94-98研究生入学考试(英语完形部分)

1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is   of     the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of   likely    breakdown¹ in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words     prevents    a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may     stir up     unfavorable reactions in the listener     which   interfere² with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

  Moreover    inaccurate³ or indefinite words may make    it    difficult for the listener to understand the   message   which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be   unable    to explain or describe in a    way   that can be understood by his listeners.

41.  A] of                         B] at                              C] for                             D] on

42.  A] inaccessible     B] timely                       C] likely                        D]invalid

43.  A] encourages      B] prevents                   C] destroy                   D] offers

44.  A] pass out            B] take away                C] back up                   D] stir up

45.  A] who                    B] as                              C] which                       D] what

46.  A] Moreover           B] However                   C] Preliminarily           D] Unexpectedly

47.  A] that                     B] it                                 C] so                              D] this

48.  A] speech              B] sense                       C] message                  D] meaning

49.  A] obscure             B] difficult                      C] impossible               D] unable

50.  A] case                   B] means                      C] method                      D] way

译文:

就语言而言,可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适应的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的不利反应，从而干扰其理解。因此，这发送##接受系统就会中断。

此外，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。

1995年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those  described  for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations  for the purpose  of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep  deprivation⁴ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats  develop  bacterial⁵ infections of the blood, as if immune systems —the self-protecting mechanism⁶ against diseases —had crashed.

41.  A] Either  B]Neither C] Each   D] Any

42.  A] intended   B] required C] assumed D] inferred

43.  A]subtle  B] obvious C] mysterious  D] doubtful

44.  A] maintained B] described C] settled D] afforded

45.  A] in the light B] by virtue C] with the exception D] for the purpose

46.  A] reduction B] destruction C] deprivation D] restriction⁷

47.  A] upon  B] by  C] through D] with

48.  A] paid attention to B] caught sight of C] laid emphasis on D] cast light on

49. A] develop B] produce C] stimulate D] induce

50.  A] if  B]as if C] only if D] if only

译文：

睡眠通常被分为所谓的“快动眼”睡眠阶段（REM=rapid eye movement）和较多长的非快睡眠。前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人们假设REM睡眠对大脑起羊某种康复功能。非快动眼睡眠起的作用更神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首次描述的一些新实验，对眼球非快速移动睡眠的作用的阐释令人着迷。

比如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠死尸时，这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统——抵御疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃。

1996年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.

They do not provide energy,  nor  do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for  transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if  any  is missing a deficiency disease becomes  apparent .

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and     sometimes  nitrogen. They are different  in that  their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.

Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional⁸ use for  excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.

41.  A] either   B] so C]nor D] never

42.  A] shifting B] transferring C] altering D] transforming

43.  A] any  B] some C] anything D] something

44.  A] serious  B] apparent C] severe D] fatal

45.  A] mostly  B] partially  C] sometimes D] rarely

46.  A] in that B]so that C] such that D] except that

47.  A]undertakes B] holds  C] plays  D] performs

48.  A] Supply B]Getting C] Providing D] Furnishing

49.  A]exceptional  B]exceeding C] excess D] external

50.  A] nevertheless B] therefore  C] moreover D] meanwhile

译文：

维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物（包括人）的生存和生长。

它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素，若缺其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。

各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素构成，一般是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。

虽然维生素对人体并无什么营养上的用处，但吸收足够的维生素是必要的。尽管如此，有些人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过，均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求。

1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm⁹ into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time, As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.

Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This  “disposable” work force is the most important  trend in American business today, and it is  fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive  while  avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.

41.  A] swarm  B] stride  C] separate D] slip

42.  A] For  B] Because C]As  D] Since

43.  A] from B] in  C] on D] by

44.  A]Even though B] Now that C] If only D] Provided that

45.  A] durable B] disposable  C] available  D] transferable

46.  A] approach  B] flow C] fashion D] trend

47.  A] instantly  B] reversely C] fundamentally D] sufficiently¹⁰

48.  A] but B] while C] and D] whereas

49.  A] imposed  B] restricted C] enthusiasm D] confined

50.  A] excitement B] conviction C] enthusiasm D] importance

译文：

拥有雇员56万人之众的劳务公司，是世界上最大的临时就业机构。每天早晨，公司的员工纷纷涌向美国的机关和工厂，为拿到日工资而寻找一天的工作。一次就一天了，因为一些工业巨头，如通用汽车公司的国际商用机器公司都靠裁员谋求生存，因此，总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司得以兴旺起来。

即使美国的经济继续恢复，僵的兼职人数和临时工的人数也还是不断增加。这种“一次性”的就业大军是当今美国经济的最重要的趋势，而且它从根本上改变了个人与职业的关系。这种现象为这些公司开辟了一条道路，使其既不失国际竞争力，又可以不受市场周期的冲击，避免就业法规，医疗保健和养老金法案带来的日益增加的负担。对雇员而言，这将意味着不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作为一个忠实雇员的使命感。

1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Until recently most historians spoke¹¹ very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate¹² results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery¹³ for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists  is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41.  A] admitted B] believed C] claimed D] predicted

42.  A] plain B] average  C] mean D] normal

43.  A] momentary B] prompt C] instant  D] immediate

44.  A] bulk B] host C] gross D] magnitude

45.  A] On  B] With C] For  D] By

46.  A] broadly B] thoroughly  C] generally D] completely

47.  A]however B] meanwhile C] therefore D] moreover

48.  A] at  B] in C] about D] for

49.  A] manifested B] approved C] shown D] speculated

50.  A] noted B] impressed C] labeled D] marked

译文：

直到最近，多数历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批评态度。他们承认，从长远观点来看，工业化的确大大地提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。但是，他们坚持说，从1750年到1850年期间，工业化的直接结果是广大英国人民的普遍贫困和苦难。对比之下，在此之前从1650年到1750年的100年间，英国还是一个完全的农业国，他们认为是一个富裕和繁荣的时期。

然而，人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从1650年到1750年期间以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化；事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。