走出“主谓一致”三大误区(3)
时间:2007-09-24 08:19:46
(单词翻译:单击)
误区三 误用语言规则 1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语 ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×) ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√) 【解析】 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数,容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。 2. 由and连接的并列主语 ①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×) ②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√) 【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,译为“第20课即最后一课”,因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”,如果表示两课,应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。 特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。 3. 就近原则 ①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×) ②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√) 【解析】 neither . . . nor连接的并列主语(you , he)虽然表示两个人,但根据语言规则,当它连接并列主语的时候,谓语动词根据就近原则,该由he决定,因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语,谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。 4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语 ①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×) ②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√) 【解析】 trousers作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等,这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定,而与它们所修饰的名词无关。 5. the rest of,half of等短语作主语 ①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×) ②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√) 【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可数名词,因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of,以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时,要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 6. 一句话提示 ①合成不定代词(如something,anybody等)作主语,谓语动词用单数; ②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数; ③a number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用复数,the number of + 名词(复)作主语,谓语用单数; ④none of . . . 作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
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