July:Kyoto Gion Festival（日本京都祗园祭）

The ancient capital of Japan, Kyoto （京都） is taken back in time during the Gion festival （祗园祭） by Yasaka shrine¹ (八阪神社, gion was the old name of this shrine.) Gion festival is one of the biggest festivals in Japan.

This Japanese festival begins July 1st and lasts until July 31st. At this time, there are many street vendors² with games and Japanese festival food. Also, many people who go to this festival wear yukata (浴衣) and geta （木屐）, which are traditional Japanese outfits³. It is said that the summer of Kyoto begins with the Gion Matsuri （祗园祭）. It is a traditional summer festivity.

Gion festival was started in 869 A.D when a bad plague （瘟疫） spread through Kyoto. In the first festival, young men carried numbers of wooden floats. It was a divine intervention⁴ to stop the plague. The plague soon ended, and this event became a popular festival. In the Edo Era （江户时代）, the current form of the decorated floats appeared in the festival.

There are many events held during this festival, but the highlights are Yoi-yama （宵山祭） on the 16th and Yamahoko-junko （山牟巡行） on the 17th. At Yoi-yama, people open the doors of their houses to show their treasured old folding screens. Yamahoko-junko is the parade of colorful floats （彩车） through downtown Kyoto. The floats are pulled through the streets by teams of men dressed in traditional costumes. Each of the large floats carries musicians.

There are two kinds of floats: yama （山） and hook （牟）. Yama are smaller floats (weight: 1.2 ton - 1.6 ton, height: about 6m) and carried by people on their shoulders. Hoko are giant floats (weight: 4.8 ton - 12 ton, height: about 25m) on large wooden wheels and pulled by people. There are 32 floats in the parade: 25 yama floats and 7 hoko floats.

The floats are decorated with tapestries⁵ or fabrics⁶ from Nishijin （西阵）, Kyoto. Many of them were imported from India, Belgium, Persia, Turkey and other countries in the 15th century.