气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝

New genetic¹ analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, published in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the surprising age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and therefore shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming scenarios² forecast for the year 2100.

 

The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will likely survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. Although extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures rise, the trees will likely endure the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors recommend that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions³ to minimise the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain focused on preventing deforestation（采伐森林） for agriculture and mining.

 

The study is at odds⁴ with（差异） other recent research, based on ecological⁵ niche-modeling scenarios, which predicted tree species' extinctions in response to relatively⁶ small increases in global average air temperatures.

 

Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the findings were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major threats to the Amazon's future.

 

Dr Lewis said: "The past cannot be compared directly with the future. While tree species seem likely to tolerate higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being converted for agriculture and mining, and what remains⁷ is being degraded by logging, and increasingly fragmented by fields and roads.

 

"Species will not move as freely in today's Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human influence. Similarly, today's climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past difficult.

 

"With a clearer understanding of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we conclude that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances⁸ for agriculture or mining -- should remain a focus of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to minimise the risk of drought and fire impacts to secure the future of most Amazon tree species."

 

The 12 tree species used in the study are broadly representative of the Amazon tree flora⁹（植物群）. Samples were collected in Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, French Guiana and Bolivia.

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