英文药品说明书的写法11--其他项目

时间:2009-11-08 03:31:04

(单词翻译:单击)

第十一节 其他项目
  
  上述10项是绝大多数英文药品说明书中必备项目,但是许多说明书中还常常出现其他一些项目。例如:
  
  1、特点(Characteristics),
  2、性质(Properties),
  3、药代动力学(Phamacokinetics),
  4、用药过量(Overdosage),
  5、相互作用(Interactions),
  6、有效期(Validity),
  7、其他可能出现的项目。
  
  现将各项简要分述如下:
  1、Characteristics(特点)或Features(特点)的主要内容是药物的药理作用特点、疗效、剂量及药物代谢等。所以本项内的英语词汇及结构特点与“药理学”、“剂量”等项内容相似。
  
  例1 Characteristics:
  1)Asverin Is an entirely1 new and patented cough medicine developed by Tanabe's rocess.
  2)Asverin being a non-narcotic, can be used as a common medicine.
  3)Antitussive effect of Asverin is equal to or more powerful than that of codeine.
  4)Asverin is provided with an expectoranting action which has been never found in any conventional antitussitive agents so far available in the market.
  5)Asverin can be administered safely for a long duration without any sideeffect.
  
  特点1)安嗽灵是一种全新的、获有专利的用塔那勃氏方法研制的镇咳药。
  2)安嗽灵属非麻醉药,可作为常用药使用。
  3)安嗽灵的镇咳作用相当于或强于可待因。
  4)安嗽灵的祛痰作用是迄今市场上可买到的常用镇咳药中前所未有的。
  5)安嗽灵可长期服用,既安全又无副作用。
  
  2. Properties(Property)(性质):本项内容与Characteristics 基本相同。
  
  例2 Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid which has been used for a long time in thechemotherapy of tumours2.
  
  氨甲叶酸(简称MTX)为甲酰四氢叶酸的抗代谢物,长期以来一直用作治疗肿瘤的化疗药物。
  
  例3 Unlike nitroglycerine, it is not rapidly inactivated3 in the liver and a reliable clinical effect can be expected. Toxicity4 is low-effects are minimal5 with Motazomin.
  
  脉心导敏与硝酸甘油不同,在肝脏不能迅速失活,因而可望具有可靠的临床效果,本品毒性小,副作用极为轻微。
  
  例4 Urgenin acts as an anti-inflammatory, reducing the swelling6 in the prostatic bladder region caused by general obstruction7. It also stimulates8 the blood circulation in this area and the body's natural defence mechanism9.
  
  护前列腺素具有抗炎作用,能减轻前列腺膀胱区因一般性梗阻引起的肿胀,本品能刺激上述部位的血液循环,并增加机体的自然防御机制。
  
  例5 Medomin induces restorative sleep lasting10 6-8 hours. Because it is rapidly and completely broken down in the body, it is unlikely to produce morning hangover and does not cumulate. It retains its full activity even when used repeatedly.
  
  美多眠可使消除疲劳的睡眠持续6~8小时;由于本品在体内能迅速和完全分解,因而不会产生清晨的“残留作用.也没有积蓄作用。即使经常服用,本品仍能保持充分的活性。
  
  3.Pharmacokinetics(药物代谢动力学) 的内容王要是代谢(metabolism),吸收(absorption),分布与排泄(distribution and elimination11)等:
  
  例6 Ampicillin is stable in the presence of gastic acid and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract12 (30-60% of a dose being absorbed by this route). Its absorpt-ion, however, is diminished when it is taken fogether with food.
  
  氨苄青霉素在胃酸中稳定.而且易被胃肠道吸收(30~60%的一次剂量经此途径吸收)然而与食物共服,其吸收减少。
  
  例7 The absolute bioavailability of Miacalic fouowing intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is approximately 70%. Its peak plasma13 concentration is attained14 within one hour and it has half-life of elimination of 70-90 minutes.Up to 95% of the dose is excreted via the kidneys, 2% as unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution is 0.15~0.31/kg and protein binding15 30~40%.
  
  肌注或者下注射后.密钙息的绝对生物利用率约为70%。1小时内其血药浓度可达高峰,其半衰期为 70~90分钟。高达95%的剂量经由肾脏排出,2%以其不变的药物原型排出。表观分布容积为0.15~0.31/kg、蛋白质结合率为 30~4C%。
  
  例8 Midazolam is completely metabolized in the body. The primary metabolite is a-hydroxy-midazolam, which can be traced in the plasma. Immediately after its formation, this active metabolite is conjugated17 with glucuronic acid(inactlvation)and then eliminated by the kidneys.
  
  速眠安在体内代谢完全,主要的代谢产物为a-羟基速眠安,可在血浆中查出。代谢产物形成后,此活性代谢物便立即与葡萄糖醛酸结合(失活),然后由肾脏排出。
  
  4. Overdosage(超剂量,药物过量)主要介绍用药过量所产生的后果(effect),症状(signs and symptoms)及处理(treatment)方法。其英语词汇和结构等与“剂量与用法”,“副作用”,“注意事项”等项目中的词汇和结构相似。
  
  例9 Overdosage may give rise to the following signs and symptoms: tremor18, xcitation, convulsions, changes in blood pressure impairment of consciousness, and coma20. EEG and ECG changes may also occur.
  Treatment: Measures to monitor and safeguard vital functions. Administration of diazepam wherenecessary.
  
  超剂量可能引起下列体征和症状:震颤、兴奋、痉挛、血压改变、意识损害及昏迷。心电图和脑电图也可能发生改变。
  治疗:采取措施监护重要器官的功能。必要时给予安定。
  
  例10 Manifestations21 of Halcion overdosage include extensions of its pharmacological activity, namely somnolence22 and hypnosis. As in all cases of drug overdosage, respiration23, pulse, and blood pressure should be monitored and supported by general measures when necessary. Immediate16 gastric24 lavage should be performed. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway25 maintained.
  
  好尔睡服用过量的表现是其药理活性的扩展,即嗜睡和催眠。像处理所有药物过量的病例一样,必须对呼吸、脉搏和血压进行监测,必要时采用通用措施,应立即洗胃、静脉输液,并保持呼吸道畅通。
  
  5. Interactions或drug Interactions(相互作用,或药物的交互作用):本项内容主要是介绍药物合用时的注意事项。
  
  例11 Temaril tablets should not be administered with 4 hours of medications containing mgnesium,aluminium or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur.
  
  在使用了含镁、铝或铁盐的药物之后的4小时内不应使用环丙沙星片剂,因为可能影响吸收。
  
  例12 Simultaneous consumption of alcohol can impair19 reaction time. e.g. in traffic or during operation of machines. At higher dosage of Elantan 20 wlth simultaneous administration of blood-pressure-lowering medicaments the effect of the latter can be potentiated.
  
  同时饮酒可能损害反应时间,例如驾驶车辆或操纵机器期间。大量服用单硝酸异山梨醇的同时服用降血压药物,可能会增强后者的药效。
  
  例13 Dormicum can enhance the central sedative26 effect of neuroleptics, tranquitizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics27 and anesthetics.
  
  速眠安能增强神经抑制剂、安定剂、抗抑郁剂、催眠、镇静剂和麻醉剂的中枢神经镇静作用。
  
  例14 Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium28 antagonists29, betablockers, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, major tranquilizers, and dihydroergotamine, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of Nitroderm TTS.
  
  与其他药物,例如:血管扩张药、钙桔抗剂、B-受体阻断剂、利尿剂、抗高血压药、三环抗抑郁药、
  强镇静剂及二氢麦角胺合用,以及饮酒等,可加强硝酸甘油护心贴膏的降血压作用。
  
  6。Validity(有效期):药品的有效期或失效期有以下几种表示方法:
  
  validity 有效期 storage life 贮存期
  
  Expiry(Exp.) date 失效(日)期 Shelf life 贮存期(贮藏期限)
  
  Expiring 失效期 Stability 稳定性
  
  Expiration30 date 失效(日)期
  
  例15 Expiry: 18 months (Expiry date is printed on the vial label.)
  有效期:18个月(失效日期印在瓶签上)。
  
  例16 Validity and storage: The solution will keep for five years if stored at a temperature below +20℃
  
  有效期及贮存法:于20℃以下可保存5年。
  
  例17 Stability: Cefoperazone is stable at least 24 hours in aqueous solutions, stored at temperature which ranges from 5 to 25℃.The powder form is really effective till the expiry date indicated on packings.
  
  稳定性:头孢哌酮存于5~25℃温度下的稳定性至少可达24小时。木品粉剂的药效实际上可保持到包装上规定的失效日期。
  
  例18 Stability: See expiry date on the outside of the pack.
  
  稳定性;见外包装上的失效日期
  
  例19 Shelf-life: The drug should not be used after the expiry date(=Exp) printed on pack.
  
  木品超过包装上印刷的有效期后不得使用,
  
  7. 其他可能出现的项目:
  
  1) References 参考文献 Literature 参考文献
  
  2) Clinical dtaa 临床数据
  
  3) Formula(Formulation) 分子式
  
  4) Recommendations 建议
  
  5) Remark(s) 注意 Attention 注意
  
  6) Tolerance31 耐受性
  
  7) Intormation for the patients 患者须知
  
  8) Further information 补充资料
  
  9) Batch32 No 批号
  
  10)Made in 由……制造 Produced by 由…生产
  
  Manufactured(Manfd)by 由…制造
  
  11)Pharmaceuticala Precautions 药品的注意事项
  
  还可能有其他项目.这里不再列举。
  
  以上是英文药品说明书中的主要项目的英文标题,不同的表示方法,结构特点,常用词,短语及句型等。掌握这些内容有助于了解英文说明书的脉络,但要完全理解说明书的全部内容还需要经过一番努力。
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1 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
2 tumours 6654305f758b5b5576a74cb007e8d079     
肿瘤( tumour的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Blood vessels develop abnormally in cancer tumours. 在癌肿瘤中血管出现不正常。
  • This apparatus scans patients' brains for tumours. 这台仪器扫描检查病人的脑瘤。
3 inactivated 9301af139e2f8eb6dae70f855b1f1216     
v.使不活泼,阻止活动( inactivate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter. 灭螺剂因阳光作用、泥土及有机物质的吸收会很快失效。 来自辞典例句
  • Viruses were inactivated by BPL and the toxicity measured again. BPL对病毒进行灭活,测定残存毒力。 来自互联网
4 toxicity InYwc     
n.毒性,毒力
参考例句:
  • The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
  • Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关,对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。
5 minimal ODjx6     
adj.尽可能少的,最小的
参考例句:
  • They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
  • I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家,所以我的花费很小。
6 swelling OUzzd     
n.肿胀
参考例句:
  • Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
  • There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。
7 obstruction HRrzR     
n.阻塞,堵塞;障碍物
参考例句:
  • She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
  • The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。
8 stimulates 7384b1562fa5973e17b0984305c09f3e     
v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 );激励;使兴奋;起兴奋作用,起刺激作用,起促进作用
参考例句:
  • Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
9 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
10 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
11 elimination 3qexM     
n.排除,消除,消灭
参考例句:
  • Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
  • I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。
12 tract iJxz4     
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
参考例句:
  • He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
13 plasma z2xzC     
n.血浆,细胞质,乳清
参考例句:
  • Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
  • The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分,不包含各种细胞。
14 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
15 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
参考例句:
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
16 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
17 conjugated 659763e4a5c40fe3d34aea1555f278d8     
adj.共轭的,成对的v.列出(动词的)变化形式( conjugate的过去式和过去分词 );结合,联合,熔化
参考例句:
  • Hemoglobin can also be cross-linked to solublepolymers to form so-called conjugated hemoglobin. 血红蛋白也能交联到水溶性多聚体上,形成所谓的共轭血红蛋白。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Similar delocalization is found in other conjugated systems. 在其他共轭体系中,也发现类似的离域。 来自辞典例句
18 tremor Tghy5     
n.震动,颤动,战栗,兴奋,地震
参考例句:
  • There was a slight tremor in his voice.他的声音有点颤抖。
  • A slight earth tremor was felt in California.加利福尼亚发生了轻微的地震。
19 impair Ia4x2     
v.损害,损伤;削弱,减少
参考例句:
  • Loud noise can impair your hearing.巨大的噪音有损听觉。
  • It can not impair the intellectual vigor of the young.这不能磨灭青年人思想活力。
20 coma vqxzR     
n.昏迷,昏迷状态
参考例句:
  • The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
  • She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。
21 manifestations 630b7ac2a729f8638c572ec034f8688f     
n.表示,显示(manifestation的复数形式)
参考例句:
  • These were manifestations of the darker side of his character. 这些是他性格阴暗面的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • To be wordly-wise and play safe is one of the manifestations of liberalism. 明哲保身是自由主义的表现之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
22 somnolence awkwA     
n.想睡,梦幻;欲寐;嗜睡;嗜眠
参考例句:
  • At length he managed to get him into a condition of somnolence. 他终于促使他进入昏昏欲睡的状态。 来自辞典例句
  • A lazy somnolence descended on the crowd. 一阵沉沉欲睡的懒意降落在人群里面。 来自辞典例句
23 respiration us7yt     
n.呼吸作用;一次呼吸;植物光合作用
参考例句:
  • They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸,可是无效。
  • They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。
24 gastric MhnxW     
adj.胃的
参考例句:
  • Miners are a high risk group for certain types of gastric cancer.矿工是极易患某几种胃癌的高风险人群。
  • That was how I got my gastric trouble.我的胃病就是这么得的。
25 airway xzez8W     
n.空中航线,通风口
参考例句:
  • Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着,并确保呼吸道畅通。
  • There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。
26 sedative 9DgzI     
adj.使安静的,使镇静的;n. 镇静剂,能使安静的东西
参考例句:
  • After taking a sedative she was able to get to sleep.服用了镇静剂后,她能够入睡了。
  • Amber bath oil has a sedative effect.琥珀沐浴油有镇静安神效用。
27 analgesics f0b518b9f904c9ad65ac822de28f1dac     
n.止痛剂,镇痛剂( analgesic的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Management of lumbar strain includes analgesics and rest during the acute phase. 在急性期,腰部劳损的处理包括用止痛剂及休息,在床垫下面放置硬板。 来自互联网
  • I've taken a lot of analgesics. But they are not so effective. 我吃了不少镇痛药。促是效果不怎么好。 来自互联网
28 calcium sNdzY     
n.钙(化学符号Ca)
参考例句:
  • We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
  • Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。
29 antagonists 7b4cd3775e231e0c24f47e65f0de337b     
对立[对抗] 者,对手,敌手( antagonist的名词复数 ); 对抗肌; 对抗药
参考例句:
  • The cavalier defeated all the antagonists. 那位骑士打败了所有的敌手。
  • The result was the entire reconstruction of the navies of both the antagonists. 双方的海军就从这场斗争里获得了根本的改造。
30 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
31 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
参考例句:
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
32 batch HQgyz     
n.一批(组,群);一批生产量
参考例句:
  • The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
  • I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

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