走出“主谓一致”三大误区

时间:2007-07-30 02:31:44

(单词翻译:单击)

    句子的核心是谓语动词,谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件;弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件,要正确使用主谓一致,两个条件缺一不可,但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。
    误区一 误认主语
    1. 倒装句
    ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)
    ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
    【解析】  第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。
    特别提醒  倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语
    2. 主语之后带有介词短语
    ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health1. (×)
    ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√)
    【解析】  第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。
    特别提醒  类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except2 / but / together with / as3 well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。
    3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词
    ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)
    ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
    【解析】  one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。
    4. 定语从句
    ①I like the photos which was4 taken in Beijing. (×)
    ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
    【解析】  which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。
    特别提醒  定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
    误区二 被主语的表象迷惑
    1. 看似复数却表单数概念
    ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×)
    ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)
    【解析】  maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。
    类似的有:physics , news6 , politics7 . . .
    2. 看似单数却表复数概念
    ①The police8 is searching9 for the robbers10. (×)
    ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)
    【解析】  the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people , the + 形容词,the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。
    3. 名词的单复数同形
    ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)
    ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√)
    【解析】  sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few11 sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。
    特别提醒  类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。
    4. 集合名词
    ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×)
    ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)
    【解析】  family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家人”,第②句正确。
    特别提醒  类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。

    误区三 误用语言规则
    1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语
    ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)
    ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)
    【解析】  表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数,容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。
    2. 由and连接的并列主语
    ①The twentieth12 lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)
    ②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
    【解析】  the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,译为“第20课即最后一课”,因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”,如果表示两课,应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
    特别提醒  由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。
    3. 就近原则
    ①Neither you nor15 he have been to Beijing. (×)
    ②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
    【解析】  neither13 . . . nor连接的并列主语(you , he)虽然表示两个人,但根据语言规则,当它连接并列主语的时候,谓语动词根据就近原则,该由he决定,因此第②句正确。
    特别提醒  类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语,谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。
    4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语
    ①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×)
    ②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
    【解析】  trousers作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
    特别提醒  this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等,这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定,而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
    5. the rest of,half of等短语作主语
    ①Half of the students have finished16 most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)
    ②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
    【解析】  根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可数名词,因此第②句正确。
    特别提醒  all of, most of, half of, the rest of,以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时,要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
    6. 一句话提示
    ①合成不定代词(如something,anybody等)作主语,谓语动词用单数;
    ②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
    ③a number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用复数,the number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用单数;
    ④none of . . . 作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
金题精练
    根据句意,从所给出的选项中选出最佳答案。
    1. The news _____ very worth18 listening to.
    A. be    B. is    C. are    D. am
    2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?
—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
    A. Is, is    B. Are, is    C. Is, are    D. Are, are
    3. The old _____ taken good care19 of in China now.
    A. was      B. are     C. is     D. were
    4. Nobody20 except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
    A. have been              B. have gone
    C. has been               D. has gone
    5. —What’s on the plate?
—There _____ some rice on it.
    A. is     B. are     C. has     D. have
    6. Five years _____ since21 we met last.
    A. have passed          B. has past
    C. has passed           D. have pasted
    7. Here _____ some flowers for you.
    A. is     B. are     C. has      D. have
    8. There __________ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.
    A. are, are   B. are, is   C. is, are   D. is, is
    9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
    A. think   B. thank   C. thinks   D. are thinking22
    10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.
    A. be      B. are     C. is      D. am
    11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others23.
    A. is      B. are    C. being    D. was
    12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings24 in the kitchen.
    A. is      B. are     C. has been    D. can
    13. One third of the population25 in our city ______ farmers in the past.
    A. are     B. were      C. is      D. was
    14. The headmaster26 and the teacher ______ coming to us now.
    A. are      B. is       C. will      D. am
    15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.
    A. are       B. is      C. go      D. goes
    (Keys: 1. B  2. C  3. B  4. C  5. A  6. C  7. B  8. B  9. A  10. C  11. B  12. B  13. B  14. A  15. D)


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 health wdqxs     
n.健康;健康状况
参考例句:
  • Are you in good health?你的身体好吗?
  • I wish you good health and a long life.祝您健康长寿。
2 except Wn2xN     
v.除,除外,反对;prep.除了...之外,若不是,除非
参考例句:
  • Everybody is here except tom.除了汤姆大家都到了。
  • He never came except when he was in trouble. 除非有了困难,他从来不到这里来。
3 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
4 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
5 physics ElDzhX     
n.物理学;物理过程
参考例句:
  • He is working hard at physics.他在攻读物理学。
  • He's very interested in nuclear physics.他对核物理学非常感兴趣。
6 news OG1xE     
n.新闻,消息
参考例句:
  • No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
  • I like reading hot news.我喜欢读热点新闻。
7 politics gOyxG     
n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见,策略
参考例句:
  • They seldom talk on politics in those days.那时人们很少谈论政治。
  • The two brothers differed about politics.这兄弟俩政见不同。
8 police rOKxD     
n.警察,警察当局,治安,公安;vt.维持治安,警备,管辖
参考例句:
  • They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
  • It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
9 searching zjwzVE     
adj.搜索的;彻底的;锐利的n.搜寻,搜索,检查v.找寻( search的现在分词 );搜查;探查;[医学](用仪器)探测(外伤)
参考例句:
  • He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud. 他详查档案,寻找欺诈行为的证据。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Police with dogs are searching through the woods for the missing child. 警察带着警犬在树林里寻找那失踪的孩子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 robbers 8c8771e4d06892dfbdb0e25fa517d4c2     
n.抢劫者,强盗,盗贼( robber的名词复数 );盗匪
参考例句:
  • The robbers fled empty-handed. 抢劫犯一无所获地逃走了。
  • The policeman discharged his gun at the fleeing robbers. 警察向逃跑的强盗开了枪。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
12 twentieth qlWwt     
n.二十分之一;num./adj.第二十
参考例句:
  • Tomorrow is her twentieth birthday.明天是她二十岁生日。
  • He is the twentieth on the list.在名单上他是第二十个。
13 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
14 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
15 nor 0Hixj     
conj./adv.也不,也没有
参考例句:
  • It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
  • She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
16 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
17 none pHjxr     
adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西
参考例句:
  • Remember that none is perfect.记住没有任何人是完美的。
  • There's almost none left.几乎一个没剩。
18 worth lfGw0     
adj.值钱;值得,具有..价值;n.价值,作用
参考例句:
  • The book was old and it was not worth a cent.这本书旧了,一文不值。
  • This novel is worth reading. 这部小说值得一读。
19 care FTYyC     
n.小心,照料,忧虑;v.关心,照顾,喜爱,介意
参考例句:
  • I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
  • Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
20 nobody TGcxW     
pron.无人,没有任何人
参考例句:
  • Nobody is in the house.没有人在房子里。
  • Nobody knows where she lives.没有人知道她住哪里。
21 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
22 thinking ggzz2u     
n.思考,思想;adj.思考的,有理性的;vbl.想,思考
参考例句:
  • All thinking men will protest against it.凡是有思想的人都会抗议这件事。
  • Thinking is mainly performed with words and other symbols.思想主要是用言语和其他符号来表达的。
23 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
24 dumplings 155a0788c068cb4e6d2463bd6285a4a4     
n.汤团( dumpling的名词复数 );饺子;水果布丁;矮胖的人
参考例句:
  • chicken with herb dumplings 芳草鸡肉饺子
  • beef stew and dumplings 牛肉炖丸子
25 population YOyxU     
n.人口,人数
参考例句:
  • What is the population of london?伦敦的人口是多少?
  • China has a huge population.中国有众多的人口。
26 headmaster FdSxv     
n.(英)中小学校长
参考例句:
  • Mr.Jones became headmaster last year.琼斯先生去年当了校长。
  • The whole school like the headmaster.全校师生都喜欢这位校长.

©2005-2010英文阅读网