(单词翻译:单击)
句子的核心是谓语动词,谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件;弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件,要正确使用主谓一致,两个条件缺一不可,但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。
误区一 误认主语
1. 倒装句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语
2. 主语之后带有介词短语
①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health1. (×)
②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√)
【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。
特别提醒 类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except2 / but / together with / as3 well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。
3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。
4. 定语从句
①I like the photos which was4 taken in Beijing. (×)
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。
特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
误区二 被主语的表象迷惑
1. 看似复数却表单数概念
①Maths are my favourite subject. (×)
②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)
【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。
类似的有:physics , news6 , politics7 . . .
2. 看似单数却表复数概念
①The police8 is searching9 for the robbers10. (×)
②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)
【解析】 the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people , the + 形容词,the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。
3. 名词的单复数同形
①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)
②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√)
【解析】 sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few11 sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。
特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。
4. 集合名词
①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×)
②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)
【解析】 family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家人”,第②句正确。
特别提醒 类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。
误区三 误用语言规则
1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语
①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)
②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)
【解析】 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数,容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。
2. 由and连接的并列主语
①The twentieth12 lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,译为“第20课即最后一课”,因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”,如果表示两课,应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。
3. 就近原则
①Neither you nor15 he have been to Beijing. (×)
②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
【解析】 neither13 . . . nor连接的并列主语(you , he)虽然表示两个人,但根据语言规则,当它连接并列主语的时候,谓语动词根据就近原则,该由he决定,因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语,谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。
4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×)
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
【解析】 trousers作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等,这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定,而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
5. the rest of,half of等短语作主语
①Half of the students have finished16 most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)
②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可数名词,因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of,以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时,要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
6. 一句话提示
①合成不定代词(如something,anybody等)作主语,谓语动词用单数;
②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
③a number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用复数,the number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用单数;
④none of . . . 作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
金题精练
根据句意,从所给出的选项中选出最佳答案。
1. The news _____ very worth18 listening to.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?
—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are
3. The old _____ taken good care19 of in China now.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
4. Nobody20 except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone
5. —What’s on the plate?
—There _____ some rice on it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Five years _____ since21 we met last.
A. have passed B. has past
C. has passed D. have pasted
7. Here _____ some flowers for you.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. There __________ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.
A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is
9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking22
10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others23.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings24 in the kitchen.
A. is B. are C. has been D. can
13. One third of the population25 in our city ______ farmers in the past.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
14. The headmaster26 and the teacher ______ coming to us now.
A. are B. is C. will D. am
15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.
A. are B. is C. go D. goes
(Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D)
1 health | |
n.健康;健康状况 | |
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2 except | |
v.除,除外,反对;prep.除了...之外,若不是,除非 | |
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3 as | |
conj.按照;如同 | |
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4 was | |
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
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5 physics | |
n.物理学;物理过程 | |
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6 news | |
n.新闻,消息 | |
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7 politics | |
n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见,策略 | |
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8 police | |
n.警察,警察当局,治安,公安;vt.维持治安,警备,管辖 | |
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9 searching | |
adj.搜索的;彻底的;锐利的n.搜寻,搜索,检查v.找寻( search的现在分词 );搜查;探查;[医学](用仪器)探测(外伤) | |
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10 robbers | |
n.抢劫者,强盗,盗贼( robber的名词复数 );盗匪 | |
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11 few | |
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的 | |
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12 twentieth | |
n.二十分之一;num./adj.第二十 | |
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13 neither | |
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不 | |
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14 either | |
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也 | |
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15 nor | |
conj./adv.也不,也没有 | |
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16 finished | |
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词 | |
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17 none | |
adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西 | |
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18 worth | |
adj.值钱;值得,具有..价值;n.价值,作用 | |
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19 care | |
n.小心,照料,忧虑;v.关心,照顾,喜爱,介意 | |
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20 nobody | |
pron.无人,没有任何人 | |
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21 since | |
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从 | |
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22 thinking | |
n.思考,思想;adj.思考的,有理性的;vbl.想,思考 | |
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23 others | |
prep.(pl.)另外的人 | |
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24 dumplings | |
n.汤团( dumpling的名词复数 );饺子;水果布丁;矮胖的人 | |
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25 population | |
n.人口,人数 | |
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26 headmaster | |
n.(英)中小学校长 | |
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