研究表明老年人与家人关系密切可以降低死亡风险

时间:2023-08-21 07:41:53

(单词翻译:单击)

Relationships with family members, but not friends, decrease likelihood of death
 
For older adults, having more or closer family members in one's social network decreases his or her likelihood of death, but having a larger or closer group of friends does not, finds a new study that will be presented at the 111th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA). 
一项将在美国社会学协会(ASA)第111届年会上发表的新研究发现,对于老年人来说,社交网络中有更多或更亲密的家庭成员会降低他或她的死亡风险,但有更多或更亲密的朋友群则不会。
 
Titled, "Social Relationships and Mortality in Older Adulthood," the study used nationally representative data from the 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 survey waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), to investigate which aspects of social networks are most important for postponing1 mortality. Mortality of wave one respondents, who were 57 to 85-years old, was assessed at wave two.
这项题为“老年人的社会关系和死亡率”的研究使用了国家社会生活、健康和老龄化项目(NSHAP)2005/2006年和2010/2011年调查浪潮中具有全国代表性的数据,以调查社会网络的哪些方面对推迟死亡率最重要。在第二波中评估了57至85岁的第一波受访者的死亡率。
 
In the first wave, these older adults were asked to list up to five of their closest confidants, describe in detail the nature of each relationship, and indicate how close they felt to each person. Excluding spouses3, the average number of close confidants named was 2.91, and most older adults perceived high levels of support from their social contacts. Additionally, most respondents were married, in good physical health, and reported not being very lonely.
在第一波中,这些老年人被要求列出最多五位最亲密的知己,详细描述每段关系的性质,并表明他们与每个人的亲密程度。不包括配偶,被点名的密友的平均人数为2.91人,大多数老年人认为他们的社会关系给予了高度支持。此外,大多数受访者已婚,身体健康,并表示并不十分孤独。
 
Iveniuk and co-author L. Philip Schumm, a senior biostatician at the University of Chicago, found that older adults who reported feeling "extremely close" on average to the non-spousal family members they listed as among their closest confidants had about a six percent risk of mortality within the next five years, compared to approximately a 14 percent risk of mortality among those who reported feeling "not very close" to the family members they listed.
Iveniuk和合著者、芝加哥大学高级生物统计学专家L.Philip Schumm发现,据报告,与他们列为最亲密密友的非配偶家庭成员平均感觉“非常亲密”的老年人,在未来五年内死亡的风险约为6%,相比之下,那些报告与他们列出的家庭成员感觉“不太亲近”的人的死亡率约为14%。
 
Furthermore, the study found that respondents who listed more non-spousal family members in their network -- irrespective of closeness -- had lower odds4 of death compared to those who listed fewer family members. "Regardless of the emotional content of a connection, simply having a social relationship with another person may have benefits for longevity5," Iveniuk said.
此外,研究发现,与那些列出较少家庭成员的受访者相比,那些在网络中列出更多非配偶家庭成员(无论亲密程度如何)的受访者死亡几率更低。Iveniuk说:“无论关系的情感内容如何,与他人建立社交关系可能对长寿有益。”
 
Iveniuk said he was surprised that feeling closer to one's family members and having more relatives as confidants decreased the risk of death for older adults, but that the same was not true of relationships with friends.
Iveniuk说,他感到惊讶的是,与家人更亲近,有更多的亲人作为知己,可以降低老年人的死亡风险,但与朋友的关系却并非如此。
 
"Because you can choose your friends, you might, therefore, expect that relationships with friends would be more important for mortality, since you might be better able to customize your friend network to meet your specific needs," Iveniuk said. "But that account isn't supported by the data -- it is the people who in some sense you cannot choose, and who also have little choice about choosing you, who seem to provide the greatest benefit to longevity."
Iveniuk说:“因为你可以选择你的朋友,所以你可能会认为与朋友的关系对死亡率的影响更重要,因为你可能能够更好地定制你的朋友圈来满足你的特定需求。”“但这一说法并没有得到数据的支持——在某种意义上,那些你无法选择的人,以及那些对选择你几乎没有选择权的人,似乎为长寿带来了最大的好处。”
 
Besides comparing friendships to relationships with family members, the study examined the characteristics of social networks in general and their association with mortality. The four factors most consistently associated with reduced mortality risk were being married, larger network size, greater participation6 in social organizations, and feeling closer to one's confidants, which all mattered to about the same degree. Factors found to be less important included time with confidants, access to social support, and feelings of loneliness.
除了将友谊与家庭成员的关系进行比较外,这项研究还考察了社交网络的总体特征及其与死亡率的关系。与降低死亡率最相关的四个因素是结婚、朋友圈更大、更多地参与社会组织以及感觉与知己更亲近,这四个因素在同等程度上都很重要。被发现不那么重要的因素包括与知己相处的时间、获得社会支持的机会和孤独感。
 
"I expected the association between participation in social organizations and mortality to diminish in size considerably7 once we controlled for other aspects of peoples' social worlds, but that didn't happen," Iveniuk said.
Iveniuk说:“我预计,一旦我们控制了人们社会世界的其他方面,参与社会组织与死亡率之间的联系就会大大减少,但这并没有发生。”
 
Interestingly, marriage was found to have positive effects on longevity, regardless of marital8 quality. "We observed no association between measures of support from the spouse2 and mortality, indicating that the presence of a marital bond may be more important for longevity than certain aspects of the bond itself," Iveniuk said.
有趣的是,研究发现,无论婚姻质量如何,婚姻都会对寿命产生积极影响。Iveniuk说:“我们没有观察到配偶的支持措施与死亡率之间的联系,这表明婚姻纽带的存在对寿命的影响可能比纽带本身的某些方面更重要。”
 
Generally, Iveniuk said his findings underscore the substantial importance of familial relationships for longevity. "Going back to the very first sociological theorists, many different thinkers have noted9 that there is some kind of special significance that people attribute to family ties, leading people to stay close to and support people who wouldn't necessarily be individuals that they would associate with if they had the choice," Iveniuk said.
Iveniuk说,总的来说,他的发现强调了家庭关系对长寿的重要性。Iveniuk说:“回到最早的社会学理论家,许多不同的思想家都注意到,人们将家庭关系归因于某种特殊意义,导致人们与那些如果有选择的话不一定会与之交往的人保持亲密关系并给予支持。”

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1 postponing 3ca610c0db966cd6f77cd5d15dc2b28c     
v.延期,推迟( postpone的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • He tried to gain time by postponing his decision. 他想以迟迟不作决定的手段来争取时间。 来自辞典例句
  • I don't hold with the idea of postponing further discussion of the matter. 我不赞成推迟进一步讨论这件事的想法。 来自辞典例句
2 spouse Ah6yK     
n.配偶(指夫或妻)
参考例句:
  • Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday.她的丈夫星期天要来看她。
  • What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage?在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么?
3 spouses 3fbe4097e124d44af1bc18e63e898b65     
n.配偶,夫或妻( spouse的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community. 校园里和社区里有配偶可做的工作。 来自辞典例句
  • An astonishing number of spouses-most particularly in the upper-income brackets-have no close notion of their husbands'paychecks. 相当大一部分妇女——特别在高收入阶层——并不很了解他们丈夫的薪金。 来自辞典例句
4 odds n5czT     
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
参考例句:
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
5 longevity C06xQ     
n.长命;长寿
参考例句:
  • Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
  • Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。
6 participation KS9zu     
n.参与,参加,分享
参考例句:
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
7 considerably 0YWyQ     
adv.极大地;相当大地;在很大程度上
参考例句:
  • The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
  • The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。
8 marital SBixg     
adj.婚姻的,夫妻的
参考例句:
  • Her son had no marital problems.她的儿子没有婚姻问题。
  • I regret getting involved with my daughter's marital problems;all its done is to bring trouble about my ears.我后悔干涉我女儿的婚姻问题, 现在我所做的一切将给我带来无穷的烦恼。
9 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

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