Learn how the body reacts to stress

时间：2012-12-20 03:40:20

（单词翻译:单击）

Regardless of the cause, stress sets in motion certain automatic changes in the body that are designed to give it a quick burst of energy. The pattern of changes has been called the "fight-or-flight" response because it most likely  evolved from our prehistoric1（史前的，陈旧的） ancestors, who faced daily dangers in their search for food and shelter and had to either flee or do battle. Of course, we no longer face such dangers, but our bodies continue to react as if we did.
 
So instead of responding to a saber-tooth tiger lurking2 behind a tree, the body reacts to petty annoyances3 like  getting caught in traffic, being reprimanded by a supervisor4, or worrying about bills. Regardless of the type of  stress, the body goes through the following changes:
 
*The adrenal glands5 release adrenaline and other stress hormones6 that prime certain organs to go into action.
*The breathing becomes faster and more shallow to allow the body to take in more oxygen.
*The liver releases more glucose7 (blood sugar) to provide extra energy.
*The heart beats faster and blood pressure rises to increase the distribution of oxygen and nutrients8 throughout the body.
*Blood flow to the brain and muscles is increased and, at the same time, reduced to digestive organs.

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1 prehistoric sPVxQ     
adj.（有记载的）历史以前的，史前的，古老的
参考例句：
  • They have found prehistoric remains.他们发现了史前遗迹。
  • It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.这儿倒像是在展览古老的电子设备。
2 lurking 332fb85b4d0f64d0e0d1ef0d34ebcbe7     
潜在
参考例句：
  • Why are you lurking around outside my house? 你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的，想干什么？
  • There is a suspicious man lurking in the shadows. 有一可疑的人躲在阴暗中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
3 annoyances 825318190e0ef2fdbbf087738a8eb7f6     
n.恼怒( annoyance的名词复数 )；烦恼；打扰；使人烦恼的事
参考例句：
  • At dinner that evening two annoyances kept General Zaroff from perfect enjoyment one. 当天晚上吃饭时，有两件不称心的事令沙洛夫吃得不很香。 来自辞典例句
  • Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances-don't we all? 事实上我有很多类似的小烦恼，我们不都有这种小烦恼吗？ 来自互联网
4 supervisor RrZwv     
n.监督人，管理人，检查员，督学，主管，导师
参考例句：
  • Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说，我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
  • He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。
5 glands 82573e247a54d4ca7619fbc1a5141d80     
n.腺( gland的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺
  • the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺
6 hormones hormones     
n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式
参考例句：
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
  • The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。
7 glucose Fyiyz     
n.葡萄糖
参考例句：
  • I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
  • The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。
8 nutrients 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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