中考英语:如何走出“主谓一致”的三大误区(1)

时间:2007-09-24 08:14:49

(单词翻译:单击)

  ⊙ 重庆市巴川中学 潘云芬

  句子的核心是谓语动词,谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件;弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件,要正确使用主谓一致,两个条件缺一不可,但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。

  误区一 误认主语

  1. 倒装句

  ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)

  ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)

  【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。

  特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语

  2. 主语之后带有介词短语

  ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health1. (×)

  ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√)

  【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。

  特别提醒 类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except2 / but / together with / as3 well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。

  3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词

  ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)

  ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)

  【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。

  4. 定语从句

  ①I like the photos which was4 taken in Beijing. (×)

  ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)

  【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。

  特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

  误区二 被主语的表象迷惑

  1. 看似复数却表单数概念

  ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×)

  ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)

  【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。

  类似的有:physics , news6 , politics7 . . .

  2. 看似单数却表复数概念

  ①The police8 is searching9 for the robbers10. (×)

  ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)

  【解析】 the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people , the + 形容词,the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。

  3. 名词的单复数同形

  ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)

  ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√)

  【解析】 sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few11 sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。

  特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。

  4. 集合名词

  ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×)

  ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)

  【解析】 family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家人”,第②句正确。

  特别提醒 类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。

 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 health wdqxs     
n.健康;健康状况
参考例句:
  • Are you in good health?你的身体好吗?
  • I wish you good health and a long life.祝您健康长寿。
2 except Wn2xN     
v.除,除外,反对;prep.除了...之外,若不是,除非
参考例句:
  • Everybody is here except tom.除了汤姆大家都到了。
  • He never came except when he was in trouble. 除非有了困难,他从来不到这里来。
3 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
4 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
5 physics ElDzhX     
n.物理学;物理过程
参考例句:
  • He is working hard at physics.他在攻读物理学。
  • He's very interested in nuclear physics.他对核物理学非常感兴趣。
6 news OG1xE     
n.新闻,消息
参考例句:
  • No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
  • I like reading hot news.我喜欢读热点新闻。
7 politics gOyxG     
n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见,策略
参考例句:
  • They seldom talk on politics in those days.那时人们很少谈论政治。
  • The two brothers differed about politics.这兄弟俩政见不同。
8 police rOKxD     
n.警察,警察当局,治安,公安;vt.维持治安,警备,管辖
参考例句:
  • They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
  • It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
9 searching zjwzVE     
adj.搜索的;彻底的;锐利的n.搜寻,搜索,检查v.找寻( search的现在分词 );搜查;探查;[医学](用仪器)探测(外伤)
参考例句:
  • He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud. 他详查档案,寻找欺诈行为的证据。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Police with dogs are searching through the woods for the missing child. 警察带着警犬在树林里寻找那失踪的孩子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 robbers 8c8771e4d06892dfbdb0e25fa517d4c2     
n.抢劫者,强盗,盗贼( robber的名词复数 );盗匪
参考例句:
  • The robbers fled empty-handed. 抢劫犯一无所获地逃走了。
  • The policeman discharged his gun at the fleeing robbers. 警察向逃跑的强盗开了枪。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。

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