教育类文章精选：PLIGHT OF THE PRESCHOOLERS

10 PLIGHT¹ OF THE PRESCHOOLERS

　　How do they beat the odds²?

　　Competition for admission to the country's top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth Krents realized it had reached a new level. Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Krents is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the information (they don't use an age cutoff), she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. "Well, we don't have a child yet," he told Krents. "We're trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem."

　　School obsession³ is spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent and religious schools all told the same story: a glut⁴ of applicants⁵, higher rejection⁶ rates. "We have people calling us for spots two years down the road," said Marilyn Collins of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati. "We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters." Public-opinion poll after poll indicates that Americans' No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. "We're getting applicants from a broader area, geographically⁷, than we ever have in the past," said Betsy Haugh of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.

　　The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. "Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number of children who don't have places," said Krents, who also heads a private-school admissions group in New York.

　　So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no foolproof way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to siblings⁸ or alumni children. Some use lotteries⁹. But most rely on a mix of subjective¹⁰ and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity¹¹ and cognitive¹² potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.

　　The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform--for example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before they're ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all that's needed. Parents, meanwhile, may need a more open mind about relatively¹³ unknown private schools--or about magnet schools in the public system. There's no sign of the private-school boom letting up. Dalton's spring tours, for early birds interested in the 2001-2002 school year, are filled. The wait list? Forget it. That's closed, too.

　　By Pat Wingert Newsweek; 05/15/2000, Vol. 135 Issue 20, p76, 2/3p, 1c

　　注(1)：本文选自Newsweek，05/15/2000, p76

　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年Text 4.

　　1.The author uses the examples to show __________.

　　[A]the concern of Americans

　　[B]the charm of the private schools

　　[C]the fierce situation for preschoolers

　　[D]the economic situation of American families

　　2.What is implied in Paragraph 4?

　　[A]The harsh way of forming a class.

　　[B]The high expectation of the parents.

　　[C]The wise selection of the school.

　　[D]The difficulty of getting enrolled¹⁴.

　　3.The author’s attitude toward this event is __________.

　　[A]indifferent

　　[B]apprehensive

　　[C]supportive

　　[D]indignant

　　4.Instead of giving their children great pressure to outperform, the parents should ______.

　　[A]avoid the competition and wait for another year

　　[B]give up their first choice and go to the unknown school

　　[C]let their children be and do what they want to do

　　[D]deal with the matter more casually¹⁵ and rethink the situation

　　5.The text intends to express _________.

　　[A]the popularity of the private schools

　　[B]parents’ worry about their children’s schooling¹⁶

　　[C]the plight of the preschoolers

　　[D]the severe competition in going to school

　　答案:CABDC

　　篇章剖析

　　本文采用提出问题---分析问题的模式。文章以实例作为切入点，着重阐述了学龄前儿童所面临的困境。第一段和第二段指出家长对子女教育问题的关注；第三段指出儿童入学难这一现象及其原因；第四段指出一些学校的招生办法以及有些学生无法入学的原因；第五段指出父母应该怎么做。

　　词汇注释

　　wake-up call (宾馆提供的)唤醒服务，叫早服务

　　kindergarten [kIndE5^B:t(E)n] n.幼儿园 adj.幼儿园的, 初级的, 启蒙阶段的

　　figure out v.合计为, 计算出, 解决, 断定, 领会到

　　conceive [kEn5si:v] v. 怀孕, 考虑, 设想

　　obsession [Eb5seF(E)n] n. 迷住, 困扰

　　glut [^lQt] n. 供应过剩；充斥

　　edge [edV] n.刀口, 利刃, 锋, 优势, 边缘, 优势, 尖锐 give an edge to 加剧, 使尖锐化；鼓舞, 使兴奋；给(刀等)开刃, 使锋利

　　foolproof [5fu:lpru:f] adj.十分简单的, 十分安全的, 极坚固的

　　sibling[5sIblIN] n.兄弟, 姐妹, 同胞, 同属

　　alumni [E`lQmnaI ] n. pl.男毕业生, 男校友

　　lottery¹⁷ [5lRtErI] n. 抽彩给奖法

　　cognitive [ `kC^nItIv ] adj.认知的, 认识的, 有感知的

　　diverse [daI5v\:s] adj.不同的, 变化多的

　　alternative [C:l5t\:nEtIv] n. 二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的

　　magnet school有吸引力的学校。一种招收在形象和表演艺术上学术成绩突出或者有天赋的学生的公立学校，从全城各个地区招收生源，提供较好的教育，并以此作为消除种族隔离的一种方法。

　　boom [bu:m] n. 繁荣, 隆隆声

　　let up v. 停止, 中止, 放松

　　难句突破

　　1.But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify

　　developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings.

　　主体句式：most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures…

　　结构分析：本句是一个简单句。冒号之后的成分做measures的同位语；tests，interviews和observation属于并列结构。

　　句子译文：但大多数学校还是用主观和客观结合的方法：进行考试，确定孩子的发育成熟程度和认知潜能；同学生家长面谈，或在教室观察孩子的反应能力。

　　题目分析

　　1.答案为C，属事实细节题。文中头两段举例说明子女教育问题成了美国家庭的头等大事，

　　由此引发学龄前儿童入学难这一社会问题。

　　2.答案为A，属推理判断题。第四段阐述了学校选学生的一些倾向和做法。对于一个几岁

　　的孩子及其家长又是主观考察，又是客观考察，又是抽签，还要考虑班里学生的多样性，等等。对于孩子来讲，真是有些勉为其难。

　　3.答案为B，属情感态度题。全文表达了对学龄前儿童的关注，以及对他们所处环境的忧

　　虑和担心。

　　4.答案为D，属事实细节题。原文对应信息“Instead, the experts say, parents should take a

　　breath and look for alternatives.”

　　5.答案为C，属中心思想题。全文的中心都围绕着学龄前儿童所处的困境这一点。

　　参考译文

　　学龄前儿童的困境

　　想要进入国家最好的私立学校，竞争往往是非常激烈的，但是今年，伊丽莎白•克伦茨却意识到这种竞争已经达到了一个新的水平。克伦茨是曼哈顿多尔顿学校的招生办主任。她的叫醒电话刚响，她就接到一名男子打给学校的电话，询问有关孩子参加幼儿园课程的年龄限制。答复了他的询问后(他们没有年龄限制)，她问他的孩子有多大。这名男子局促不安地迟疑了好大一会儿才回答说，“噢，我们还没有孩子，”他对克伦茨说，“我们正在考虑什么时候要孩子好，以至于孩子的出生日期在入学时不会成为一个问题。”

　　入学的困扰正在从曼哈顿传向全国各地。我们无法得到有关私立学校的确切的最新数据，但是采访私立学校和教会学校代表的情况表明，这些学校的情况都是一样的：入学申请者供过于求，落选率高居不下。“有人打电话来询问这两年的入学状况，” 辛辛那提市塞文西尔斯学校的玛里琳•柯林斯说，“我们还接到祖父母帮他们怀孕的女儿询问入学的电话。一次又一次的民意测验表明，美国人关心的头等大事是教育。由于长期的经济繁荣使父母有了更多的可支配的收入，即使私立学校的收费每年超过一万美元，很多父母还是选择私立学校。芝加哥拉丁语学校的贝特西•霍说：“申请者的生源地较之过去更为宽泛。”这所拉丁语学校今年申请入学的人比过去增长了20%。

　　这些申请者所面临的问题是需求增加了，但供应却没有。还担任纽约私立学校录取小组组长的克伦茨说：“每年都有少数孩子找不到就读的学校，但今年，我第一次得知有相当一大批孩子无处就读。”

　　那么家长怎样做才能使他们四岁的孩子出类拔萃呢？学校知道，没有绝对稳妥可靠的办法去为那么小的孩子们选择合适的班级的。许多学校往往优先招收兄弟姐妹或校友的孩子，还有一些学校使用抽奖的办法招生，但大多数学校还是用主观和客观结合的方法：进行考试，确定孩子的发育成熟程度和认知潜能；同学生家长面谈，或在教室观察孩子的反应能力。他们还要考虑其他多种混合因素。可能只是由于孩子的出生月份与上学的要求不符，或是申请者中男孩的比例太高等原因，有些孩子最终被列在继续等候的名单上。

　　父母做的最不明智的事情就是强迫学龄前孩子去做一些事情—比如，当孩子还没有发育到一定程度时就逼迫他们去阅读或者做数学题。而专家表示，做父母的应该歇口气，放松放松，寻找其他的解决办法。在幼儿园再待上一年可能是最好的办法。同时，对于那些不太出名的私立学校—或者公立学校中那些有吸引力的学校，父母的眼界还要更扩大一些。没有迹象表明私立学校的迅速发展会使多尔顿学校停止其春季巡回招生工作，因为那些对2001-2002学年感兴趣的学校早已报满了。排队名单？算了吧。那也满了。