2003年9月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
时间：2006-09-07 08:47:17
（单词翻译:单击）
Part Ⅰ??? Listening Comprehension?? (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
??????? B) 3 hours.
??????? C) 4 hours.
??????? D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D]on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled.
?B) The lecture wasn’t as successful as expected.
?C) The woman doesn't want to attend the lecture.
?D) The woman may attend next Monday’s lecture.
2. A) The woman has a very tight budget.
?B) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.
?C) He's willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.
?D) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending.
3. A) Clean the kitchen.
?B) Ask someone to fix the sink.
?C) Find a bigger apartment for the lady.
?D) Check the work done by the maintenance man.
4. A) The lens.?????C) The flash.
?B) The price.???? D) The leather case.
5. A) She needs another haircut soon.
?B) She thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s
?C) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
?D) She would like to make an appointment for the man.
6. A) The woman doesn't want Io cook a meal.
?B) The woman wants to have a picnic.
?C) The woman has a poor memory.
?D) The woman likes Mexican food.
7. A) Everyone enjoyed himself at John's panics.
?B) The woman didn't enjoy John's parties at all.
?C) It will be the first time for the man to attend John's party.
?D) The woman is glad to be invited to John’s house-warming party.
8. A) She lacks confidence in herself.
?B) She is not interested in computer programming.
?C) She has never signed up for any competition before.
?D) She is sure to win the programming contest.
9. A) The man has an enormous amount of work to do.
?B) The man has made plans for his vacation.
?C) The man’ll take work with him on his vacation.
?D) Work stacked up during the man’s last vacation.
10. A) She likes the job of feeding fish.
? B) She finds her new job interesting.
? C) She feels unfit for her new job.
? D) She's not in good health.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Rally support for their movement.
? B) Liberate1 women from tedious housework.
? C) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities.
? D) Express their anger against sex discrimination.
12. A) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people.
? B) It is a popular form of art.
? C) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings.
? D) It is popular among rock stars.
13. A) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence.
? B) To show that Londoners have a special liking2 for graffiti.
? C) To show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime.
? D) To show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are bawd on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) The Asian elephant is easier to tame.
? B) The Asian elephant's skin is more valuable.
? C) The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists.
? D) The Asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality.
15. A) From the captured or tamed elephants.
? B) From the British wildlife protection group.
? C) From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma.
? D) From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border.
16. A) Their taming for circuses and zoos.
? B) The destruction of their natural homes.
? C) Man's lack of knowledge about their behavior.
? D) The greater vulnerability to extinction3 than other species.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
? B) They had been suffering from political and religious oppression.
? C) They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern Europe.
? D) They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own businesses.
18. A) They might lose control of their members because of the increase in immigration.
? B) Their members might find it difficult to get along with the newcomers.
? C) The working condition of their members might deteriorate4.
? D) Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers.
19. A) To impose restrictions5 on further immigration.
? B) To improve the working conditions of immigrants.
? C) To set a minimum wage level for new immigrants.
? D) To put requirements on languages for newcomers.
20. A) They were looked down upon by European immigrants.
? B) They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities.
? C) They worked very hard to earn a decent living.
? D) They strongly opposed continued immigration.
Part Ⅱ??Reading Comprehension?? (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
?? In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly6 resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet7 Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.
?? These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.
?? The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation8. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets9 had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
?? Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic10, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty11 that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.
?? Harvard Business School professor George Lodge12 calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal13 (封建的) way of purging14 (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading15 responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion16 (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile17 company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations18 would probably take on a very different character.
21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
A) In Japan, the leakage19 of a slate20 secret to Russians is a grave came.
B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.
D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.
A) apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes
B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers
C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
D) create a strong sense of company loyalty
23. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate21 leaders?
A) Sympathetic????? C) Critical
B) Biased22.??????? D) Approving.
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.
C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.
D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.
25. The passage is mainly about ________.
A) resignation as an effective way of dealing23 with business crises
B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees
C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
D) the difference between two business cultures
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
?? As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.
?? Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains24 so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.
?? Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley25 bus (电车). But that required fixed26 overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible27, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.
?? However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated28, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
?? He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly29, because people want it to.
26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.
A) poor people can’t afford it
B) it is too expensive to maintain
C) too many people are using it
D) it causes too many road accidents
27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.
A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse
B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor
C) it caused less pollution than horses
D) it brightened up the gloomy streets
28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?
A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.
B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban30 areas.
C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.
D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.
29. Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.
A) the once booming car market has become saturated
B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious
C) expensive motorways31 are not available in less developed countries
D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources
30. What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?
A) The use of automobiles32 has kept increasing worldwide.
B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.
C) The population of America has not increased as fast.
D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
?? Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating33 (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation34. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
???Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological35 responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal36 cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
?? Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating37 stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated38 two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to cmotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
?? At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome39 and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants40.
?? At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis41 of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people
D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?
A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B) The embarrassment42 and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “________”.
A) having no effect at all
B) leading to tension
C) producing disastrous43 impact
D) harmful to health
34. What does the author say about crying?
A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.
C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.
D) It usually produces the desired effect.
35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.
B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.
D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
??It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished44 by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate45 for the stress that you have applied46. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
??If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate47 rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative48 exhaustion49 that persists even after recovery periods.
The most common symptom is fatigue50. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody51, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed52, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent53 muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.
??The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur54. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying55 illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
36. The first paragraph of the passage tells us that ________.
A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be
B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete’s performance
C) strict systematic56 training is essential to an athlete’s top performance
D) improvement of an athlete’s performance occurs in the course of training
37. By “overtraining” the author means ________.
A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training
B) undue57 emphasis on the importance of physical exertion58
C) training that is not adequately compensated59 for by rest
D) training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits
38. What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?
A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports.
B) It appears right after a hard training session.
C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training process.
C) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.
39. What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7, Para,4)most probably mean?
A) Slow down.
B) Become dull.
C) Stop improving.
D) Be on the decline.
40. The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.
A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness
B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs
C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy60 rest
D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome
Part Ⅲ??? Vocabulary???????(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. These were stubborn men. not easily ________to change their mind.
A) tilted61??????????????C) persuaded
B) converted???????????? D) suppressed
42. The circus has always been very, popular because it ________both the old and the young.
A) facilitates??????????? C) immerses
B) fascinates??????????? D) indulges
43. By patient questioning the lawyer managed to ________enough information from the witnesses.
A) evacuate62????????????C) impart
B) withdraw????????????D) elicit63
44. George enjoys talking about people's private affairs. He is a ________.
A) solicitor64???????????? C) gossip
B) coward?????????????D) rebel
45. The new secretary has written a remarkably65 ________report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.
A) concise66?????????????C) precise
B) brisk??????????????D) elaborate
46. His face ________as he came in after running all the way from school.
A) flared67????????????? C) fluttered
B) fluctuated????????????D) flushed
47. Steel is not as ________ as cast iron; it does not break as easily.
A) elastic68?????????????C) adaptable69
B) brittle70????????????? D) flexible
48. A big problem in lemming English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________interaction with proficient71 speakers of English.
A) instantaneous??????????C) verbal
B) provocative72???????????D) dual73
49. Within ten years they have tamed the ________hill into green woods.
A) vacant????????????? C) weird74
B) barren????????????? D) wasteful75
50. The ________of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace.
A) summit????????????? C) peak
B) height??????????????D) highlight
51. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n) ________.
A) alien????????????? C) counterpart
B) client.?????????????D) fraud
52. We don't ________any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.
A) foresee????????????? C) infer
B) fabricate?????????????D) inhibit76
53. He is looking for a job that will give him greater ________for career development.
A) insight???????????? C) momentum77
B) scope?????????????D) phase
54. The high school my daughter studies in is ________our university.
A) linked by????????????C) mingled78 with
B) relevant to??????????? D) affiliated79 with
55. The Browns lived in a ________and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.
A) spacious80???????????? C) wide
B) sufficient????????????D) wretched
56. A membership card ________the holder81 to use the club's facilities for a period of twelve months.
A) approves???????????? C) rectifies82
B) authorizes83???????????? D) endows
57. They have done away with ________Latin for university entrance at Harvard.
A) influential84????????????C) compulsory85
B) indispensable???????????D) essential
58. It is no ________that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.
A) coincidence??????????? C) inspiration
B) correspondence??????????D) intuition
59. One's university days often appear happier in ________than they actually were at the time.
A) retention86???????????? C) return
B) retrospect87????????????D) revere88
60. She ________through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them.
A) tumbled????????????C) switched
B) tossed?????????????D) flipped89
61. Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ________more energy from the earth.
A) extract?????????????C) discharge
B) inject????????????? D) drain
62. The Chinese Red Cross ________a generous sum to the relief of the victims of the earthquake in Turkey.
A) administered?????????? C) assessed
B) elevated???????????? D) contributed
63. The first sentence in this paragraph is ________; it can be interpreted in many ways.
A) intricate????????????C) duplicated
B) ambiguous???????????D) confused
64. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________with each other.
A) reconciled???????????C) associated
B) negotiated???????????D) accommodated
65. The local business was not much ________by the sudden outbreak of the epidemic90.
A) intervened???????????C) hampered91
B) insulated????????????D) hoisted92
66. The most important ________for assessment93 in this contest is originality94 of design.
A) threshold???????????? C) warrant
B) partition?????????????D) criterion
67. The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins. but her doctor ________her that it is absolutely harmless.
A) retrieved95?????????????C) reassured96
B) released????????????? D) revived
68. We can't help being ________of Bob who bought a luxurious97 sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
A) skeptical98?????????????C) suspicious
B) appreciative99????????????D) tolerant
69. He greatly resented the publication of this book. which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his ________.
A) privacy????????????? C) dignity
B) morality????????????? D) secrecy100
70. In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the ________to reach into his bag for his camera.
A) impatience101????????????C) incentive102
B) impulse????????????? D) initiative
Part Ⅳ????Error Correction??????(15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mis takes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word o delete a word, Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided, If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash103 (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1.time/times/perild
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2.____/____
school subject are valid104 for^study of television. 3._? _the_____
?? "Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an
essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality
of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet. the ?????? S1.________
cherished ideal of home has great importance for many
people.
?? This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This
dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century
European settlers of the American West, was in find
a piece of place, build a house for one's family, and ?????? S2.________
started a farm. These small households were portraits of ??S3.________
independence: the entire family -- mother, father, children.
even grandparents -- live in a small house and working ??S4.________
together to support each other. Anyone understood the life ? S5.________
and death importance of family cooperation and hard work.
Although most people in the United States no longer
live on farms, but ~he ideal of home ownership is just as ? S6.________
strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II. for ??????S7.________
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting
families. But there was a tremendous boom in home ??????S8.________
building. The new houses, typically it the suburbs, were
often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied ? S9.________
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family
house the basis of their way of life. ?????????? S10.________
Part V??? Writing? (30 minutes)
?? 图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量（pop fiction, general nonfiction, science, art等），给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。
参考答案
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
1----5 DDBBC
6----10 ABAAC
11---15 DBCAA
16---20 BADAC
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
21---25 CACBD
26---30 BCBDA
31---35 ACDBA
36---40 BCDCD
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41---45 CBDCD
46---50 DBCBA
51---55 DABDA
56---60 BCABD
61---65 ADBAC
66---70 DCCAB
Part IV Error Correction
1. no -------- not
2. place -------- land
3. started -------- start
4. working -------- work
5. anyone -------- everyone
6. but ---------- (去掉)
7. before -------- after
8. But ----------- And
9. it ------------- they
10. 在house后增加as
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
??????? B) 3 hours.
??????? C) 4 hours.
??????? D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D]on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled.
?B) The lecture wasn’t as successful as expected.
?C) The woman doesn't want to attend the lecture.
?D) The woman may attend next Monday’s lecture.
2. A) The woman has a very tight budget.
?B) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.
?C) He's willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.
?D) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending.
3. A) Clean the kitchen.
?B) Ask someone to fix the sink.
?C) Find a bigger apartment for the lady.
?D) Check the work done by the maintenance man.
4. A) The lens.?????C) The flash.
?B) The price.???? D) The leather case.
5. A) She needs another haircut soon.
?B) She thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s
?C) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
?D) She would like to make an appointment for the man.
6. A) The woman doesn't want Io cook a meal.
?B) The woman wants to have a picnic.
?C) The woman has a poor memory.
?D) The woman likes Mexican food.
7. A) Everyone enjoyed himself at John's panics.
?B) The woman didn't enjoy John's parties at all.
?C) It will be the first time for the man to attend John's party.
?D) The woman is glad to be invited to John’s house-warming party.
8. A) She lacks confidence in herself.
?B) She is not interested in computer programming.
?C) She has never signed up for any competition before.
?D) She is sure to win the programming contest.
9. A) The man has an enormous amount of work to do.
?B) The man has made plans for his vacation.
?C) The man’ll take work with him on his vacation.
?D) Work stacked up during the man’s last vacation.
10. A) She likes the job of feeding fish.
? B) She finds her new job interesting.
? C) She feels unfit for her new job.
? D) She's not in good health.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Rally support for their movement.
? B) Liberate1 women from tedious housework.
? C) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities.
? D) Express their anger against sex discrimination.
12. A) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people.
? B) It is a popular form of art.
? C) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings.
? D) It is popular among rock stars.
13. A) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence.
? B) To show that Londoners have a special liking2 for graffiti.
? C) To show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime.
? D) To show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are bawd on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) The Asian elephant is easier to tame.
? B) The Asian elephant's skin is more valuable.
? C) The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists.
? D) The Asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality.
15. A) From the captured or tamed elephants.
? B) From the British wildlife protection group.
? C) From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma.
? D) From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border.
16. A) Their taming for circuses and zoos.
? B) The destruction of their natural homes.
? C) Man's lack of knowledge about their behavior.
? D) The greater vulnerability to extinction3 than other species.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
? B) They had been suffering from political and religious oppression.
? C) They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern Europe.
? D) They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own businesses.
18. A) They might lose control of their members because of the increase in immigration.
? B) Their members might find it difficult to get along with the newcomers.
? C) The working condition of their members might deteriorate4.
? D) Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers.
19. A) To impose restrictions5 on further immigration.
? B) To improve the working conditions of immigrants.
? C) To set a minimum wage level for new immigrants.
? D) To put requirements on languages for newcomers.
20. A) They were looked down upon by European immigrants.
? B) They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities.
? C) They worked very hard to earn a decent living.
? D) They strongly opposed continued immigration.
Part Ⅱ??Reading Comprehension?? (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
?? In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly6 resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet7 Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.
?? These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.
?? The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation8. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets9 had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
?? Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic10, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty11 that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.
?? Harvard Business School professor George Lodge12 calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal13 (封建的) way of purging14 (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading15 responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion16 (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile17 company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations18 would probably take on a very different character.
21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
A) In Japan, the leakage19 of a slate20 secret to Russians is a grave came.
B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.
D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.
A) apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes
B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers
C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
D) create a strong sense of company loyalty
23. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate21 leaders?
A) Sympathetic????? C) Critical
B) Biased22.??????? D) Approving.
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.
C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.
D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.
25. The passage is mainly about ________.
A) resignation as an effective way of dealing23 with business crises
B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees
C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
D) the difference between two business cultures
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
?? As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.
?? Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains24 so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.
?? Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley25 bus (电车). But that required fixed26 overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible27, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.
?? However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated28, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
?? He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly29, because people want it to.
26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.
A) poor people can’t afford it
B) it is too expensive to maintain
C) too many people are using it
D) it causes too many road accidents
27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.
A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse
B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor
C) it caused less pollution than horses
D) it brightened up the gloomy streets
28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?
A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.
B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban30 areas.
C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.
D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.
29. Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.
A) the once booming car market has become saturated
B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious
C) expensive motorways31 are not available in less developed countries
D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources
30. What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?
A) The use of automobiles32 has kept increasing worldwide.
B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.
C) The population of America has not increased as fast.
D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
?? Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating33 (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation34. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
???Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological35 responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal36 cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
?? Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating37 stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated38 two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to cmotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
?? At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome39 and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants40.
?? At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis41 of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people
D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?
A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B) The embarrassment42 and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “________”.
A) having no effect at all
B) leading to tension
C) producing disastrous43 impact
D) harmful to health
34. What does the author say about crying?
A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.
C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.
D) It usually produces the desired effect.
35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.
B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.
D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
??It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished44 by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate45 for the stress that you have applied46. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
??If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate47 rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative48 exhaustion49 that persists even after recovery periods.
The most common symptom is fatigue50. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody51, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed52, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent53 muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.
??The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur54. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying55 illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
36. The first paragraph of the passage tells us that ________.
A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be
B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete’s performance
C) strict systematic56 training is essential to an athlete’s top performance
D) improvement of an athlete’s performance occurs in the course of training
37. By “overtraining” the author means ________.
A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training
B) undue57 emphasis on the importance of physical exertion58
C) training that is not adequately compensated59 for by rest
D) training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits
38. What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?
A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports.
B) It appears right after a hard training session.
C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training process.
C) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.
39. What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7, Para,4)most probably mean?
A) Slow down.
B) Become dull.
C) Stop improving.
D) Be on the decline.
40. The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.
A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness
B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs
C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy60 rest
D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome
Part Ⅲ??? Vocabulary???????(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. These were stubborn men. not easily ________to change their mind.
A) tilted61??????????????C) persuaded
B) converted???????????? D) suppressed
42. The circus has always been very, popular because it ________both the old and the young.
A) facilitates??????????? C) immerses
B) fascinates??????????? D) indulges
43. By patient questioning the lawyer managed to ________enough information from the witnesses.
A) evacuate62????????????C) impart
B) withdraw????????????D) elicit63
44. George enjoys talking about people's private affairs. He is a ________.
A) solicitor64???????????? C) gossip
B) coward?????????????D) rebel
45. The new secretary has written a remarkably65 ________report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.
A) concise66?????????????C) precise
B) brisk??????????????D) elaborate
46. His face ________as he came in after running all the way from school.
A) flared67????????????? C) fluttered
B) fluctuated????????????D) flushed
47. Steel is not as ________ as cast iron; it does not break as easily.
A) elastic68?????????????C) adaptable69
B) brittle70????????????? D) flexible
48. A big problem in lemming English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________interaction with proficient71 speakers of English.
A) instantaneous??????????C) verbal
B) provocative72???????????D) dual73
49. Within ten years they have tamed the ________hill into green woods.
A) vacant????????????? C) weird74
B) barren????????????? D) wasteful75
50. The ________of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace.
A) summit????????????? C) peak
B) height??????????????D) highlight
51. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n) ________.
A) alien????????????? C) counterpart
B) client.?????????????D) fraud
52. We don't ________any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.
A) foresee????????????? C) infer
B) fabricate?????????????D) inhibit76
53. He is looking for a job that will give him greater ________for career development.
A) insight???????????? C) momentum77
B) scope?????????????D) phase
54. The high school my daughter studies in is ________our university.
A) linked by????????????C) mingled78 with
B) relevant to??????????? D) affiliated79 with
55. The Browns lived in a ________and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.
A) spacious80???????????? C) wide
B) sufficient????????????D) wretched
56. A membership card ________the holder81 to use the club's facilities for a period of twelve months.
A) approves???????????? C) rectifies82
B) authorizes83???????????? D) endows
57. They have done away with ________Latin for university entrance at Harvard.
A) influential84????????????C) compulsory85
B) indispensable???????????D) essential
58. It is no ________that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.
A) coincidence??????????? C) inspiration
B) correspondence??????????D) intuition
59. One's university days often appear happier in ________than they actually were at the time.
A) retention86???????????? C) return
B) retrospect87????????????D) revere88
60. She ________through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them.
A) tumbled????????????C) switched
B) tossed?????????????D) flipped89
61. Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ________more energy from the earth.
A) extract?????????????C) discharge
B) inject????????????? D) drain
62. The Chinese Red Cross ________a generous sum to the relief of the victims of the earthquake in Turkey.
A) administered?????????? C) assessed
B) elevated???????????? D) contributed
63. The first sentence in this paragraph is ________; it can be interpreted in many ways.
A) intricate????????????C) duplicated
B) ambiguous???????????D) confused
64. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________with each other.
A) reconciled???????????C) associated
B) negotiated???????????D) accommodated
65. The local business was not much ________by the sudden outbreak of the epidemic90.
A) intervened???????????C) hampered91
B) insulated????????????D) hoisted92
66. The most important ________for assessment93 in this contest is originality94 of design.
A) threshold???????????? C) warrant
B) partition?????????????D) criterion
67. The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins. but her doctor ________her that it is absolutely harmless.
A) retrieved95?????????????C) reassured96
B) released????????????? D) revived
68. We can't help being ________of Bob who bought a luxurious97 sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
A) skeptical98?????????????C) suspicious
B) appreciative99????????????D) tolerant
69. He greatly resented the publication of this book. which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his ________.
A) privacy????????????? C) dignity
B) morality????????????? D) secrecy100
70. In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the ________to reach into his bag for his camera.
A) impatience101????????????C) incentive102
B) impulse????????????? D) initiative
Part Ⅳ????Error Correction??????(15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mis takes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word o delete a word, Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided, If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank, If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash103 (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1.time/times/perild
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2.____/____
school subject are valid104 for^study of television. 3._? _the_____
?? "Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an
essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality
of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet. the ?????? S1.________
cherished ideal of home has great importance for many
people.
?? This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This
dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century
European settlers of the American West, was in find
a piece of place, build a house for one's family, and ?????? S2.________
started a farm. These small households were portraits of ??S3.________
independence: the entire family -- mother, father, children.
even grandparents -- live in a small house and working ??S4.________
together to support each other. Anyone understood the life ? S5.________
and death importance of family cooperation and hard work.
Although most people in the United States no longer
live on farms, but ~he ideal of home ownership is just as ? S6.________
strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II. for ??????S7.________
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting
families. But there was a tremendous boom in home ??????S8.________
building. The new houses, typically it the suburbs, were
often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied ? S9.________
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family
house the basis of their way of life. ?????????? S10.________
Part V??? Writing? (30 minutes)
?? 图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量（pop fiction, general nonfiction, science, art等），给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。
参考答案
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
1----5 DDBBC
6----10 ABAAC
11---15 DBCAA
16---20 BADAC
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
21---25 CACBD
26---30 BCBDA
31---35 ACDBA
36---40 BCDCD
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41---45 CBDCD
46---50 DBCBA
51---55 DABDA
56---60 BCABD
61---65 ADBAC
66---70 DCCAB
Part IV Error Correction
1. no -------- not
2. place -------- land
3. started -------- start
4. working -------- work
5. anyone -------- everyone
6. but ---------- (去掉)
7. before -------- after
8. But ----------- And
9. it ------------- they
10. 在house后增加as
点击
收听单词发音
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1
liberate
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| v.解放，使获得自由，释出，放出；vt.解放，使获自由 | |
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liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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3
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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deteriorate
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| v.变坏；恶化；退化 | |
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restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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Soviet
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| adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃 | |
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delegation
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| n.代表团；派遣 | |
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soviets
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| 苏维埃（Soviet的复数形式） | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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purging
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| 清洗； 清除； 净化； 洗炉 | |
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15
evading
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| 逃避( evade的现在分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出 | |
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16
infusion
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| n.灌输 | |
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automobile
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| n.汽车，机动车 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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leakage
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| n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量 | |
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slate
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| n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订 | |
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21
corporate
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| adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的 | |
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22
biased
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| a.有偏见的 | |
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23
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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24
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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25
trolley
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| n.手推车，台车；无轨电车；有轨电车 | |
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26
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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27
inflexible
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| adj.不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的 | |
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28
saturated
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| a.饱和的，充满的 | |
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29
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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30
suburban
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| adj.城郊的，在郊区的 | |
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31
motorways
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| n.高速公路( motorway的名词复数 ) | |
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32
automobiles
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| n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 ) | |
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33
devastating
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| adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的 | |
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34
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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35
physiological
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| adj.生理学的，生理学上的 | |
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36
vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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37
alleviating
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| 减轻，缓解，缓和( alleviate的现在分词 ) | |
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38
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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39
syndrome
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| n.综合病症；并存特性 | |
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40
pollutants
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| 污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 ) | |
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41
diagnosis
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| n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断 | |
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42
embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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43
disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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44
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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45
compensate
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| vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消 | |
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46
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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47
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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48
cumulative
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| adj.累积的，渐增的 | |
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49
exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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50
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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51
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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52
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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53
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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54
recur
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| vi.复发，重现，再发生 | |
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55
underlying
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| adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的 | |
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56
systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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57
undue
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| adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的 | |
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58
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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59
compensated
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| 补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） | |
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60
lengthy
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| adj.漫长的，冗长的 | |
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61
tilted
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| v. 倾斜的 | |
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62
evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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63
elicit
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| v.引出,抽出,引起 | |
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64
solicitor
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| n.初级律师，事务律师 | |
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65
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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66
concise
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| adj.简洁的，简明的 | |
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67
Flared
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| adj. 端部张开的, 爆发的, 加宽的, 漏斗式的 动词flare的过去式和过去分词 | |
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68
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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69
adaptable
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| adj.能适应的，适应性强的，可改编的 | |
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70
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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71
proficient
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| adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家 | |
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72
provocative
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| adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的 | |
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73
dual
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| adj.双的；二重的，二元的 | |
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74
weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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75
wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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76
inhibit
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| vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制 | |
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77
momentum
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| n.动力，冲力，势头；动量 | |
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78
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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79
affiliated
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| adj. 附属的, 有关连的 | |
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80
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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81
holder
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| n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物 | |
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82
rectifies
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| 改正，矫正( rectify的第三人称单数 )； 精馏 | |
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83
authorizes
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| 授权，批准，委托( authorize的名词复数 ) | |
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84
influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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85
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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86
retention
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| n.保留，保持，保持力，记忆力 | |
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87
retrospect
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| n.回顾，追溯；v.回顾，回想，追溯 | |
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88
revere
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| vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏 | |
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89
flipped
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| 轻弹( flip的过去式和过去分词 )； 按（开关）； 快速翻转； 急挥 | |
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90
epidemic
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| n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的 | |
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91
hampered
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| 妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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92
hoisted
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| 把…吊起，升起( hoist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
assessment
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| n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额 | |
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94
originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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95
retrieved
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| v.取回( retrieve的过去式和过去分词 )；恢复；寻回；检索（储存的信息） | |
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96
reassured
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| adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词) | |
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97
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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98
skeptical
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| adj.怀疑的，多疑的 | |
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99
appreciative
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| adj.有鉴赏力的，有眼力的；感激的 | |
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100
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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101
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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102
incentive
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| n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机 | |
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103
slash
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| vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩 | |
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104
valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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