科学家利用3D打印制造干细胞

时间：2013-02-14 08:12:24

（单词翻译:单击）

A 3D printing technique that produces clusters of stem cells could speed up progress towards the creation of artificial organs, scientists claim.

科学家称，现在可以用3D打印技术批量制造出干细胞，这一技术将能加速实现打印人造器官的进程。

In the more immediate1 future it could be used to generate biopsy-like tissue samples for drug testing.

The technique relies on an adjustable2 "microvalve（微型阀）" to build up layers of human embryonic3 stem cells (hESCs).

Altering the nozzle（喷嘴） diameter precisely4 controls the rate at which cells are dispensed5.

Lead scientist Dr Will Shu, from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, said: "We found that the valve-based printing is gentle enough to maintain high stem cellviability, accurate enough to produce spheroids of uniform size, and most importantly, the printed hESCs maintained their pluripotency - the ability to differentiate6 into any other cell type."

Embryonic stem cells, which originate from early stage embryos7, are blank slates8 with the potential to become any type of tissue in the body.

The research is reported today in the journal Biofabrication.

In the long term, the new printing technique could pave the way for hESCs being incorporated into transplant-ready laboratory-made organs and tissues, said the researchers.

The 3D structures will also enable scientists to create more accurate human tissue models for drug testing.

Cloning technology can produce embryonic stem cells, or cells with ESC properties, containing a patient's own genetic9 programming.

Artificial tissue and organs made from such cells could be implanted into the patient from which they are derived10 without triggering a dangerous immune response.

Jason King, business development manager of stem cell biotech company Roslin Cellab, which took part in the research, said: "Normally laboratory grown cells grow in 2D but some cell types have been printed in 3D. However, up to now, human stem cell cultures have been too sensitive to manipulate in this way.

"This is a scientific development which we hope and believe will have immensely valuable long-term implications for reliable, animal-free, drug testing, and, in the longer term, to provide organs for transplant on demand, without the need for donation and without the problems of immune suppression（镇压，紧致） and potential organ rejection11."


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
2 adjustable vzOzkc     
adj.可调整的，可校准的
参考例句：
  • More expensive cameras have adjustable focusing.比较贵的照相机有可调焦距。
  • The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.这种椅子具有可调节的优点。
3 embryonic 58EyK     
adj.胚胎的
参考例句：
  • It is still in an embryonic stage.它还处于萌芽阶段。
  • The plan,as yet,only exists in embryonic form.这个计划迄今为止还只是在酝酿之中。
4 precisely zlWzUb     
adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地
参考例句：
  • It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
  • The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
5 dispensed 859813db740b2251d6defd6f68ac937a     
v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药）
参考例句：
  • Not a single one of these conditions can be dispensed with. 这些条件缺一不可。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
6 differentiate cm3yc     
vi.(between)区分；vt.区别；使不同
参考例句：
  • You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys.你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
  • He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.他从未学会分辨善恶。
7 embryos 0e62a67414ef42288b74539e591aa30a     
n.晶胚；胚，胚胎( embryo的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos. 被子植物体细胞进入一个生殖阶段，而且其行为象胚。 来自辞典例句
  • Evolution can explain why human embryos look like gilled fishes. 进化论能够解释为什么人类的胚胎看起来象除去了内脏的鱼一样。 来自辞典例句
8 slates ba298a474e572b7bb22ea6b59e127028     
（旧时学生用以写字的）石板( slate的名词复数 )； 板岩； 石板瓦； 石板色
参考例句：
  • The contract specifies red tiles, not slates, for the roof. 合同规定屋顶用红瓦，并非石板瓦。
  • They roofed the house with slates. 他们用石板瓦做屋顶。
9 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
10 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 rejection FVpxp     
n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃
参考例句：
  • He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
  • The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

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