自考“英语(一)”笔记 五十五

时间:2007-09-14 01:50:36

(单词翻译:单击)

  Text A  How TV Violence Affects Kids

  本课主要单词

  1.violence  n. 暴力;强烈

  violent  adj. 暴力的;强烈的

  1)Preschool children suffer most from TV violence. (学龄前儿童受暴力电视节目的危害最深。)

  2)People in that country hated the king to the marrow1 as he ruled the country with violence.

  (那个国家的人民对国王恨之入骨,因为他用暴力进行统治。)

  3)He flung open the door with violence. (他用劲地猛然把门打开。)

  4)The violent blow sent him down on his knees. (那猛烈的一击使他跪倒在地。)

  5)The doctor told him not to do any violent exercise. ( 医生嘱咐他不要进行剧烈运动。)

  2.exposure  n. 暴露;揭露;曝光

  expose   v. 暴露;使曝光;使遭受;使处于…影响之下;展出

  1)Too much exposure to sunlight will burn your skin.(过度晒太阳会晒伤皮肤。)

  2)The exposure of corruption2 by the media caught the attention of the public.

  (传媒对腐败的揭露引起了公众的注意。)

  3)She concealed3 the secret from her parents, fearing the exposure would stun4 them.

  (她对父母隐瞒了这个秘密,担心秘密暴露会令父母震惊。)

  4)How many exposures have you made? (你拍了几张照片?)

  5)His shirt was open, exposing the tattoo5 on his chest. (他的衬衣敞开了,露出了刺在胸部的文身。)

  6)His fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office. (他长得肥胖,因此在办公室常受取笑。)

  7)He was exposed to music when he was a child. (他自幼受音乐薰陶。)

  8)Parents should expose their children to good books. (父母应让孩子们读好书。)

  9)He is going to expose all his collections at the auction6. (他打算拍卖时把收藏品全部陈列出来。)

  3.allocate  v. 分配;把…拨给;把…划归

  allocation  n. 分配;划拨的款项

  1)Some doctors and teachers will be allocated7 to the villagers to help the people there.

  (一些医生和教师将被派往那些村子帮助那儿的人们。)

  2)They were dissatisfied with the way resources were allocated.

  (他们对资源分配的方式不满意。)

  3)One third of the money has been allocated to the public services.

  (三分之一的经费已拨给了公用事业。)

  4)They said the allocation of seats was unfair.(他们说席位的分配不公平。)

  5)He has a $5000 allocation to cover the expenses.

  (他有一笔5000美元的拨款以应付各项支出。)

  4. significantly   adv. considerably8 (相当数量地);meaningfully (有意义地)

  significant    adj. important,meaningful (意义重大的)

  marked,considerable (不必忽略的;相当数量的)

  significance   n. consequence (意义;影响)    implication(含义)

  1)Their opinions don't differ significantly from each other. (他们俩的看法没有明显差别。)

  2)He said to us significantly that education of the youth would be vital to the future of a country. (他意味深长地对我们说年轻人的教育对于一个国家的未来至关重要。)

  3)July 4 is a significant date for Americans. (对美国人来说七月四日是一个意义重大的日子。)

  4)There has been a significant increase in juvenule crime in recent years.(近年来,青少年犯罪活动有了相当大的增加。)

  5)This is an event of great significance. (这是一个非常重大的事件。)

  6)It is necessary to attach great significance to environmental protection.(重视环境保护是必要的。)

  5.per   prep.  每一,每

  1)He earns $3000 per month.(他每月挣3000美元。)

  2)We drove at the speed of 70miles per hour.(我们以每小时70英里的速度行驶。)

  3)Take the medicine 3times per day.(这药每日服三次。)

  4)They spent more than 20million pounds per year.(他们每年花费两千万英镑。)

  6.given  prep. considering (考虑到)

  1)Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.

  (考虑到他们缺乏经验,这工作他们做得不错。)

  2)Given his age, the old man is in good condition.

  (考虑到老人的年龄,他的身体状况很不错了。)

  3)Given my interest in oil painting, this is the best place to study.

  (考虑到我对油画的兴趣,这是学习的最好地方。)

  4)It seems unreasonable9 to send him away, given that he is doing quite well.

  (考虑到他的工作干得很不错,把他解雇是不合理的。)

  7.adopt   v. take up (采取); accept (收养); officially pass (正式通过)

  1)I don't know if I should adopt a positive attitude towards the whole happening.

  (我不知道我是否应该对整个事件采取积极态度。)

  2)Their country adopted press censorship. (他们国家采取了新闻检查制度。)

  3)They adopted an orphan10 as they had no child of their own.

  (他们自己没孩子,所以收养了一个孤儿。)

  4)The boy was happy as anything when his parents decided11 to adopt a puppy.

  (当爸爸妈妈决定收养一条小狗时,那个男孩高兴极了。)

  5)Congress adopted the new measures. (国会通过了新措施。)

  6)The National Congress adopted the government report.

  (全国人大通过了政府工作报告。)

  请注意区别adopt和adapt

  adapt  vi. adjust (调节;改变…以适应)

  vt. revise(校准;调整;改编)

  1)He had to adapt himself to the new condition.(他不得不使自己适应新的情况。)

  2)Mr. Wang could not adapt himself to the new climate.

  (王先生不能适应新的气候。)

  3)He is adapting the novel for television.(他正把那部小说改编为电视剧。)

  8.distinguish   v. separate (区别,辨别);  identify (认出)

  1)You have to distinguish facts from rumours12 if you want to form a correct opinion.

  (如果想有一个正确的观点,你得分辨事实和传闻。)

  2)He was distinguished13 from other boys by his height.

  (他的身高显出他与其它男孩的不同。)

  3)Some children were unable to distinguish between the letters b and  p.

  (有些孩子不能分辨字母b和p.)

  9.fantasy   n. 想像;幻想

  1)He is always having fantasies about becoming rich.(他总是抱着发财的幻想。)

  2)To a small child, fantasy and reality are very close to each other .(对幼儿来说,幻想和现实靠得很近。)

  请注意区别fancy,fantasy,imagination

  fancy和fantasy多指无事实依据的凭空想像。Fancy的内容多是虚构的,幻想的;fantasy的内容更是荒诞古怪的。

  Imagination的想像多依据所见所闻或现实内容一般是合理的。

  1)She went wherever the fancy took her. (她随兴致所至想去哪里就去哪里。)

  2)These fantasies are sometimes very dangerous to school children. (对学龄儿童来说这些古怪念头是很危险的。)

  3)Poets, artists and inventors need imagination. (诗人,艺术家和发明家都需要想像力。)

  10.underlying14   adj. 在下面的;根本的;潜在的

  1)There are underlying similarities between all human beings.

  (人与人之间有着潜在的相似之处。)

  2)The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. (这本小说的潜在主题是极其严肃的。)

  3)Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said? (你能理解他所说的话的含义吗?)

  4)The underlying structure of this building is no doubt very firm. (这座楼的底层结构无疑是牢固的。)

  11.motive15 n. reason, purpose (动机,目的)

  1)Greed was his only motive for receiving bribery16. (贪婪是他受贿的唯一原因。)

  2)His motive in coming was a wish to achieve mutual17 understanding. (他来的动机是想达成相互理解。)

  3)The little boy opened his sister's mail through motives18 of curiosity. (那个小男孩出于好奇打开了姐姐的邮件。)

  4)You should question his motive before you approve his conduct. (在你赞同他的所作所为之前应该先质询他的动机。)

  12.subtlety19 n. delicacy;sensitivity 微妙之处,细微之处;敏锐

  subtle adj. 隐约的;微妙的

  1)Nobody noticed the subtlety of his remarks. (没有人听出他话中的微妙含义。)

  2)They can sense each other's intentions with great subtlety. (他们能敏锐地感觉到彼此的意图。)

  3)It is difficult for people from other cultures to master the subtleties20 of the American joke.

  (对于来自其他文化的人来说掌握美国笑话的微妙之处是困难的。)

  4)His whole attitude has undergone a subtle change. (他的整个态度已经有了微妙的变化。)

  5)He dwelt on the subtle distinction between the two words.

  (他详述两个词词义的细微差别。)

  13.moral adj. 有道德的      n. 道德;寓意

  1)He complained that he had witnessed a fall in moral standards.

  (他抱怨说他目睹了道德标准的衰落。)

  2)Parents are responsible for the children's moral welfare.

  (父母应对孩子道德上的健康成长负责。)

  3)The moral of the story was “A friend in need is a friend indeed ”。

  (这个故事的教益是“患难之交见真情。”)

  4)I don't know what moral to draw from all this. (我不知道从所有这一切中应得出何种教训。)

  5)He has no morals and will do anything for money. (他毫无道德,为了钱什么都干得出来。)

  14.recovery n. 康复;收回

  recover v. 恢复;收复;挽回

  1)He is recovered from his illness. (他已恢复了健康。)

  2)She recovered her strength after two days'rest. (经过两天的休息,她恢复了力气。)

  3)The police recovered the stolen watch. (警察追回了失窃的手表。)

  4)He said he had to work hard to recover the lost time. (他说他得努力工作,把失去的时间补回来。)

  5)Mr. Wang insisted that the economic recovery was still slow. (王先生坚持认为经济复苏还太缓慢。)

  6)She made a remarkable21 recovery from the illness. (她令人惊异地从那场疾病中康复了。)

  7)The recovery of the lost wallet thrilled the whole family. (失落钱包的复得使全家人兴奋不已。)


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 marrow M2myE     
n.骨髓;精华;活力
参考例句:
  • It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了,他感到寒冷刺骨。
  • He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。
2 corruption TzCxn     
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
参考例句:
  • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
  • The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
3 concealed 0v3zxG     
a.隐藏的,隐蔽的
参考例句:
  • The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。
  • I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。
4 stun FhMyT     
vt.打昏,使昏迷,使震惊,使惊叹
参考例句:
  • When they told me she had gone missing I was totally stunned.他们告诉我她不见了时,我当时完全惊呆了。
  • Sam stood his ground and got a blow that stunned him.萨姆站在原地,被一下打昏了。
5 tattoo LIDzk     
n.纹身,(皮肤上的)刺花纹;vt.刺花纹于
参考例句:
  • I've decided to get my tattoo removed.我已经决定去掉我身上的纹身。
  • He had a tattoo on the back of his hand.他手背上刺有花纹。
6 auction 3uVzy     
n.拍卖;拍卖会;vt.拍卖
参考例句:
  • They've put the contents of their house up for auction.他们把房子里的东西全都拿去拍卖了。
  • They bought a new minibus with the proceeds from the auction.他们用拍卖得来的钱买了一辆新面包车。
7 allocated 01868918c8cec5bc8773e98ae11a0f54     
adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。
  • More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。
8 considerably 0YWyQ     
adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上
参考例句:
  • The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
  • The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。
9 unreasonable tjLwm     
adj.不讲道理的,不合情理的,过度的
参考例句:
  • I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
  • They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。
10 orphan QJExg     
n.孤儿;adj.无父母的
参考例句:
  • He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine.他把一个孤儿养大,并且把自己的医术传给了他。
  • The orphan had been reared in a convent by some good sisters.这个孤儿在一所修道院里被几个好心的修女带大。
11 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
12 rumours ba6e2decd2e28dec9a80f28cb99e131d     
n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 );风闻;谣言;谣传
参考例句:
  • The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
  • Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
13 distinguished wu9z3v     
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的
参考例句:
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。
14 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
15 motive GFzxz     
n.动机,目的;adv.发动的,运动的
参考例句:
  • The police could not find a motive for the murder.警察不能找到谋杀的动机。
  • He had some motive in telling this fable.他讲这寓言故事是有用意的。
16 bribery Lxdz7Z     
n.贿络行为,行贿,受贿
参考例句:
  • FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
  • He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。
17 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
18 motives 6c25d038886898b20441190abe240957     
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
  • His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。
19 subtlety Rsswm     
n.微妙,敏锐,精巧;微妙之处,细微的区别
参考例句:
  • He has shown enormous strength,great intelligence and great subtlety.他表现出充沛的精力、极大的智慧和高度的灵活性。
  • The subtlety of his remarks was unnoticed by most of his audience.大多数听众都没有觉察到他讲话的微妙之处。
20 subtleties 7ed633566637e94fa02b8a1fad408072     
细微( subtlety的名词复数 ); 精细; 巧妙; 细微的差别等
参考例句:
  • I think the translator missed some of the subtleties of the original. 我认为译者漏掉了原著中一些微妙之处。
  • They are uneducated in the financial subtleties of credit transfer. 他们缺乏有关信用转让在金融方面微妙作用的知识。
21 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

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