不可不知的“股市行情”

    我们在新闻报道中都听说过股市的“熊市”和“牛市”，也知道股票投资是靠差价来赚钱的。下面这段对话将给您简单又全面地介绍一下股市。

    Julia: Would you tell me something about stock? Mike: Sure, what do you want me to start with? Julia: Uhh, you can start with the explanation of some terms like "a bull¹ " and "a bear ". Mike: OK. A bull is a situation in which share prices are rising. Julia: What about a bear, then? Mike: A bear is a situation in which share prices keep falling. Julia: Oh, I see. But why the prices get rising or falling? Mike: If there are more buyers, the price will rise. Otherwise, the price will be lower and lower. Julia: How can we make money in the stock market? Mike: If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. Julia: I heard that some people can earn money out of a bear market. How do they win in such a situation? Mike: If you believe the market will fall down, you can sell out your shares and then buy back at a lower price. The price difference is your profit. Julia: It sounds easy to make money from stock investment. Mike: Not at all. When you really invest in stock market, you'll get involved into the whole world. Julia: What do you mean by that? Mike: To decide which share you'll buy in is quite hard sometimes. You have to consider the market tendency; the growth of the company and you'd better know something about technical analysis. Julia: So boring it is. I'd better invest in some fixed² interest fields. Mike: Certainly you can. You won't suffer from the risks. But your wallet will suffer. Julia: What should I do? Mike: If you really want to invest in stock, perhaps you should find a broker³.

    Notes：

    1. 对话中，Mike给Julia讲了一些关于股票和股票市场的知识，我们来从头看一看。首先是“牛市”和“熊市”这两个概念，“牛市”就是“a bull market”，bull是“公牛”的意思。“牛市”就是指“股价上涨的股市”。 “熊市”，a bear market，就是指“股价不断下跌的股市”。

    2. start with sth 这个词组表示“以某件事物作为开始”，比如说，You can start with your self-introduction，你可以从自我介绍开始。同时，to start with还可以表示“第一，首先”，比如说，To start with we haven't got enough money, and secondly⁴ we're too busy. 一来是我们的钱不够，二来我们没有时间。

    3. 另外，to start with还有“起初，开始”的意思，比如说，The company had only 10,000 dollars to start with. 这家公司最初的投资只有1万美元。关于start 还有一个在口语中很常用的表达方式，就是start something，表示“惹事，热麻烦，闯祸”，比如说，You shouldn't have spoken to him like that - you've really started something now. 你真不应该和他那样说话，这下你可闯祸了。

    4. 那么股价为什么会有涨有跌呢？股票价格上涨，share prices are rising. 那么股票价格下跌呢，share prices keep falling。Mike解释说，如果买的人多了，这支股票的价格就会上涨，否则，股价就会越来越低。Julia又问，怎么样能在股市上赚钱呢？这是所有在股市投资的人都关心的问题了。

    5. Mike说If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. 如果你相信股价会上涨，你可以买进或者持股不动，如果股价真的上涨了，这时候再把手里的股票卖掉，就可以赚钱了。Hang on这个词组可以表示“紧握着”， 比如说，We should hang on to the shares until their prices are higher. 在股票价格升高之前，我们应当尽力保住这些股票。再举一个例子，Hang on to the strap⁵. The bus is starting. 抓住皮带，汽车要开动了。同时hang on也是一种电话用语，意思是“别挂断”， 比如说，Hang on a minute; I'm coming. 请稍等一下，我马上就来。make a profit on something表示“在……获利”，跟make a fortune on something这个词组差不多。

    6. Julia还听说有些人在熊市也能获利，他们是怎么做的呢？Mike解释说，如果你认为股市会下跌，你卖出股票，然后再以较低的价格买回，其中的差价就是你的利润。Price difference就是指“差价”。这应该很好理解吧。所以Julia觉得在股市赚钱好像很容易。Make money from something这个词组就表示“从……赚钱”，比如说，He made some money from selling newspaper. 他卖报纸赚了一些钱。

    7. Mike说在股市上赚钱绝没有听起来那么容易。因为如果你在股市投了资，你也就卷入了整个世界。为什么会这么说呢？What do you mean by that? 也就是What do you mean by saying that? 因为要决定买哪一只股票有时相当困难，你要考虑市场的走势，公司的发展，而且最好还要懂一些技术分析。不是光凭运气就可以的。

    8. Julia听了这些就觉得很无聊了，因为她对这些一窍不通，所以她打算搞一些固定利率方面的投资吧，风险会小一点。不过这样的话，Julia钱包就要受苦了，因为这些固定利率方面的投资回报都很少，不像在股市上那样利润丰厚。所以，在赚更多的钱的同时，也要承受更大的风险。Mike建议Julia如果真的想在股市投资的话，就去找一个经纪人，帮助她投资。股票经纪人就是broker。