土豆基因组解码成功

时间：2011-07-10 08:15:07

（单词翻译:单击）

An international team of scientists based in Scotland has decoded1 the full DNA2 sequence of the potato for the first time.

一支由国际科学家组成的位于苏格兰的小组首次解码土豆的全部基因序列。

The breakthrough holds out the promise of boosting harvests of one of the world's most important staple3（主要的） crops.

Researchers at the James Hutton Institute in Dundee say it should soon be possible to develop improved varieties of potato much more quickly.

The genome of an organism is a map of how all of its genes5 are put together.

Each gene4 controls different aspects of how the organism grows and develops.

Slight changes in these instructions give rise to different varieties.

Each individual has a slightly different version of the DNA sequence for the species.

Professor Iain Gordon, chief executive of the James Hutton Institute, said decoding6 the potato genome should enable breeders（饲养员） to create varieties which are more nutritious7, as well as resistant8 to pests and diseases.

Colour and flavour

He hopes it will help meet the challenge of feeding the world's soaring population.

The research is far from complete. Analysing the genetic9 sequence of the plant will take several more years.

At the moment it can take more than 10 years to breed an improved variety.

By locating the genes that control traits（特性） like yield, colour, starchiness（淀粉质） and flavour, the research should make it possible to develop better spuds much more quickly.

Potatoes provide the world's fourth-largest crop, with an annual, global yield of 330m tonnes.


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1 decoded ad05458423e19c1ff1f3c0237f8cfbed     
v.译（码），解（码）( decode的过去式和过去分词 )；分析及译解电子信号
参考例句：
  • The control unit decoded the 18 bits. 控制器对这18位字进行了译码。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Scientists have decoded the dog genome. 科学家已经译解了狗的基因组。 来自辞典例句
2 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
3 staple fGkze     
n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类
参考例句：
  • Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
  • Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。
4 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子，基因
参考例句：
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
5 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
6 decoding b888b2fd35f4dd1fafb025cc18212418     
n.译码，解码v.译（码），解（码）( decode的现在分词 )；分析及译解电子信号
参考例句：
  • We cannot add any other memory to this system without further decoding. 如果不增加译码，就不能使系统的存贮容量有任何扩展。 来自辞典例句
  • Examples using the 8250 will be presented in hardware section to clarify full-decoding schemes. 在硬件一节中有应用说明全译码方案8250的例子。 来自辞典例句
7 nutritious xHzxO     
adj.有营养的，营养价值高的
参考例句：
  • Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
  • Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。
8 resistant 7Wvxh     
adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的
参考例句：
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
9 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

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