自考“英语（一）”笔记 五十四

6. …the look-at-me phone users¹ whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.

　　look-at-me是作者自造的复合形容词，意思是“看我多神气”。

　　as dangerous…as…形容词的同等比较，意思是“与……同样危险”。

　　这句话的意思是“如同吸烟有害我们的肺一样，'那些瞧我多神气’的移动电话使用者的无聊谈话有害我们的精神健康。”

　　英语学习中，经常会有不善区别现在分词做形容词和过去分词做形容词的用法和词意的情况，请看下列例句：

　　A. interested　　interesting

　　1. He is interested in that book.

　　2. The book is interesting

　　B. excited　　exciting

　　1. We were very excited on hearing the news.

　　2. The exciting news was soon spread all over the country.

　　C. bored　　boring

　　1. The audience was bored by the speaker's empty talk.

　　2.The boring lecture made my sleepy.

　　7. …they listen to their walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.

　　listen是一个不及物动词，后面必须加介词to才可以跟宾语，如：听音乐（listen to music），听收音机（listen to the radio），听天气预报（listen to the weather forecast）。请注意，不能丢掉介词to.

　　walkman指随身听。注意其复数形式是在后面加-s，而不是把man改成men.

　　8. Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.

　　have no idea of sth. 意思是“对……不理解”。have no idea后面接从句，常可省去of，如：

　　1）He had no idea what was likely to happen next. （他无法预料接下去会出现什么情况。）

　　2）I have no idea why she left.（我不知道她为什么离去。）

　　polite是形容词，前面必须用系动词，而在what从句中，做主语用的系动词be则要变成being.如：

　　Being honest means telling no lies. （诚实意味着不说谎话。）

　　句子中的who引导的是一个定语从句，修饰kids，而what则引导了一个同位语从句，对idea的内容加以解释。如：

　　1）I have no idea what will turn up.

　　2）I have no idea how soon they will arrive.

　　3）Word came that they had succeeded.

　　pay the price意思是“付出代价”。如：

　　They will pay the price for their ignorance². （他们将为自己的无知付出代价。）

　　sooner or later意思是“迟早”，如：

　　You will understand me sooner or later. （你迟早会理解我的。）

　　9. When they join the work force， their employers³ and associates alike⁴ will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized⁵ people.

　　associate在本句中做名词，意思是“同事”。

　　alike通常做形容词用，如：The two brothers are very much alike. （这两兄弟非常相象。）在本句子，alike作副词用，意思是“一样地”。

　　1）Teachers and students alike will have a 3-week holiday. （老师和学生一样将有为期三周的假期。）

　　2）The book is interesting and instructive alike. （这书既有趣，也有教益。）

　　句子中的第一个that引导的是一个宾语从句。第二个that则用来替代前面出现过的名词，本句中that替代前面的behavior，意思是“这些粗鲁的年轻人的行为更接近动物的行为。”

　　1）By 1990， production in the area is expected to double that of 1980.

　　2）The weather in Shanghai is milder than that of Beijing.

　　10. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.

　　Edge在本句中的意思是“优势”（advantage），如：

　　1）The edge was with our team. （优势在我们队这边。）

　　2）Since he obtained the edge， he was sure to win. （既然他取得了优势，他一定会赢。）

　　3）have an edge over sb. （胜过某人）

　　4）maintain a nuclear edge （保持核优势）

　　本课主要词组

　　1. think of　　　　　　　　　　 2. be impressed by

　　3. fall asleep　　　　 　　　　 4. a trip to

　　5. interact⁶ with　　　 　　　 　6. a majority of

　　7. show respect for　　　　　 　8. as well

　　9. be aware of　　　　　　　　  10. listen to

　　11. have no idea　　　　　　　  12. pay the price

　　13. sooner or later　　　　　 　14. be close to

　　15. because of　　　　　　　　  16. get ahead

　　17. give sb. an edge　　　　　  18. be based on

　　Text B   Why we walk in circles

　　短语表达

　　1.rather than

　　He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.

　　He was reading a book rather than watching TV.

　　2.somewhat⁷

　　He felt somewhat tired.

　　This book is somewhat difficult to understand.

　　3.instead of

　　Instead of pushing and crowding， he waited quietly for his turn.

　　He gave us a lot of trouble instead of help.

　　4.go astray

　　The letter had gone astray.

　　Make sure that no sheep go astray.

　　5.keep from

　　The poor child was kept from seeing his mother.

　　The bad weather kept us from getting there as scheduled.

　　6.cut off

　　Cut me off if I talk too much.

　　Gas supplies had now been cut off.

　　7.be worth

　　This book is worth reading.

　　This problem is worth following up.

　　8.reach one's goal

　　You have to work hard to reach your goal.

　　9. such as

　　Many stories such as these will prove instructive to the children.

　　10.intend to

　　He intended to give us an explanation， but he didn't.

　　I didn't intend to hurt you.

　　11.no more…than

　　He is no more a teacher than a writer.

　　We are no more satisfied than you are.

　　12.让步状语从句的倒装

　　Young as he is，he holds an important position in the company.

　　Smart as they are，they are always modest.

　　Child as he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　13.独立结构：with ＋名词＋过去分词

　　With many eyes fixed⁸ on her，she felt very nervous.

　　With all the work completed，we felt greatly relieved⁹.

　　With all his savings¹⁰ gone，he had to find a job now.