rice is very important to our country.

  大米对我们国家很重要。

  饮料:Water must be pure if it is to be drunk2.

  饮用的水必须干净。

  抽象:Life is short but art is long.

  生命是短暂的,但是艺术是长久的。

  金钱:He has a lot of money.

  他很有钱。

  运动:Football is very popular around the world.

  足球在世界各个地方都很流行。

  行为:Smoking is bad for the health.

  吸烟有害健康。

  2.零冠词的其他

  (1)家庭成员之间的称呼,如father, mother, aunt, uncle等,不用加冠词。

  What time will father be home?

  爸爸什么时候回家?

  (2)对于大家来讲很熟悉,不会被大家误解的人,也不用加冠词。如保姆,家庭老师等。

  Nancy has gone out to the supermarket with babysitter4.

  南希已经和保姆去超市了。

  (3)餐饮名称也一般不加冠词。

  We usually have afternoon tea at about 3pm.

  我们通常下午三点喝下午茶。

  (4)各种语言名称之前不加冠词。

  Are you studying German?

  你在学习德语么?

  但是,在表示语言的短语中有language时,须用冠词。

  He is learning5 the French language.

  他正在学习法语。
  (5)用“by+名词”表示交通工具或旅行方式的时候,该名词前不用冠词。

  by air乘飞机

  by car 乘汽车

  by plane 乘飞机

  by bike 骑自行车

  by train 乘火车

  by ship 乘船

  by bus 乘公共汽车

  by taxi 乘出租车

  (6)当school, church, market, bed等表示“处所”的名词指的不是具体的地点时,前面通常不用加冠词。

  go to school去上学

  go to bed 去睡觉

  go to market 去市场

  go to church 去做礼拜

  但是,如果是指明地点,或是为了其他目的而去这些处所时,其前面就要加上冠词。

  He is in prison. 他在坐牢。

  He returned from the prison. 他从监狱回来了。

  I go to bed at 10:30. 我十点半就寝。

  Don't go to the bed. 不要到床跟前去。

  常见的这类名词有:

  bed,university,sea,class,school,hospital, home, town, market等。

  (7)学科名称前不用冠词。

  She is interested in music.

  她对音乐有兴趣。

  Do you like Math?

  你喜欢数学么?

  (8)运动项目、棋类等名称前不用冠词。

  play basketball 打篮球

  play football 踢足球

  play tennis 打网球

  play golf 打高尔夫球

  play table tennis 打乒乓球

  play chess 下棋

  (9) 量词之后的名词通常也不加冠词。

  a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力

  a bottle of water 一杯水

  a pair of shoes 一双鞋子

  a piece of paper 一张纸

  (10)用在“(a) kind of…… ”等表示类属的短语之后的名词,不论是可数的还是不可数的,通常都不用加冠词。

  He is the kind of person who always makes troubles.

  他是那种总要惹是生非的人。

  (11)固定短语。

  in charge of 负责 for example 例如

  in trouble 陷入困境 catch fire 着火

  in danger 处于危险中set fire to 放火烧

  by hand 手工的 by machine 用机器

  in fact 实际上

 


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1 sodas c10ddd4eedc33e2ce63fa8dfafd61880     
n.苏打( soda的名词复数 );碱;苏打水;汽水
参考例句:
  • There are plenty of sodas in the refrigerator. 冰箱里有很多碳酸饮料。 来自辞典例句
  • Two whisky and sodas, please. 请来两杯威士忌苏打。 来自辞典例句
2 drunk LuozL6     
adj.醉酒的;(喻)陶醉的;n.酗酒者,醉汉
参考例句:
  • People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
  • She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时,经常发现他醉醺醺的。
3 smoking NilzKh     
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
参考例句:
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
4 babysitter c0f49b962a1b05f9b7907bd3b038212c     
n.临时照顾幼儿者
参考例句:
  • I can't find a babysitter for tonight. 我找不到人今天晚上帮我看小孩。
  • The babysitter was in charge of the kids while the parents were out. 保姆在父母不在家的时候,负责照顾孩子们。 来自辞典例句
5 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

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