第六节 用量与用法 本项最常用的英语表示法有:
Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与用法
Route of Administration 给药途径(用法)
Administration 用法
Direction for Use 用法
Method of (for) Administration 用法
Application and Dosage 用法与用(剂)量
Mode of Application 用法
Dosage 用(剂)量
How to Use 用法
Posology 剂量学
还可能有其他的表示方法。
本项也是阅读的重点,读者必须正确理解本项内容中的给药对象、给药方式、剂量及剂量单位、给药时间等。
1、常用表示剂量的术语
average dose 平均剂量
minimal1 (minimum) dose 最小有效量
daily dose 日剂量(一日量) multiple dose 多剂量
divided dose 分次剂量 overdose (overdose) 过量
fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次剂量
indicated dose 有效蛴量 standard dose 标准(合适)剂量
initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推荐剂量
maintenance dose 维持量
therapeutic2 dose 治疗剂量
maximum dose 最大剂量(极量) usual (normal) dose 常用剂量
2、常用的剂量单位表示法
g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升
mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升
kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升
mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 国际单位
ug 微克 body weight 体重
per square meter of body surface 每平方米体表面积
3、每次给药次数的表示方法
daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日
every …hours 每隔…小时
intervats of … 每隔…
once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次
every other day 每隔一日
three times a day (daily) 每日三次
three times a week 每周三次
once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次
Divided into … doses 分…次
in two or three divided doses 分为二或三次(个剂量)
例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.
如果医生不另开处方,平均日剂量为每日3次、每次1个胶襄。
例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets.
日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。
例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.
开始剂量最好为每日3次,每次半片美多巴250。
例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses.
儿童:常用总剂量为每日50-100mg/kg体重,均分为四等份,等间隔给药。
例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.
推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。
4、给药对象:最常见的用词有
adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼儿
adult(s) 成年人 male 男性
baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿
children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 患者,病人
debilitated3 patients 体弱患者 pediatric 儿科的
elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕妇
female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人)
5、给药方式的表示法:多用副词成或介词短语表示,例如:
intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服
intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液
intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射
intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射
intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药
intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药
intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药
locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药
parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药
subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous
infusion4 (perfusion) 静脉输注
subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药
submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药
by
aerosol5 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药
by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药
by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药
by lumbar 腰椎给药
pro6 recto 直肠给药
此外还有许多其他的表示法,不一一列举。
6、表示“投药”的常用动词
administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药
use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药
recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药
7、表示不同的用药方式的动词:
take 服用
inhale7 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于
spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服
例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.
建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。
例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight,
subdivided8 into injections every 6-8-12 hours.
肌肉注射:每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。
例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.
成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。
例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.
片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。
例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be
applied9 to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.
把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域,最好是贴在手臂或胸部。
例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be
inhaled10 or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.
一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。
8、其它的短语或句型,例如:
according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合,修改
on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…,因…而异
range from … to … 变化范围由…至…
it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议…
例子很多,不一一列举。
例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.
在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不同的患者。
例13 It si advisable to
initiate11 therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.
建议开始治疗时采用大剂量,每日剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。
例14 In
severs12 chronic13 cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.
治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。
例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.
所需注射次数因患者而异。
例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individual
metabolic14 state.
格路特利的剂量需由医生根据每个患者的代谢状况调整。
例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.
在这种情况下,建议减少剂量。
例18 The maintenance dosage is
determined15 by response of the patient.
维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。
从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。
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