六级模拟试卷 ---- 阅读38

Passage Three?Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists envision the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic¹ molecular² theory （分子运动论）, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.?A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If  the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.?Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician³ Jules Henry Poincare said:“ Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”? Most scientists start an investigation⁴ by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated⁶. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.?

In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When  confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.?

31.What is NOT true about a theory??
A) A useful theory can explain past observations.?
B) A useful theory helps to make predictions.?
C) A theory is the truth that does not need to be tested.?
D) A theory may have to be revised or rejected sometimes.?

32.Science involves ____.?
A) imagination and creative thinking?
B) collecting information?
C) performing experiments?
D) all of the above?

33.The key point of the quotation⁷ from Jules Henry Pincare is that ____.?
A） facts are the most important things?
B） building a house is like performing experiments?
C） science is more than a collection of facts?
D） a pile of bricks can not be called a house?

34.In Paragraph 4, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ____.?
A） evaluate previous work on a problem?
B） formulate⁵ possible solutions to a problem?
C） gather known facts?
D） close an investigation?

35.In Paragraph 5, the author refers to a hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” in order to show that hypotheses ____.?
A） go beyond available facts?
B） are sometimes ill-conceived?
C） can lead to dangerous results?
D） require efforts to formulate?

内容概要: 本文阐述了科学理论的定义、特征和科学家是如何提出科学理论的。科学理论是对相关观察对象的合理解释，此外它还能预测未来。所有的理论都需要验证。科学家要提出新理论，首先要了解其他科学家对某一问题已经获得的成果，然后提出假设，假设需要想象力和创造力，是向未知世界的飞跃。最后，科学家必须验证假设，使其成为理论。?
31.【答案】C。?
【译文】下列关于理论的说法不对的是：理论是真理，不需要检验。?
【试题分析】综合判断题。?
【详细解答】文中第二段第二句话：“After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory”，一个理论公开提出后，科学家设计实验来验证理论，由此可见，C）是错误的说法。A）有用的理论可以解释过去的观察结果，B）有用的理论可以作预测，D）理论有时侯需要修改或可能被舍弃，这几种说法都可以在原文中找到，都是关于理论正确的阐述，所以它们都不是本题的正确答案。?
32.【答案】D。?
【译文】科学必须包含以下各种要素：想象力、创造性思维、搜集信息、做实验。?
【试题分析】综合判断题。?
【详细解答】原文第三段第一句话：“Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments”，科学既包含想象力和创造性思维，也包含搜集信息和做实验。由此可见，答案A）、B）、C）都只说了一个方面，只有答案D）最全面。?
33.【答案】C。?
【译文】Jules Henry Pincary的引言的主要意义是：科学不仅仅是收集事实数据。?
【试题分析】细节考察题。?
【详细解答】在原文第三段可以找到Pincare的引言：“Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house”，就象房子由砖块砌成一样，科学是由事实数据构建而成的，但一堆事实数据不能就叫做科学，正如一堆砖头不能算是房子。因此，答案C）是正确的。答案A）事实数据最重要、答案B）造房子就象做实验跟原文不符，答案D）一堆砖头不能叫房子并不是这段引言的要点，它只是用来打比方说明科学和事实数据之间的关系的。?
34.【答案】B。?
【译文】在第四段中，作者指出当科学家制定问题的解决方法的时候想象力最重要。?
【试题分析】细节考察题。?
【详细解答】第四段中的第二和第三句话是：“After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated”，收集事实数据后的一步需要想象力，在这一步，制定可能的解决问题的方法，所以正确答案是B）。答案A）当评价前人工作的时候、 C）收集事实数据的时候、D）结束调查的时候都与原文不符。?
35.【答案】A。?
【译文】第五段中，作者将假设称之为向未知世界的飞跃，这是为了说明假设超越了已知的事实数据。?
【试题分析】词组理解题。?
【详细解答】根据下文的一句：“It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts”，它使科学家的思维延伸，超出了已知的事实数据，所以正确答案是A）。答案B）假设有时侯考虑不周，C）能带来危险的后果都与原文不符，答案 D）提出假设需要付出努力跟“向未知世界的飞跃”这个词组无关。