居维叶突吻鲸创下新的深潜记录

Scientists monitored Cuvier's beaked¹ whales' record-breaking dives to depths of nearly two miles below the ocean surface and some dives lasted for over two hours, according to results published March 26, 2014, in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Gregory Schorr from Cascadia Research Collective and colleagues. Distributed throughout the world's oceans, the Cuvier's beaked whales' frequent dives deep into the ocean make them difficult for researchers to study. Previous studies using short-term tags (~ 215 hours of data) have indicated that this deep-diving species might be the most extreme breath-holding diver in the ocean. To better understand this behavior, scientists analyzed² data from satellite-linked tags that recorded the diving behavior and locations of eight Cuvier's beaked whales off the Southern California coast. Researchers collected over 3,700 hours of diving data, including depth and time of each dive.

 

Researchers recorded 1100 deep-dives, averaging 0.87 miles deep, and 5600 shallow-dives, averaging about 0.17 miles deep. The deepest dives recorded was one that reached nearly two miles below the ocean surface, and the longest lasted 137 minutes. The dives captured by this study not only exceed the previous Cuvier's beaked whale diving records of ~1 mile deep and 95 minutes, but also the current mammalian dive record previously³ set by the southern elephant seal at ~1.5 miles deep and 120 minutes. One striking difference compared to other divers⁴ is that deep-diving elephant seals and sperm⁵ whales require an extended recovery period after long, deep dives, whereas Cuvier's beaked whales average less than two minutes at the surface between dives.

 

According to the authors, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the unique diving capabilities⁶ of this species, which accounts for 69% of recorded marine⁷ mammal strandings associated with military sonar operations. However, all eight whales were tagged on a Navy sonar training range off the west coast of California and spent significant portion of their time there, suggesting that these animals may have learned to cope with anthropogenic（人为的） disturbances⁹ that cause stranding⁸ in Cuvier's beaked whales elsewhere. "It's remarkable¹⁰ to imagine these social, warm-blooded mammals actively¹¹ pursuing prey¹² in the darkness at such astounding¹³ depths, literally¹⁴ miles away from their most basic physiological¹⁵ need: air," added Greg Schorr.

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