备战中考总动员之英语考点拾遗(十四)

时间:2007-07-30 01:03:38

(单词翻译:单击)

  考点拾遗之十四 易用错的不定代词
  有些不定代词的中文含义很接近,但在英语中使用时却有很大区别。比如:

  1.both和all的用法

  (1)相同之处

  A. 两个词都可以指代人和物。

  They are both in Class Ten.(指人)

  他们俩都在十班。

  I don't know which book is better. I shall3 read both. (指物)

  我不知道哪一本好一些。这两本我都要读。

  All are agreed5.(指人)

  全体赞成。

  He gave6 all he had7.(指物)

  他倾其所有。

  B. 两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质。

  There are two young men in the room. Both are in twenties.(名词性)

  屋子里有两个年青人。俩人都二十几岁。

  Both her children go to the same school.(形容词性)

  她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。

  All are gone. (名词性)

  大家都走了。

  All roads lead8 to Rome9. (形容词性)

  条条大路通

罗马。

  C. 两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。

  Both (of them) like popular10 songs. (主语)

  (他们)两人都喜欢流行歌曲。

  All of us are sick. (主语)

  我们全都病了。

  I'll take both of them with me.(宾语)

  他们两个我全带去。

  I want all of you to do well. (宾语)

  我要你们所有的人都好好干。

  Both men are interested11 in the job.(定语)

  两个人都对这项工作感兴趣。

  We worked hard all year. (定语)

  我们整年辛勤工作。

  They both like China very much.(同位语)

  他们俩都非常喜爱中国。

  They all agreed to stay. (同位语)

  他们都同意留下。

  D. 两个词都可以与of连用。

  I want to buy both of the books.

  这两本书我都想要买。

  It'll cost12 all of $500.

  它要花费整整500 美元。

  (2)不同之处

  A. both只能指可数名词,表示两者。

  Both of them are from Russia13.

  他们俩都来自俄罗斯。

  I want both books.

  这两本书我都要。

  B. all既指可数名词,又指不可数名词。在指不可数名词时,表示三者或三者以上。

  All agree4 your idea.

  大家都同意你的想法。

  All of the books are interesting.

  这些书都很有趣。

  但是,当all的意思是“一切”时,表示单数意义。

  All is the same, just like ten years ago.

  一切都没有变,就像十年前一样。

  2.both, either和neither的用法

  (1)相同之处

  A. 三个词都表示两者。

  Both of them are my good friends.

  他们俩都是我的好朋友。

  Either14 of the books will do.

  两本书随便哪一本都可以。

  Neither15 of the answers is right.

  两个答案哪一个都不对。

  B. 三个词在句中都可以做主语、宾语和定语。

  Both of the kites are broken16.(主语)

  两个风筝都坏了。

  She hurt both of her feet.(宾语)

  她伤了两只脚。

  Both guests17 have arrived. (定语)

  两个客人都已到了。

  Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine. (主语)

  你想看哪一部电影?哪部都行。

  There are two hammers18 here. You may use either. (宾语)

  这儿有两把锤子。你可以随便用哪一把。

  Either coat will be fine. (定语)

  (穿)随便哪件衣服都行。

  Neither of the twins is here. (主语)

  那对双胞胎都不在这里。

  Which of the books did19 you like? Neither (of them)! They were both boring20. (宾语)

  你喜欢哪本书?都不喜欢!两本都很乏味。

  Neither shoe feels comfortable21. (定语)

  两只鞋都感觉不舒服。

  (2)不同之处

  A. 三个词的含义不同。

  both表示“两者都……”

  either表示“两者中随便哪个都……”

  neither表示“两者中哪个都不……”

  B. 三个词各自构成不同的固定短语。

  Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities.(both…and…)

  北京和上海都是大城市。

  Either this knife or that one will do.(either…or…)

  这把或那把小刀都行。

  The weather here is neither too hot nor22 too cold.(neither…nor…)

  这儿的天气既不太热也不太冷。

  C. both…and…结构用作主语时,谓语动词用复数;either…or…与neither…nor…结构用 作主语时,谓语动词的数由离其最近的名词决定。

  Either that watch or these watches are made23 in Hong Kong.

  要么那块手表要么这些手表是香港造的。

  Neither my parents nor my sister likes swimming.

  我父母亲和我妹妹都不喜欢游泳。
  3.other和another的用法

  (1)相同之处

  A. 两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质,既可指人,也可指物。

  I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor.(名词性质,指人)

  我由两个哥哥。一个是老师,另一个是医生。

  Where's my other glove?(形容词性质,指物)

  我的另一只手套在哪儿?

  She is going25 to have another baby. (形容词性质,指人)

  她要添一个小孩了。

  This shirt is too big; I'll try another. (名词性质,指物)

  这件衬衫太大了,我再试一件。

  B. 两个词都可以与one搭配使用。

  Both of them left. One took26 a taxi, and the other walked home.

  他们俩都走了。一个人打车回家,另一个人则步行回家。

  One boy was27 reading28, another was writing29, the third was singing.

  一个男孩在读书,另一个在写字,第三个在唱歌。

  (2)不同之处:other与the、my、your等连用,指两者中的“另一个”;another指多个中的“另一个”。

  Open your other eye.

  睁开你的另一只眼睛。

  He is standing30 at the other side31 of the street.

  他站在街道的另一边。

  There are two foreigners32 in the office. One is from Japan and the other is from Korea33.

  办公室里有两个外国人。一个日本人,一个韩国人。(特指两个中的另一个)

  Would34 you like another (orange)?

  你还想要个(橘子)吗?

  需要说明的是:others是another的复数形式,表示“另外的人或物”。

  In the park, there are lots of students. Some are flying kites. Others24 are playing balls.

  公园里有很多学生。有一些在放风筝,其他(一些)人在玩球。

  In the park, there are lots of students. Some are flying kites. The others are playing balls.

  公园里有很多学生。有一些在放风筝,其他人(都)在玩球。

  4.every和each的用法

  (1)相同之处

  A. 两个词都具有形容词性质,都可以用作定语,表示“每一个”。

  We went jogging35 every day.

  我们每天都慢跑。

  Each boy has a basketball member card.

  每个男孩都有一张篮球会员证。

  B. 两个词作主语的定语时,谓语动词都用单数。

  Every /Each room is clean and tidy.

  每个房间都很整洁。

  (2)不同之处

  A. each除了具有形容词性质之外,还具有名词性质,而every没有名词性质。

  She gave two apples to each.

  她给了每个人两个苹果。

  Each is worse36 than the one before.

  一个比一个差。

  正是由于这个原因,each可以与of结构搭配,而every不能。

  each of us(√)

  every of us(×)

  each of the children(√)

  every of the children(×)

  B. each强调个体,而every 强调整体。

  He can get up for about two hours each day.

  他每天都可以起床活动大约两个小时。

  He has already37 been to nearly38 every country.

  他已经到过几乎所有国家。

  5.some和any的用法

  (1)相同之处:这两个词都具有形容词性质和名词性质,都可代替和修饰可数名词和不可数名词,意思是“一些、若干”。

  (2)不同之处

  A. some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。

  I have some questions.

  我有些问题。

  I don't have any questions.

  我没有问题。

  Do you have any questions?

  你有问题吗?

  If you have any questions, put up your hands.

  如果你有问题,请举手。

  B. 在表示邀请、请求、建议等的疑问句中,用some。

  Would you like some orange juice?

  你想要点橙汁吗?

  Will you please give me some cookies39

  请给我一些饼干。

  C. some可以表示“某一个”。

  He went to some place in Africa.

  他到非洲某地去了。

  D. Some还可以表示“大约” ,通常用于数字前。

  Some 40 people took part40 in the meeting41.

  大约有40个人参加了会议。

  That was some twenty years ago.

  那大约是20年前。

  E1. any还可以用于肯定句,意思是“任一的,每一的”和“任何一个(或一些)人”。

  You can buy sugar at any big store42.

  你可以在任何大商店里买到糖。

  It is not yet43 known44 to any.

  这事目前谁也不知道。  

  6.some(-thing, -body, -one)和any(-thing, -body, -one)的用法

  (1)相同之处:这些代词都具有名词性质,表示“某人”、“某物”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。

  (2)不同之处

  A. some (-thing, -body, -one) 多用于肯定句,any (-thing, -body, -one)多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。

  Somebody45 lost his/her coat.

  有人丢失了外套。

  I don't need anything.

  我什么都不需要。

  Do you need anything?

  你需要什么吗?

  If you want anything, call me.

  你要是需要什么,就叫我。

  B. 在表示邀请、请求、建议等的疑问句中,用some (-thing, -body, -one)。

  Would you like something to drink?

  你要点喝的吗?

  Will someone46 go and get a bottle of water?

  谁去拿瓶水来?

  C. any (-thing, -body, -one) 可以用于肯定句,表示“任何事”或“任何人”。

  We would do anything for her.

  为了她,我们什么都可以干。

  Anybody47 can join us.

  任何人都可以参加。

  7.many和much的用法

  (1)相同之处:many和much都具有形容词性质和名词性质,表示“许多”,主要用作定语。

  The hen laid48 many eggs.

  母鸡下了很多蛋。

  Take as2 much milk as you want.

  牛奶你要多少就拿多少。

  注意:not many相当于few。not much相当于little。

  (2)不同之处

  A. many用来修饰可数名词,much用来修饰不可数名词。

  Are there many birds in the sky?

  天空中鸟多吗?

  Is there much water in the bottle?

  瓶子中水多吗?

  B. How many用于询问可数名词的量有多少;

  How much用于询问不可数名词的量有多少;

  How much还可用于询问价钱和金额。

  How many bananas are in the basket?

  篮子里有多少香蕉?

  How much beef49 do you want?

  你想要(买)多少牛肉?

  How much did you pay50 for the pork51

  这些猪肉你付了多少钱?

  How much are these apples?

  这些苹果多少钱?


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 e e1671797c52e15f763380b45e841ec32     
n.英语字母表的第5个字母;C大调音阶中的第三音
参考例句:
  • The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错,把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
3 shall lzFwQ     
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
参考例句:
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
4 agree DKSyI     
vi.同意,赞成,承认,适合;vt.同意
参考例句:
  • I totally agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
  • They could not agree about who should do the work.对于谁该做这项工作,他们意见不一致。
5 agreed uzCzba     
adj.同意的;接受的;经过协议的;双方共同议定的v.同意,赞同( agree的过去式和过去分词);[语法学](在性、数、人称或格方面)一致;相同;和睦相处
参考例句:
  • He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us. 尽管勉强,他最后还是同意帮助我们。
  • Both sides in the dispute have agreed to go to arbitration . 争执双方已同意提请仲裁。
6 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
7 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
8 lead 0Rrzf     
v.引导,致使;领导
参考例句:
  • She is a lead singer in a pop group.她是流行歌曲演唱团体的最重要的歌手。
  • Excuse me,does this road lead to the railway station?请问,这条路通向火车站吗?
9 Rome Pjszih     
n.罗马(意大利首都)
参考例句:
  • I have not been to either Paris or Rome.我既没有到过巴黎也没有到过罗马。
  • We're leaving for Rome next week.我们下星期要到罗马去。
10 popular XOaxT     
adj.受欢迎的;流行的;通俗的
参考例句:
  • " Mary " is a very popular name for a girl.“ 玛丽 ”是个很常见的女孩名字。
  • He likes to play football and to sing popular songs.他喜欢踢足球和唱流行歌曲。
11 interested WqFzGH     
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
12 cost 2zaxi     
n.价钱,费用,成本;损失,牺牲
参考例句:
  • What does the book cost?这本书值多少?
  • He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
13 Russia Zjcz9G     
n.俄罗斯,俄国
参考例句:
  • During his summer vacation he visited Russia.暑假期间他去俄罗斯了。
  • America and Russia are great powers.美国和俄国是两大强国。
14 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
15 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
16 broken 6xZz4B     
adj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词
参考例句:
  • He is mending a broken cup.他在修补破杯子。
  • Something was broken in my engine.我的发动机里有个东西损坏了。
17 guests 9366a2751ef2a1c1d4d98cc377d61e8c     
n.客人;来宾;旅客 vt.招待;款待 vi.作客;客人( guest的名词复数 );旅客;特邀嘉宾;[动物学]客虫
参考例句:
  • The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
  • The guests left in an alcoholic haze. 客人们醉醺醺地离去了。
18 hammers 362aa834837c647b6797d6fef4dd3e06     
n.锤( hammer的名词复数 );链球;(拍卖时用的)木槌;音槌v.锤打( hammer的第三人称单数 );反复敲打,连续击打(尤指发出大声);击败;猛踢
参考例句:
  • A carpenter's tools include saws, hammers, and screw-drivers. 木工的工具包括锯子、锤子和旋凿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The teacher hammers away at the multiplication tables. 老师反复地念诵乘法表。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
20 boring htEzW     
adj.无聊的;令人生厌的
参考例句:
  • It is a boring film.这是一部枯燥乏味的电影。
  • This story is kind of boring.这个故事有点无聊。
21 comfortable 0qJzT     
adj.舒适的,舒服的
参考例句:
  • This sofa is very comfortable.这张沙发很舒服。
  • The environment for shopping is comfortable.购物的环境很舒适。
22 nor 0Hixj     
conj./adv.也不,也没有
参考例句:
  • It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
  • She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
23 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
24 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
25 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
26 took indwq     
vt.带,载(take的过去式)
参考例句:
  • I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
  • It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。
27 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
28 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
29 writing aeGzKN     
n.写,写作;著作,文学作品
参考例句:
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗?
30 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
31 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
32 foreigners ffc75f119ea489af9e3ff3c62dbe2c98     
外国人( foreigner的名词复数 ); 外来人,外地人; 老外; 蕃
参考例句:
  • Foreigners take some time to adjust to our way of life. 外国人要花一些时间才能适应我们的生活方式。
  • The emperor issued an edict forbidding doing trade with foreigners. 皇帝颁布了一项不得和外国人做生意的敕令。
33 Korea dpXzcH     
n.朝鲜(亚洲)
参考例句:
  • Korea lies to the east of China.韩国位于中国东面。
  • Korea and China are separated by only the Yalu River.朝鲜和中国只隔一条鸭绿江。
34 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
35 jogging fpszwY     
n.(运动的)慢跑
参考例句:
  • Every morning he likes jogging.每天早晨他都喜欢慢跑。
  • How often do you go jogging?你多久慢跑一次?
36 worse zf7w1     
adj.更坏的,更差的;adv.更坏,更差
参考例句:
  • I have even worse news for you.我有更坏的消息告诉你。
  • The weather got worse during the day.白天天气更坏了。
37 already wLByk     
adv.已经
参考例句:
  • We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
  • I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了,所以我不想再去了。
38 nearly 5Gtxq     
adv.将近,几乎,差不多
参考例句:
  • I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
  • It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。
39 cookies wvSzkW     
小甜饼(复数)
参考例句:
  • She sat reading a magazine, dunking cookies in her coffee. 她坐着一边看杂志一边将曲奇饼在咖啡里蘸一下再吃。
  • There are only five cookies left. 只剩下五块曲奇了。
40 part m45zX     
n.部份,零件;角色,部位;vt.分开,分离,分配;vi.分离,离开;adv.部份地;adj.分离的
参考例句:
  • This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
  • Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色?
41 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
42 store 3uPwZ     
n.商店,贮藏,仓库;v.储存,贮藏,供给
参考例句:
  • The shoe store is across from the bank.鞋店在银行对面。
  • Some food won't store.有些食物不能贮存。
43 yet TVOzu     
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
参考例句:
  • I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
  • Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。
44 known hpKzdc     
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
参考例句:
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
45 somebody EwPw4     
n.重要人物;pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
  • He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。
46 someone Cwvw3     
pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • I can hear someone knocking.我听到有人敲门。
  • Someone wants to see her.有人找她。
47 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
48 laid 82Rx2     
v.打赌( lay的过去式和过去分词 );提出;放置;铺
参考例句:
  • Whole stretches of land were laid waste and depopulated. 一片片土地荒芜,人口减少。
  • a laid-back attitude to life 悠然自得的生活态度
49 beef xQWyh     
n.牛肉;v.抱怨,诉苦
参考例句:
  • Please give me some beef.请给我一些牛肉。
  • Mum doesn't like beef.妈妈不喜欢吃牛肉。
50 pay NL6xI     
v.付钱;n.付钱;薪金
参考例句:
  • How much did you pay?你付了多少钱?
  • His pay is below the average.他的工资低于一般水平。
51 pork 3O6xW     
n.猪肉
参考例句:
  • I like pork and beef.我喜欢猪肉和牛肉。
  • I want to buy some pork.我想买些猪肉。

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