海洋最深处遍布微生物

 

An international team of scientists found that the very bottom of the Mariana Trench³, which lies almost 11km down in the Pacific Ocean, had high levels of microbial activity. 

 

The research is published in the journal Nature Geoscience. 

 

The underwater canyon⁴（峡谷） was once thought to be too hostile（敌对的） an environment for life to exist.

 

But this study adds to a growing body of evidence that a range of creatures can cope with the near-freezing temperatures, immense pressures and complete darkness.

 

Dr Robert Turnewitsch, one of the authors of the paper from the Scottish Association for Marine⁵ Science, said: "The deepest parts of the deep sea are certainly not dead zones."

 

 

In 2010, the scientists sent an unmanned submersible down into the vast underwater canyon, where it collected samples of the murky⁶（黑暗的） sediment⁷ that cakes the sea floor.

 

An analysis of the levels of oxygen in the sample revealed the presence of a large number of microbes.

 

Dr Turnewitsch explained: "These microbes, they respire（呼吸） as we do. And this oxygen consumption is an indirect measurement of the activity of the community."

 

Surprisingly, these primitive⁸, single-celled organisms were twice as active at the bottom of the trench than they were at a nearby 6km-deep (four miles) site.

 

They were feasting on a plentiful⁹ supply of dead plants and creatures that had drifted down from the sea surface, the decomposing¹⁰ matter becoming trapped within the steep walls of the trench. 

 

"The amount of food down there and also the relative freshness of the material is surprisingly high - it seems to be surprisingly nutritious," said Dr Turnewitsch. 

 

The level of material found at the bottom of the trench was so high that it suggests the Mariana Trench - which is in an area of the ocean known as the Hadal zone - could play a key part in the carbon cycle and therefore in regulating the planet's climate. 

 

Dr Richard Turnewitsch said: "The fact that large amounts of organic matter that contain the carbon accumulate and are focused in these trenches¹¹ also means they play an important role in the removal of carbon from the ocean and the overlying atmosphere. 

 

"The Hadal trenches may play a more important role in the global marine carbon cycle than was previously¹² thought."

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