天然气开采对公众健康的影响

时间：2014-08-13 07:15:04

（单词翻译:单击）

Groundwater and air quality testing before, during, and after natural gas drilling -- which includes hydraulic¹ fracturing -- should be key components² of efforts to ensure the safety of communities near these sites, according to an expert panel convened³（召集） to weigh in on public health research needs associated with unconventional natural gas drilling operations (UNGDO). The panel also urges that any research conducted should use "community-based participatory research principles" so that the concerns of the many stakeholders involved in these activities can be addressed. A group of environmental health researchers, led by Trevor Penning, PhD, director of the Center of Excellence⁴ in Environmental Toxicology (CEET) at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, published their findings this month in Environmental Health Perspectives.

UNGDO, which includes hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, supplies an energy source which is potentially cleaner than liquid or solid fossil fuels and may provide a route to energy independence for the U.S, say proponents⁵（支持者）. However, significant concerns have arisen due to the lack of research on the public health impact of this type of energy extraction.

"The working group was convened following presentations on the potential of natural gas drilling to adversely⁶ affect public health at the 2012 Annual Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers [EHSCC] meeting at Harvard School of Public Health," states Penning.

Sixteen of the twenty EHSCCs funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) joined the working group to review the literature on the potential public health impact of UNGDO and to make recommendations for research.

The Inter-EHSCC Working Group concluded that a potential for water and air pollution exists that might endanger public health and that the social fabric⁷ of communities could be affected⁸ by the rapid emergence⁹ of drilling operations. The working group recommends research to inform how potential risks could be mitigated¹⁰.

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1 hydraulic
adj.水力的；水压的，液压的；水力学的
参考例句：
The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.这艘船配有不少于5个液压泵。 A group of apprentics were operating the hydraulic press.一群学徒正在开动水压机。

2 components
（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分；成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量；（混合物的）组成部分
参考例句：
the components of a machine 机器部件 Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

3 convened
召开( convene的过去式 )；召集；（为正式会议而）聚集；集合
参考例句：
The chairman convened the committee to put the issue to a vote. 主席召集委员们开会对这个问题进行表决。 The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt. 总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。

4 excellence
n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德
参考例句：
His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。 My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

5 proponents
n.（某事业、理论等的）支持者，拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。来自英汉非文学 - 行政法 Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。来自辞典例句

6 adversely
ad.有害地
参考例句：
We commented adversely upon the imbecility of that message of telegraphic style. 我们对着这条电报式的愚蠢的留言发泄了一通不满。 Widely fluctuating exchange rates may adversely affect international trade. 浮动幅度很大的汇率可能会对国际贸易产生有害的影响。

7 fabric
n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织
参考例句：
The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。 I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

8 affected
adj.不自然的，假装的
参考例句：
She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。 His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

9 emergence
n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体
参考例句：
The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。 Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

10 mitigated
v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy. 由于悉尼提供补助金，所以到那里的花费就减少了。来自辞典例句 The living conditions were slightly mitigated. 居住条件稍有缓解。来自辞典例句