自考“英语（一）”笔记 六十三

5.A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.

　　请注意本句中seize这个动词的词意及用法。

　　1）抓住；抓住（时机等），利用

　　The police seized him by the collar.（警察抓住了他的衣领。）

　　Seizing the bowl， he ran off through the door.（他抓起碗冲出门去。）

　　He seized the chance to study abroad.（他抓住了那次去国外学习的机会。）

　　2）逮捕

　　He was seized outside the city.（他在市郊被捕获。）

　　The escaped prisoner was seized on Sunday.（逃犯于周日被抓获。）

　　3）（常用被动语态）（疾病）侵袭；（情绪）支配

　　The old man was seized by a stroke.（那位老人中风了。）

　　She was seized with jealousy¹.（她妒火中烧。）

　　Panic seized the people in the cave.（洞里的人们惊慌失措。）

　　“seize”也可用不及物动词，如：

　　1）He would seize on （upon） any excuse to justify² himself.（他会利用一切借口为自己辩解。）

　　2）He was determined³ to seize on （upon） the opportunity to leave his employer a good impression.（他决心抓住这个机会给他的雇主留下好印象。）

　　6.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks.

　　本句中的as to 意思是about（关于），如：

　　1）John has been given no directions as to what to write. （没人对约翰说明该写什么。）

　　2）I have no doubt as to his honesty.（对他的诚实，我毫无疑问。）

　　3）I was asked my opinion as to why he refused our help.（对他为什么拒绝我们的帮助，我被要求发现见解。）

　　7.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.

　　It + be + -ed 分词 +that从句……that引导的是一个主语从句， it 做形式主语放在句首。如：

　　1）It is often stated that Shakespeare was born on April 23， 1564.（人们常说莎士比亚生于1564年4月23日。）

　　2）It is believed that he has told the truth.（人们相信他说了实话。）

　　3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.（众所周知，光以直线运行。）

　　rather than在本句中的意思是“不是……而是……”，如：

　　1）He lay rather than sat in his armchair.（他躺在扶手椅里而不是坐在里面。）

　　2）The freckles⁴ over her face were an added attraction rather than otherwise.（她脸上的雀斑不但无损容貌反而令她更动人。）

　　8.Dr. Crocker's advice to any person who thinks he is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first.

　　to在本句中用作介词，advice to sb. 意为“给某人的劝告”，如：

　　1）My advice to you is that you should be more polite to other people.（我对你的劝告是你应该对别人更礼貌一些。）

　　2）The teacher's advice to me was to study harder.（老师劝我学习更努力。）

　　consult在本句中的意思是“请教，咨询”，如：

　　1）He consulted the doctor about his illness.（他找那位医生看病。）

　　2）Your baby is losing weight， you should consult your doctor promptly⁵.（你的孩子体重在下降，你应该立即去向医生咨询。）

　　rule out的意思是“排除”，如：

　　1）Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.（警方排除他杀的可能，但仍留了一些人审问。

　　2）He ruled out the possibility that he could fight again.（他排除了再度出战的可能性。）

　　本课主要词组

　　1. be accompanied by

　　2. shortness of

　　3. rush sb. to （a place）

　　4. be caused by

　　5. suffer from

　　6. bear similarity to

　　7. most of all

　　8. be seized by

　　9. as to

　　10. rather than

　　11. be isolated⁶ from

　　12. rule out

　　13. at least

　　14. as yet

　　15. be likely to

　　16. all the same

　　Text B  Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy？

　　短语表达

　　1.  search for

　　All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.

　　The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.

　　2.  in the middle

　　Don't disturb him， he is in the middle of a meeting.

　　He is standing⁷ in the middle of the room enraged⁸.

　　3.  border on

　　The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.

　　China borders on Mongolia in the north.

　　4.  put…on record

　　Students' performance at school is usually put on record.

　　The criminal cases are all put on record.

　　5.  wake up

　　He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.

　　The noise outside woke him up.

　　6.  take measures

　　Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.

　　They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.

　　7.  outgrow⁹

　　The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.

　　I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.